Come out on top of my list là gì

This list of Internet top-level domains [TLD] contains top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. A list of the top-level domains by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [IANA] is maintained at the Root Zone Database. IANA also oversees the approval process for new proposed top-level domains for ICANN. As of April 2021, their root domain contains 1502 top-level domains. As of March 2021, the IANA root database includes 1589 TLDs. That also includes 68 that are not assigned [revoked], 8 that are retired and 11 test domains. Those are not represented in IANA's listing and are not in root.zone file [root.zone file also includes one root domain].

Types[edit]

IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:

• infrastructure top-level domain [ARPA]
• generic top-level domains [gTLD]
• generic-restricted top-level domains [grTLD]
• sponsored top-level domains [sTLD]
• country code top-level domains [ccTLD]
• test top-level domains [tTLD]

Original top-level domains[edit]

Seven generic top-level domains were created early in the development of the Internet, and predate the creation of ICANN in 1998.

• Name: DNS names
• Entity: intended use
• Administrator: managers
• Notes: general remarks
• IDN: support for internationalized domain names [IDN]
• DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions Name Entity Administrator Notes IDN DNSSEC SLD IPv6 .com commercial Verisign This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Though originally intended for use by for-profit business entities, for a number of reasons it became the main TLD for domain names and is currently used by all types of entities including nonprofits, schools, and private individuals. Domain name registrations may be successfully challenged if the holder cannot prove an outside relation justifying reservation of the name, to prevent "squatting". It was originally administered by the United States Department of Defense. Yes Yes Yes Yes .org organization Public Interest Registry This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally created as a miscellaneous category as stated in RFC 920 [October 1984] "...any other domains meeting the second level requirements," and clarified in RFC 1591 [March 1994], "This domain is intended as the miscellaneous TLD for organizations that didn't fit anywhere else. Some non-government organizations may fit here." While mainly non-profits have used this domain, it was never restricted from miscellaneous use. Yes Yes Yes Yes .net network Verisign This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. According to RFC 1591 [March 1994] "This domain is intended to hold only the computers of network providers." Yes Yes Yes Yes .int international Internet Assigned Numbers Authority The .int TLD is strictly limited to organizations, offices, and programs endorsed by a treaty between two or more nations. However, a few do not meet these criteria. No Yes Yes Yes .edu education Educause [via Verisign] The .edu TLD is limited to specific higher educational institutions such as, but not limited to, trade schools and universities. In the U.S., its use was restricted in 2001 to post-secondary institutions accredited by an agency on the list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies. This domain is therefore almost exclusively used by American colleges and universities. Some institutions, such as the Exploratorium, that do not meet the current registration criteria have grandfathered domain names. No Yes Yes Yes .gov U.S. national and state government agencies Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency [via Verisign] The .gov TLD is limited to United States governmental entities and agencies as well as qualifying state, county and local municipal government agencies, and tribal governments. No Yes Yes Yes .mil U.S. military United States Department of Defense The .mil TLD is limited to divisions, services and agencies of the United States Department of Defense. No Yes Yes Yes

Infrastructure top-level domains[edit]

Infrastructure Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC .arpa "Address and Routing Parameter Area" Originally assigned to the Advanced Research Projects Agency in the early days on the Internet, .arpa is now exclusively used as an Internet infrastructure TLD. No Yes

Country code top-level domains[edit]

As of 20 May 2017, there were 255 country-code top-level domains, purely in the Latin alphabet, using two-character codes. As of June 2022, the number was 316, with the addition of internationalized domains.

Proposed internationalized ccTLDs[edit]

Internationalised domain names have been proposed for Japan and Libya.

ICANN-era generic top-level domains[edit]

• Name: DNS name
• Target market: intended use
• Restrictions: restrictions, if any, on who can register, and how the domain can be used
• Operator: entity the registry has been delegated to
• IDN: support for internationalized domain names [IDN]
• DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

English[edit]

A[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .academy Schools, military academies, online learning websites, PTAs and student portals, or any site created to be educational on a particular topic. — Identity Digital Yes Yes .accountant Certified Public Accountants, tax advisors, corporate accountants, personal and business accountants, and professional CPA organizations. — Global Registry Services Ltd Un­known Yes .accountants Accountants and accounting firms. — Identity Digital Yes Yes .active Reserved for Active Network. The Active Network Un­known Yes .actor Aspiring actors and their agents, theaters and movie studios, entertainment outlets, streaming video sites, movie review sites, and celebrity gossip sites. — Identity Digital Yes Yes .ads advertising Reserved for Google AdSense. Charleston Road Registry Inc. [Google] .adult Sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. - ICM Registry Yes Yes .aero Air-transport industry. Must verify eligibility for registration; only those in various categories of air-travel-related entities may register. SITA No No .africa African and pan-African topics, African Union — ZA Central Registry Un­known Yes .agency Marketing and advertising agencies, PR or communications agencies, design firms, talent agencies, travel agencies, and other related agencies. — Identity Digital Yes Yes .airforce Military recruiters, flight training schools, supply companies, military aircraft suppliers and repair companies, and Air Force members and veterans. — Identity Digital Yes Yes .amazon Reserved for Amazon. Amazon .analytics Reserved for SAS Institute. Campus IP LLC .apartments Property [apartment] managers, condominium/apartment developers, college websites/centers, and city guides and community centers. — Identity Digital Yes Yes .app Apps. — Google Yes Yes .apple Apple. Reserved for Apple. Apple Un­known Yes .archi architects and architect firms Restricted to individuals and organizations that can verify participation in architecture industry. STARTING DOT LIMITED Un­known Yes .army Military recruiter, army supply stores, military training schools, army members and veterans — Identity Digital Yes Yes .art artists, museums, art galleries, dealers, service providers and contractors — UK Creative Ideas Yes Yes .arte Reserved for Arte Yes .associates Accountants, law firms, consulting firms, real estate agencies, health & medical groups — Identity Digital Yes Yes .attorney Independent attorneys and law firms of any size, legal services entities, elected officials and judges, professional organizations, law students — Identity Digital Yes Yes .auction Auction houses & online auctions, car and truck auction, B2B commodity auctions, charity auctions for non-profits and schools, buyer and seller communities — Identity Digital Yes Yes .audible Reserved for Audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .audio stereo/sound systems, music — Uniregistry Yes Yes .author — Amazon Registry Services, Inc. Yes .auto vehicles XYZ.com Yes .autos vehicles — XYZ.com Un­known Yes .aws Reserved for Amazon Web Services Amazon Registry Services, Inc. Yes

B[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .baby For selling baby-related products XYZ.com Yes Yes .band Music venues, ticket sale/resale sites, music band & musician sites, school band sites, music review sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .bank banks Restricted to banks and savings associations fTLD Registry Services, LLC Un­known Yes .bar Bars and related industry — Punto 2012 Yes Yes .barefoot Reserved for Gallo Vineyards Inc. Gallo Vineyards, Inc. .bargains Online retailers, large and small, "sale" sections on retail websites, discount & overstock sites, bargain hunters, frugal-living bloggers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .baseball baseball Reserved for MLB MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC .basketball basketball Reserved for FIBA Fédération Internationale de Basketball [FIBA] .beauty beauty — XYZ.com Yes Yes .beer breweries and beer aficionados — Minds + Machines Un­known Yes .best — BestTLD Pty Ltd Un­known Yes .bestbuy Reserved for Best Buy BBY Solutions, Inc. .bet gambling — Identity Digital plc Yes Yes .bible — American Bible Society Yes Yes .bid auctions — Global Registry Services Ltd Yes Yes .bike Bicycle & motorcycle enthusiasts, bike retailers & gear shops, bike repair shops, biking event organizers, bike or motorcycle clubs — Identity Digital Yes Yes .bingo Bingo halls, casinos, online & casual gaming sites, travel agencies — Identity Digital Yes Yes .bio Organic agriculture Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrants who are "producers, transformers and retailers, or otherwise involved in the field of agriculture, food and farming" must comply with the Principles of Organic Agriculture. Identity Digital Un­known Yes .biz business Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not held by commercial entities in accordance with the domain's charter. This TLD was created to provide relief for the .com TLD, where many names have already been taken. NeuStar Yes Yes .black those who like the color black — Identity Digital Yes Yes .blackfriday Black Friday, retail — Uniregistry Yes Yes .blockbuster Reserved for Blockbuster LLC Dish DBS Corporation .blog Blogs — Automattic Yes .blue those who like the color blue — Identity Digital Yes Yes .boo — — Google Yes Yes .book Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .boots Reserved for Boots Company Ltd THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC .boston websites related to the city of Boston, Massachusetts USA Boston TLD Management, LLC Un­known Yes .bot Previously restricted to online "bots" using approved frameworks [Amazon Lex, Dialogflow, Gupshup, Microsoft Bot Framework, and Pandorabots] and now has no restrictions. Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .boutique Specialty online retailers, vintage shops, designers, artists and artisans, craftspeople — Identity Digital Yes Yes .box individuals and businesses, in order to promote personal cloud storage — NS1 Limited Yes Yes .broadway Broadway theatre Reserved for members of the Broadway League Celebrate Broadway, Inc. .broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD .build construction industry Plan Bee LLC Yes Yes .builders Contractors, subcontractors, commercial/residential architects, interior designers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .business Creative businesses & agencies, freelancers & independent consultants, any other business looking to differentiate from the competition — Identity Digital Yes Yes .buy sales Amazon Registry Services, INC .buzz marketing and social networking — DOTSTRATEGY Yes Yes

C[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .cab Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, tourist attractions — Identity Digital Yes Yes .cafe Cafes, restaurants, delis, cafeterias, coffee shops & coffee stands, student lounges, mobile food/beverage vendors, cooking schools — Identity Digital Yes Yes .call Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .cam Cameras, photography, broadcasting, film-making and livestreaming. — CAM Connecting SarL Yes Yes .camera Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online — Identity Digital Yes Yes .camp Camping/RV sites, travel writers & bloggers, outdoor adventure companies, summer camps for kids, hotels, hostels, lodges, bed & breakfast lodging — Identity Digital Yes Yes .cancerresearch Organizations, research institutes and individuals interested in ending cancer through research — Australian Cancer Research Foundation Un­known Yes .capital Mortgage companies, financial services professionals, investment services, venture capital investors — Identity Digital Yes Yes .car vehicles Cars Registry Limited .cards Occasion shoppers [holiday, birthday, bereavement], occasion-related websites, gift buyers, corporate HR departments — Identity Digital Yes Yes .care Surgeons, primary/secondary care physicians, insurance providers, hospitals & clinics, medical, dental, or vision specialists, service based products or services — Identity Digital Yes Yes .career jobs and job-searching — dotCareer LLC Yes Yes .careers Career services [coaching, resume writing], job sites & recruiters, business coaches, staffing firms, HR department of any business — Identity Digital Yes Yes .cars Automotive — Uniregistry Yes Yes .case Reserved for CNH Industrial CNH Industrial N.V. .cash Pawn shops and consignment shops, currency exchanges, other cash-based businesses, check cashing services — Identity Digital Yes Yes .casino Casino & online gaming sites, travel agencies, local tourist sites, hotel booking sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .catering Caterers & personal chefs, specialty food vendors, wedding planners & event planners, event spaces, wholesale suppliers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .catholic Catholicism Dicastery for Communication .center Community centers, business centers, shopping centers, tourist sites/city centers, tutoring & learning centers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .cern CERN CERN CERN Un­known Yes .ceo CEOs — CEOTLD Pty Ltd Un­known Yes .cfd clothing fashion design ShortDot SA .channel — Google Yes Yes .chat Online chat rooms, dating, political, religious, sports, human interest, & hobbyist forums, companies with live chat help desks, chatbot technology companies — Identity Digital Yes Yes .charity — Identity Digital Yes Yes .cheap Online retailers, discount sites, overstock sites, businesses who sell bulk products at discounted prices, bargain hunters & frugal-living bloggers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .christmas Christmas — Uniregistry Yes Yes .church Churches, youth organizations, spiritual communities, religion-based organizations, anyone who publishes spiritual or religious content — Identity Digital Yes Yes .circle — Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .city City resource sites for locals and travelers, travel writers & bloggers, local reviews websites, tourist attractions, transportation businesses — Identity Digital Yes Yes .claims Insurance adjusters & claims representatives, insurance claims departments [auto, medical, homeowners], customer service departments of insurance companies, law firms — Identity Digital Yes Yes .cleaning Contractors, commercial/home cleaning services, auto detailing/cleaning services — Identity Digital Yes Yes .click — Uniregistry Yes Yes .clinic Healthcare clinics, medical or healthcare specialists, sports clinics, urgent care clinics — Identity Digital Yes Yes .clothing Online retailers, department stores, designers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .cloud Companies involved in cloud computing — Aruba S.p.A. .club groups, organizations, assemblies, communities, general — .CLUB DOMAINS Yes Yes .coach Athletic organizations, personal trainers & coaches, business, life, & health coaches, school & community club coaches or tutors, affordable travel, airline, train, car, or other transportation companies — Identity Digital Yes Yes .codes Software and web developers, IT companies, technology R&D companies, coding enthusiasts, coding classes & camps — Identity Digital Yes Yes .coffee Coffee shops, roasters, wholesalers & suppliers, machine & equipment suppliers and stands — Identity Digital Yes Yes .college Educational — XYZ.com Yes Yes .community City guides & community centers, online communities, neighborhood associations, churches, mosques, temples, and other spiritual communities, local writers & bloggers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .company Small, medium, or large businesses, business that want to demonstrate authority in their field, makers, artisans, anyone who sells a niche product — Identity Digital Yes Yes .compare Reserved for Gocompare.com Limited iSelect Ltd .computer Computer manufacturers, computer repair services, computer resellers, computer training & education programs, tech companies — Identity Digital Yes Yes .condos Real estate brokers/agents, property [condominium] managers, mortgage companies, condominium/apartment developers, condominium associations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .construction Contractors, commercial/residential architects, wholesale and retail construction suppliers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .consulting Consulting firms, independent consultants, specialty services, businesses that offer expert training — Identity Digital Yes Yes .contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc. .contractors Construction-related businesses, contractors, subcontractors, independent contractors with unique skills and expertise, unions or other organizations promoting their people and skills — Identity Digital Yes Yes .cooking sharing recipes — Minds + Machines Yes Yes .cool Fashion magazines & blogs, meme aggregators, trend tracking sites, online merchants, fun publications & sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .coop cooperatives The .coop TLD is limited to cooperatives as defined by the Rochdale Principles. DotCooperation No Yes .country general — Minds + Machines Yes Yes .coupon discounts and rebates Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .coupons Coupon pages, coupon sites, discount sites, coupon-themed blogs, bargain hunters — Identity Digital Yes Yes .courses education Open Universities Australia Pty Ltd .cpa accountants and accounting firms Restricted to licensed CPAs and CPA firms American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Un­known Yes .credit Credit card companies, lenders, credit unions, collection agencies, credit counselors & financial planners — Identity Digital Yes Yes .creditcard Credit card companies, store/retailer credit card sites, credit counselors & financial planners, credit card processing services — Identity Digital Yes Yes .cruise Cruise lines, cruise-related products or services, travel agencies & vacation services, private charter boats Viking River Cruises [Bermuda] Ltd. .cricket cricket — Global Registry Services Ltd Un­known Yes .cruises cruise businesses and travel — Identity Digital Yes Yes .cyou For any individual or business that shares the ethical values of diversity, inclusivity, and independence — Shortdot SA Yes

D[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .dad fathers — Google Un­known Yes .dance Dance studios & instructors, nightclubs & music venues, dance teams & troupes, dance shoe, clothing & equipment manufacturers, fans of dance & live performances — Identity Digital Yes Yes .data Dish DBS Corporation .date online dating — Global Registry Services Ltd Un­known Yes .dating Dating & matchmaker sites, travel sites & city guides, singles meetup groups, traditional “classified” sites, event businesses — Identity Digital Yes Yes .day general — Google Un­known Yes .deal sales Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .deals Discount sites, bargain hunters, coupon sites, coupon pages. coupon-themed guides, directories and blogs — Identity Digital Yes Yes .degree Brick-and-mortar schools & universities, online universities, other learning courses, other educational resources — Identity Digital Yes Yes .delivery Consumer delivery services, commercial shipping services, transportation services, messenger services, any business that ships their products — Identity Digital Yes Yes .democrat Political candidates, lobbyists, political parties, fundraising organizations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .dental Dentists, endodontists, orthodontists, retailers selling oral health supplies, wholesale suppliers for dental care — Identity Digital Yes Yes .dentist Dentists, endodontists, orthodontists, retailers selling oral health supplies, wholesale suppliers for dental care — Identity Digital Yes Yes .design graphic art and fashion — Top Level Design Yes Yes .dev software development — Google Un­known Yes .diamonds Jewelers, diamond wholesalers and retailers, jewelry appraisers and buyers, pawn shops — Identity Digital Yes Yes .diet dieting and dietary — Uniregistry Yes Yes .digital Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies [digital & traditional], online event, meetup & gaming sites, technology companies, e-commerce sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .direct Direct-to-consumer stores, bargain hunters, transportation services, messenger services, delivery & shipping services — Identity Digital Yes Yes .directory Listings organizations, name, phone & address directories, online business directories, clubs, groups, & other organizations directories — Identity Digital Yes Yes .discount Discount sites, bargain hunters, coupon sites, coupon pages, coupon-themed blogs — Identity Digital Yes Yes .diy do-it-yourself Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. .docs Technical Documentation Charleston Road Registry Inc. [Google] .doctor Doctors, any business with “doctor” in the name, other health care providers, PhD experts in any field Identity Digital Yes Yes .dog Dog breeders, dog walking, grooming & sitting businesses, veterinarians, animal shelters & adoption centers, pet stores & suppliers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .domains Any web-based service, network consultants, domain brokers, resellers and registrars, home-related products and services — Identity Digital Yes Yes .dot Dish DBS Corporation .download technology — Global Registry Services Ltd Un­known Yes .drive Reserved for Google Drive Charleston Road Registry Inc. [Google]

E[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .earth Individuals or businesses with a worldwide focus — Interlink Co., Ltd. Yes .eat restaurants and foodies — Google Un­known Yes .eco Sustainability minded companies, non-profits and professionals. Open to anyone pledging a commitment to sustainability action. Big Room Inc. No Yes .education Colleges & universities, public schools, PTAs & other school groups, education research organizations, any organization focused on educating its audience — Identity Digital Yes Yes .email Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, email marketing experts, CRM and marketing technology specialists, anyone who wants a memorable email address — Identity Digital Yes Yes .energy Electrical, mechanical, chemical, nuclear & thermal energy producers, solar, wind, hydro, bio & other sustainable alternative energy producers, battery manufacturers & oil industry R&D, energy conservation organizations, energy food & drink manufacturers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .engineer Computer and software engineering companies, civil, electrical, mechanical, and architectural engineering companies, environmental, chemical, geotechnical, and bio engineering companies, engineer training or educational institutions, railroad engineers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .engineering Computer and software engineering companies, civil, electrical, mechanical, and architectural engineering companies, environmental, chemical, geotechnical, and bio engineering companies, engineer training or educational institutions, railroad engineers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .edeka edeka firms — EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. Yes Yes .entertainment Ticket outlets, travel sites & local tourist sites, performance halls, theaters, & music venues, anyone in the entertainment industry, celebrity news sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .enterprises Entrepreneurs, startups, parent & holding companies, enterprise SaaS solutions & tech services — Identity Digital Yes Yes .equipment Home improvement stores, construction equipment rentals, construction equipment sales, sporting goods stores — Identity Digital Yes Yes .esq lawyers, law firms, legal professionals To be restricted to verified lawyers and attorneys Google Un­known Yes .estate Estate sale management & appraisal services, estate planners & lawyers, real estate agents & brokers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .events Event planners, sports & gaming agencies/sites, ticket sale/resale sites, city guides & community centers, performance halls, music clubs/bars — Identity Digital Yes Yes .exchange Foreign currency exchanges, stock brokers, investment fund traders, ETF distributors, brokers, & dealers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .expert Home services providers, online review sites, skilled worker databases, freelancers, consultants, & subject matter experts — Identity Digital Yes Yes .exposed Tabloid sites, celebrity romance blog, TV spoiler sites, sites that host leaked documents, investigative journalism sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .express Transportation services, messenger services, delivery & shipping services, direct-to-consumer stores — Identity Digital Yes Yes

F[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .fail Online meme aggregators, humor websites, video sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .faith religion and churches — Global Registry Services Ltd Un­known Yes .family Family-focused travel sites, blogs about family-friendly activities & games, family history sites, photo sites, obstetricians & family practice doctors — Identity Digital Yes Yes .fan Fan sites, current events & gossip sites, sport blogs and forums, personal & business sites about niche topics Identity Digital Yes Yes .fans general — ZDNS International Limited Un­known Yes .farm Real estate brokers/agents, farming services & equipment dealers, farmers & ranchers, property managers, health food distributors, cryptocurrency farmers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .fashion clothing industry — Minds + Machines Yes Yes .fast Reserved for Amazon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .feedback feedback and reviews — Top Level Spectrum Un­known Yes .fiat Reserved for Stellantis [previously Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and Fiat S.p.A.] Stellantis N.V. Un­known Yes .film films Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd .final final versions of anything Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br .finance Investment services, banks & financial institutes, credit counselors & financial planners, accounting firms, lenders — Identity Digital Yes Yes .financial Investment services, banks & financial institutions, credit counselors & financial planners, accounting firms, lenders — Identity Digital Yes Yes .fire Reserved for Amazon [promotion of Fire devices] Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .fish Seafood markets, restaurants & suppliers, sport fishing & fly fishing enthusiasts, fishing gear, tackle, & product manufacturers, travel outfitters & fishing guide companies, aquariums, pet & fish supply stores, marine biology programs & conservation organizations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .fishing fishing businesses, sports, and interests — Minds + Machines Yes Yes .fit Fitness and exercise — Minds + Machines Un­known Yes .fitness Gyms, athletic clubs & family health organizations, personal trainers, weight loss, health & wellness clinics, health & exercise blogs, fitness competition & events companies — Identity Digital Yes Yes .flights Airline-related products or services, helicopter rides, skydiving, & hang gliding, travel agencies & travel services, private pilots, airport transportation — Identity Digital Yes Yes .florist Florists, flower delivery services, floral designers, flower seed suppliers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .flowers florists and gardens — Uniregistry Yes Yes .fly travel To be restricted to verified airlines, travel agencies and travel resellers Google Un­known Yes .foo programming and development — Google Yes Yes .food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. .foodnetwork Reserved for Food Network Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. .football Professional & amateur football & soccer teams, football clothing, gear & fan merchandise, football equipment manufacturers, football coaches & players — Identity Digital Yes Yes .forsale Individual real estate brokers and brokerages, wholesalers and retailers across many product categories, discount, flash sale and deal websites, auction sites and individuals selling items they no longer need — Identity Digital Yes Yes .forum forums Fegistry, LLC Arabic Yes .foundation Charitable organizations, public school foundations, other philanthropic organizations & foundations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .free sales Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .frontdoor Reserved for HGTV Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. .fun — Radix Registry Yes Yes .fund Investment services, banks & financial institutions, credit counselors & financial planners, lenders — Identity Digital Yes Yes .furniture Home décor and furnishing stores, department stores, home designers, vintage stores, antique dealers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .fyi "for your information" — Identity Digital Yes Yes

G[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .gallery Galleries, professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online — Identity Digital Yes Yes .game gaming Uniregistry, Corp. Yes Yes .games Gaming sites, forums & reviews, online or brick & mortar game stores/clubs, sports events, clubs—professional & recreational, casinos Identity Digital Yes Yes .garden gardening — Minds + Machines Yes Yes .gay gay individuals or supportive organisations — Top Level Design Yes Yes

.gdn general — GDN Registry Yes Yes .gift gift-giving — Uniregistry Yes Yes .gifts Gift buyers, discount sites, corporate HR departments, bargain hunters — Identity Digital Yes Yes .gives Philanthropic organizations and foundations, charities, nonprofits, corporate giving initiatives, volunteer organizations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .glass Glass & glass repair shops, glass departments within home supply stores, contractors, windshield repair & auto glass businesses, DIYers/artists — Identity Digital Yes Yes .gle Google abbreviations In use for some URL abbreviations related to Google such as forms.gle and goo.gle. Charleston Road Registry Inc. [a Google subsidiary] Un­known Yes .global general, companies or individuals with a global focus or presence — Dot GLOBAL Yes Yes .gmbh German limited liability companies — Binky Moon, LLC .gold Jewelers, gold traders and dealers, coin sellers and traders, trophy and awards shops — Identity Digital Yes Yes .golf Professional & amateur golf organizations, golf courses, equipment suppliers & manufacturers, golf travel & event companies, golf players, enthusiasts & spectators, sports networks — Identity Digital Yes Yes .google Google In use for some websites related to Google such as blog.google. Alphabet Inc. Un­known Yes .gop Republican Party politics — Republican State Leadership Committee Spanish Yes .graphics Web design firms, freelance designers, graphic artists — Identity Digital Yes Yes .green the environmentally-focused "As a Registrant you may not ... use a .green name or its content in a way that negatively affects the mission, purpose of the .green TLD, or its brand." Identity Digital Un­known Yes .gripe Online complaint sites, online forums, customer service providers, feedback sites, blogs about scams — Identity Digital Yes Yes .grocery Reserved for Walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. .group Groups based on hobbies or interests [running, crafts, gaming], group-based businesses [medical practices, law firms, financial advisors], professional associations, support groups — Identity Digital Yes Yes .guide City resource sites for locals and travelers, travel writers & bloggers, local reviews websites, tourist attractions & guides, outdoor adventure companies — Identity Digital Yes Yes .guitars Guitars — Uniregistry Yes Yes .guru Mindfulness & yoga practices, spiritual leadership sites, any training program, work-for-hire sites, freelancers, consultants, & subject matter experts — Identity Digital Yes Yes

H[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .hair haircare products and services XYZ.com .hangout Reserved for Google Hangouts Charleston Road Registry Inc. [Google] .haus German housing and real estate — Identity Digital Yes .health health and related topics DotHealth, LLC .healthcare Primary/secondary care physicians, hospitals & clinics, healthcare insurance providers & brokers, company HR/benefits departments — Identity Digital Yes Yes .help help sites — Uniregistry Yes Yes .here generic geographic — Google Un­known Yes .hiphop Hip hop culture — Uniregistry Yes Yes .hiv AIDS and HIV awareness — dotHIV Un­known Yes .hockey Sports media, sporting goods stores & hockey equipment suppliers, professional, minor league & amateur hockey teams, hockey fans, fantasy leagues, sponsors, coaches & referees — Identity Digital Yes Yes .holdings Holding companies, private equity firms, real estate developers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .holiday Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, city guides & resource sites, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging — Identity Digital Yes Yes .homegoods Reserved for HomeGoods The TJX Companies, Inc. .homes real estate professionals — Dominion Enterprises Un­known Yes .homesense Reserved for HomeSense The TJX Companies, Inc. .horse horse-related businesses and interest — Minds + Machines Yes Yes .hospital Hospitals & clinics, healthcare providers, medical, dental, or vision specialists, insurance providers Identity Digital Yes Yes .host network companies — Radix Registry Un­known Yes .hosting — Uniregistry Yes Yes .hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .hotels Reserved for Booking.com Booking.com B.V. .house Real estate brokers/agents, mortgage companies, home builders, construction/home improvement suppliers, home improvement sites & blogs — Identity Digital Yes Yes .how how-to guides — Google Un­known Yes

I[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .ice Reserved for Intercontinental Exchange IntercontinentalExchange, Inc. .icu entrepreneurs and business owners — ShortDot SA .inc Corporations Intercap Registry Inc. .industries Machine or equipment manufacturers, manufacturers, tech or biotech companies, professional associations, businesses with “industries” in their names — Identity Digital Yes Yes .info information — Identity Digital German Yes .ing Verbal suffix: e.g., "jump.ing" — Google Un­known Yes .ink creative printing or tattooing — Top Level Design Yes Yes .institute Educational institutions, training programs, foundations, research organizations, military schools — Identity Digital Yes Yes .insurance insurance companies fTLD Registry Services LLC .insure Insurance companies [life, auto, homeowners, renters], insurance divisions of larger companies [car rentals, warranties], insurance brokers & advisors — Identity Digital Yes Yes .international Any organization with an international presence, international consultants, import/export businesses, international travel organizations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .investments Investment services [institutional, private], wealth management services, financial planners, brokerage firms — Identity Digital Yes Yes .irish Airline-related products or services, domestic/International travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, Ireland travel guides & resource sites, seasonal opportunities [St. Patrick's Day] — Identity Digital Yes Yes

J[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .jewelry Jewelers, jewelry buyers, online retailers, department stores — Identity Digital Yes Yes .jobs Employment For websites with job opportunities and job listings. Employ Media No Yes .joy — Amazon Registry Services, Inc.

K[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .kim Kim [Korean surname] — Identity Digital Un­known Yes .kitchen Restaurants, cafes, & delis, food stands & mobile vendors, meal services & personal chefs, kitchen supply stores, food blogs & recipe sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .kosher Kosher food certification and regulations — OK Kosher Certification .kpn Dutch Telecom Company Only available to KPN.

L[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .land Real estate brokers and agents, residential/commercial land developers, home builders, mortgage companies, traditional “classified” sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .lat Latin American communities and users ECOM-LAC .law practitioners and educators in law Restricted to qualified lawyers, courts of law, law schools, and legal regulators. Minds + Machines Group Limited .lawyer Independent attorneys and law firms of any size, legal services entities, elected officials and judges, professional organizations, law students — Identity Digital Yes Yes .lease Real estate brokers/agents, property managers, condo/apartment developers, real estate law firms — Identity Digital Yes Yes .leclerc Reserved for E.Leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc .legal Attorneys, lawyers & law firms, corporate legal teams, paralegals, legal advocates, committees, associations and interest groups associated with the law — Identity Digital Yes Yes .lgbt the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community "Registrants are prohibited from using the .LGBT domain in a manner that is harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, or hateful with respect to the LGBT community." Identity Digital Un­known Yes .life Wellness and health experts, charities, coaches & personal development enthusiasts, lifestyle bloggers, anyone who wants to share personal stories — Identity Digital Yes Yes .lifeinsurance life insurance American Council of Life Insurers .lighting Lighting & lighting repair shops, lighting departments within home supply stores, contractors, commercial/residential architects, DIYers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .like Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .limited Private companies, limited by shares, limited companies, businesses with “limited” or “LTD” in their names, specialty products and services, businesses that sell limited-quantity products — Identity Digital Yes Yes .limo Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, lodging, weddings, party and occasion-related services — Identity Digital Yes Yes .link connecting to information — Uniregistry Yes Yes .live Live streaming sites, entertainment/music venues, news sites/blogs, ticket sale/resale sites, video production companies — Identity Digital Yes Yes .living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. .loan banks and lenders — Global Registry Services Ltd Un­known Yes .loans Mortgage companies, personal loan agencies, auto loan agencies & car dealerships, credit consolidation services — Identity Digital Yes Yes .locker Reserved for DISH DBS Corporation Dish DBS Corporation .lol LOL: laughing out loud [humorous or comedic content] — Uniregistry Un­known Yes .lotto lottery — Identity Digital Un­known Yes .love dating sites — Un­known Yes .ltd Private companies, limited by shares, limited companies, businesses with “limited” or “LTD” in their names, specialty products and services, businesses that sell limited-quantity products — Identity Digital Yes Yes .luxury businesses catering to the wealthy — Luxury Partners Yes Yes

M[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .makeup XYZ.com .management Property managers, wealth management firms, money management, systems & network managers, leadership teams — Identity Digital Yes Yes .map maps and navigation Charleston Road Registry Inc. [Google] No .market Online retailers, independent or chain grocery stores, buyer and seller communities, discount sites & coupon sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .marketing Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies [digital & traditional], staffing agencies, marketing consultants — Identity Digital Yes Yes .markets Donuts Un­known Yes .mba Colleges, universities, & graduate programs, online educational sites, job search sites, MBA candidates — Identity Digital Yes Yes .med medicine and related topics Medistry LLC .media Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies [digital & traditional], news outlets, media bloggers, celebrity publications, digital publishers & graphic designers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .meet social gatherings, meeting new people — Identity Digital Un­known Yes .meme Internet memes — Google Un­known Yes .memorial News site obituaries, personal tribute sites, floral & funeral arrangement companies — Identity Digital Yes Yes .men men — Global Registry Services Ltd Un­known Yes .menu restaurants — Wedding TLD2 Yes Yes .mint Reserved for Intuit Mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. .mobi mobile devices Must be used for mobile-compatible sites in accordance with standards. Identity Digital Yes Yes .mobile Dish DBS Corporation .mobily Reserved for Mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. .moe Japanese otaku culture; see moe [slang] — Interlink Yes Yes .mom mothers Uniregistry, Corp. .money Lenders, financial services businesses, money blogs & news sites, investment bankers & brokers, financial planners & experts — Identity Digital Yes Yes .monster XYZ.com Yes Yes .mortgage Mortgage brokers, real estate brokers/agents, home buyers, traditional “classified” sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .motorcycles motorcycles — DERMotorcycles Un­known Yes .mov digital video — Google Un­known Yes .movie Streaming movie services, movie studios & distributors, movie theaters & entertainment outlets, ticket sale/resale sites, movie review sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .museum museums Must be verified as a legitimate museum. Museum Domain Management Association Latin script Yes .music Music dissemination and appreciation — Under contention

N[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .name individuals, by name Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not by individuals [or the owners of fictional characters] in accordance with the domain's charter. Verisign Yes Yes .navy Naval training schools, navy supply stores, military recruiters, credit unions, navy members and veterans — Identity Digital Yes Yes .network IT professionals, tech consultants, career sites, industry-specific professional groups, social networks — Identity Digital Yes Yes .new Websites where people can create something The second-level domain name must be the thing to be created immediately when a user visits the .new website. Most likely, the .new will redirect to a company's main website. Google Un­known Yes .news News organizations, educational publications, trade publications, neighborhood news blogs — Un­known Yes .nexus Google Un­known Yes .ngo Non-governmental organizations. Sold packaged with .ong. Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. Public Interest Registry Un­known Yes .ninja Sites promoting specialized skills, repair services [auto, appliance, etc.], gaming sites, martial arts organizations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .now Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .ntt Restricted to use by NTT Japan. Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation. Yes Yes

O[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .observer Donuts .org general — Public Interest Registry .one general — One Registry Un­known Yes .ong Non-governmental organizations. Sold packaged with .ngo. Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. Public Interest Registry Un­known Yes .onl generic — I-REGISTRY Un­known Yes .online generic — Radix Registry Un­known Yes .ooo general Infibeam Yes Yes .open private to the "Registry Operator and its qualified Affiliates and Trademark Licensees" American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. .organic organic gardeners, farmers, foods, etc. Registrants must be verified as a member of the organic community. Identity Digital Un­known Yes .origins Reserved for Origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.

P[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .page Charleston Road Registry Inc. [Google] .partners Law firms, real estate agencies, investment firms, accounting firms, nonprofit organizations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .parts Appliance wholesalers & service, tool rentals & service businesses, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses — Identity Digital Yes Yes .party nightclubs and social gatherings — Global Registry Services Ltd Un­known Yes .pay electronic payments Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .pet animals and pets Identity Digital .pharmacy pharmacies "All registrants within the .pharmacy gTLD are vetted prior to registration to confirm that they meet all applicable regulatory standards, including pharmacy licensure and valid prescription requirements, in the jurisdictions where they are based and where they serve patients." National Association of Boards of Pharmacy Un­known Yes .phone telephone-related businesses Dish DBS Corporation .photo photography and photo-sharing — Uniregistry Yes Yes .photography Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online — Identity Digital Yes Yes .photos Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online — Identity Digital Yes Yes .physio physical therapists Must be eligible for membership within an association that is a member of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy, have proper training as a physical therapist outside WCPT's reach, or otherwise supports physical therapy. PhysBiz Un­known Yes .pics photography and photo-sharing — Uniregistry Yes Yes .pictures Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online — Identity Digital Yes Yes .pid personal identification — Top Level Spectrum Un­known Yes .pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .pink those who like the color pink — Identity Digital Yes Yes .pizza Pizzerias, take & bake pizza shops, Italian or Greek restaurants, pizza brands found in grocery stores — Identity Digital Yes Yes .place Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, tourist attractions, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging — Identity Digital Yes Yes .plumbing Plumbers & plumbing repair businesses, plumbing departments within home supply stores, contractors/subcontractors, DIYers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .plus Consumer commodity stores & sites, clothing [plus, big & tall], service-based businesses, any entity wanting to show their competitive advantage — Identity Digital Yes Yes .poker Poker players and sites — Identity Digital Un­known Yes .porn adult entertainment [pornography] For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. Identity Digital Yes Yes .post postal services The .post TLD is restricted to Postal Administrations as defined in the Universal Postal Union constitution, and their large customers who wish to provide "Trusted Postal Services". Universal Postal Union No Yes .press publishing and journalism — Radix Registry Un­known Yes .prime Reserved for Amazon Prime Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .pro professions/professionals — Identity Digital No Yes .productions Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies [digital & traditional], video production services, anyone in the film industry — Identity Digital Yes Yes .prof Professors, teachers and learning — Google Un­known Yes .promo advertising Identity Digital .properties Real estate brokers/agents, residential/Commercial land developers, property [condo/apartment] managers, home builders, mortgage companies — Identity Digital Yes Yes .property real estate — Uniregistry Yes Yes .protection security XYZ.COM LLC .pub Pubs, bars & nightclubs, burger joints, breweries & taphouses, beer distributors, restaurant & bar suppliers

publications

— Identity Digital Yes Yes

Q[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .qpon coupons — dotCOOL Un­known Yes .quebec People and businesses in Quebec — — Un­known Yes

R[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .racing racing — Global Registry Services Ltd Un­known Yes .radio radio stations, amateur radio operators European Broadcasting Union [EBU] .read Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .realestate real estate dotRealEstate LLC .realtor realtors To be restricted to members of the National Association of Realtors and the Canadian Real Estate Association, and related associations. Real Estate Domains Un­known Yes .realty realty and housing Fegistry, LLC .recipes Recipe sites, food & beverage grocery brands, health & fitness organizations, cooking enthusiasts, personal/professional chefs — Identity Digital Yes Yes .red those who like the color red Also Spanish variant of .net Also likely to be attractive for domain hacks for words that end with '-red'. — Identity Digital Yes Yes .rehab Physical and occupational therapists and professionals, drug, alcohol and gambling addiction counselors, rehabilitation facilities and recovery centers, online health directories, physical or emotional health associations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .reit real estate investment trusts Restricted to REITs, as determined by national law. National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts Un­known Yes .rent Real estate professionals and small businesses — xyz.xyz Un­known Yes .rentals Real estate brokers/agents, city guides, college housing centers, & community centers, vehicle, equipment, or entertainment/event rentals, property managers, condo/apartment developers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .repair General or specialty repair shops, construction contractors/subcontractors, DIYers, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat businesses — Identity Digital Yes Yes .report News and current events sites, financial reporting sites, financial or business analysts, consumer product reviews, police, school, or other community report listings — Identity Digital Yes Yes .republican Political candidates, lobbyists, political parties, fundraising organizations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .rest Restaurants and related industry — Punto 2012 Yes Yes .restaurant Casual eateries, gourmet restaurants, suppliers, chains, review sites, reservation sites & services — Identity Digital Yes Yes .review public reviews — Global Registry Services Ltd Un­known Yes .reviews News media, food publications, travel publications, literary publications, any product & service with online reviews — Identity Digital Yes Yes .rich businesses catering to the wealthy — I-REGISTRY Un­known Yes .rip Loved ones seeking to memorialize the deceased, funeral homes and cemeteries, businesses that support the funeral industry, obituary websites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .rocks Pop culture sites, niche and fan sites, musicians, gemstone & jewelry companies — Identity Digital Yes Yes .rodeo Rodeo interest — Minds + Machines Yes Yes .room lodging or room design Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .rugby rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited .run Runners, running shoe retailers, specialty running gear shops, running event organizers — Identity Digital Yes Yes

S[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .safe security and safety Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .sale Online and brick-and-mortar retailers and wholesalers, automotive and motorcycle dealers, discount, flash sale, and deal websites, auction sites and individuals selling items they no longer need — Identity Digital Yes Yes .salon Hair salons, nail salons, beauty product companies, beauty schools — Identity Digital Yes Yes .save Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .sbi State Bank of India .scholarships scholarship related — Scholarships.com Un­known Un­known .school Public schools, private & charter schools, specialty and trade schools, online learning sites, resource sites for teachers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .science science-related sites — Global Registry Services Ltd Un­known Yes .search search engines Charleston Road Registry Inc. [Google] .secure security Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .security XYZ.COM LLC .select iSelect Ltd .services Service division of any company, home services [cleaning, landscaping, plumbing, pet care], business services [tech support, interior design, translation services], community service organizations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .sex adult entertainment [pornography] For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. ICM Registry Yes Yes .sexy adult entertainment — Uniregistry Yes Yes .shoes Shoe stores, department stores, online retailers, athletic shoe retailers, discount shoe stores — Identity Digital Yes Yes .shop GMO Registry, Inc. .shopping Online retailers, shopping centers, personal shoppers, discount sites & coupon sites, shopping blogs & product reviews Identity Digital Yes Yes .show Ticket sale/resale sites, performance halls, music clubs/bars, streaming video services, movie review sites, travel sites & city guides — Identity Digital Yes Yes .showtime Reserved for Showtime CBS Domains Inc. .silk Reserved for Amazon Silk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .singles [Tickets] Ticket sale/resale sites, gaming agencies, movie review sites, city guides, sports sites

[Dating] Dating & matchmaker sites, singles meetup groups, traditional “classified” sites, travel sites & city guides

— Identity Digital Yes Yes .site general — Radix Registry Un­known Yes .ski skiing STARTING DOT LIMITED .skin XYZ.com .sky Sky International AG .sling Reserved for Sling Media Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation .smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .sncf Reserved to the SNCF company. SNCF .soccer Professional & amateur soccer clubs, soccer equipment suppliers & manufacturers, soccer & sports media networks, soccer players, enthusiasts, & spectators, soccer camps, coaches, & training organizations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .social Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies [digital & traditional], blogs & forums, event & meetup groups, any person or organization driving awareness of their social presence

[Actual use also includes Fediverse services, such as Mastodon]

— Identity Digital Yes Yes .software Software testing, support, & consulting companies, software product developers & manufacturers, software training & educational institutions, software resellers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .solar Renewable & sustainable energy producers, solar panel, roof tile, & storage producers, solar cell battery, chargers, lights, speakers, & generator manufacturers, sunglass, shades, UV clothing, sunblock & other solar protection products — Identity Digital Yes Yes .solutions SaaS providers, people who offer do-it-yourself tips and tutorials, consultants, any business focused on providing the right solutions to their customers’ problems. — Identity Digital Yes Yes .song Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .spa Spas — Asia Spa and Wellness Promotion Council Limited .space as a creative space — Radix Registry Un­known Yes .spreadbetting Spread betting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD .spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .sport sport institutions Global Association of International Sports Federations [GAISF] .srl Spanish/Italian/Romanian/French limited liability companies InterNetX GmbH .storage Self storage Self Storage Company LLC .store stores — Radix Registry Yes Yes .stream streaming media Global Registry Services Ltd .studio Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, creative freelancers, other creative agencies [i.e., animation, production], dance, yoga, or fitness studios — Identity Digital Yes Yes .study education OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD .style Fashion bloggers, department stores, designers, online retailers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .sucks gripe sites — Vox Populi Un­known Yes .supplies Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses, home services retailers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .supply Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses — Identity Digital Yes Yes .support IT/Tech support services, social services, customer service & support departments, independent consultants & consulting firms, staffing services — Identity Digital Yes Yes .surf surfing — Minds + Machines Un­known Yes .surgery Surgeons, primary/secondary care physicians, hospitals & clinics, healthcare providers, insurance providers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .systems IT businesses, other tech-focused businesses, businesses that sell electronics or home security systems, organizational consultants — Identity Digital Yes Yes

T[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .tattoo tattoo aficionados — Uniregistry Yes Yes .tax Accounting & bookkeeping firms, tax advisors, auditors, financial experts & advisors — Identity Digital Yes Yes .taxi Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, tourist attractions — Identity Digital Yes Yes .team Professional & amateur sports teams, sports equipment suppliers & manufacturers, sports media, athletes & fans, clubs, online communities & business organizations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .tech technology — Radix Registry Yes Yes .technology Tech-focused businesses & tech startups, businesses that sell to tech companies, developers, coders, programmers, computer retailers, technology blogs, news sites, & review sites, hardware & software companies, R&D companies, tech product manufacturers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .tel internet communication services A contact directory housing all types of contact information directly in the Domain Name System. Yes Yes .tennis Tennis courts, clubs & other venues, tennis equipment suppliers and retailers, professional & amateur tennis players, sports media — Identity Digital Yes Yes .theater Entertainment & movie theater outlets, live performance theaters, professional performer associations, movie review sites, travel sites & city guides — Identity Digital Yes Yes .theatre theatre XYZ.COM LLC .tickets ticket resale XYZ.COM LLC .tips Travel, hotel & hospitality companies, cooking & recipe publications, parenting & and relationship publications, manufacturers of any product with assembly instructions, publications that provide advice on gratuity practices around the world — Identity Digital Yes Yes .tires Tire wholesalers, tire retailers, auto repair shops — Identity Digital Yes Yes .today News & current event sites, websites that publish daily content, daily inspiration sites, sites with daily rotating deals or offers, anyone who wants to spur immediate action — Identity Digital Yes Yes .tools Tool shops, tool departments within home supply stores, contractors, subcontractors, construction-related businesses — Identity Digital Yes Yes .top general — Jiangsu Bangning Un­known Yes .tours Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, tourist attractions, outdoor adventure companies, private plane/helicopter tours & services — Identity Digital Yes Yes .town Travel agencies, resources & services, local business associations, city guides & resource sites, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging — Identity Digital Yes Yes .toys Toy stores, online retailers, department stores, game companies, sporting goods companies — Identity Digital Yes Yes .trade businesses — Global Registry Services Ltd Yes Yes .trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD .training Personal trainers & nutrition coaches, gyms and fitness centers, sports medicine practitioners, business that sell sports gear or apparel, or fan merchandise, animal trainers, career or vocational training centers — Identity Digital Yes Yes .travel Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, destination resorts, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, any other travel or transportation business Must be verified as a legitimate travel-related entity. No Yes .travelersinsurance Reserved for Travelers Insurance Travelers TLD, LLC .trust UNR Corp. .tube Latin American Telecom LLC .tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc.

U[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .uconnect Not assigned .university Online universities, brick-and-mortar universities, university-related clubs & organizations — Identity Digital Yes Yes .uno general, Spanish and Italian speakers, Uno [card game]

V[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .vacations Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, destination resorts, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging — Identity Digital Yes Yes .ventures Venture capital investment firms, business financial services, business consultants, programs & services for entrepreneurs — Identity Digital Yes Yes .vet Veterinarians, veterinary clinics and hospitals, wholesale suppliers for veterinary supplies — Identity Digital Yes Yes .video Video production & media companies, videographers, video editors, script writers, & producers, streaming video sites services, creative agencies — Identity Digital Yes Yes .villas International real estate brokers/agents, international travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, traditional “classified” sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .vin Wineries, wine shops & wine bars, wine distributors, wine clubs & online retailers, wine review sites and apps — Identity Digital Yes Yes .vip Very important persons Minds + Machines Group Limited .vision Opticians & optometry clinics, healthcare providers, insurance provider, glasses retailers, online and brick & mortar — Identity Digital Yes Yes .vodka vodka-related businesses and interest — Yes Yes .volvo Only Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag and its Affiliates are eligible to register a Domain Name under the .volvo Domain AB Volvo Un­known Yes .vote democratic elections and campaign websites Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process." Identity Digital Un­known Yes .voting polling sites — Latin and Cyrillic scripts Yes .voyage Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging — Identity Digital Yes Yes

W[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .wang general Wǎng is a Chinese Mandarin pinyin rendering of 网 [traditional 網] meaning "web" or "portal". Wang is also a common surname in mainland China. — Zodiac Registry Yes Yes .watch Watchmakers, jewelry stores, watch repair shops, neighborhood watch groups — Identity Digital Yes Yes .watches watches Identity Digital Yes Yes .weather Reserved for The Weather Channel International Business Machines Corporation .webcam web cam shows and video sharing — Global Registry Services Ltd Yes Yes .website general — Radix Registry Un­known Yes .wed engaged couples and wedding-oriented businesses This TLD is intended primarily for engaged couples on a short-term basis [two years with large third-year renewal fees for second-level domains]. And although the registry is advertising for multiple world languages, all domains appear to need to be in Latin script. No Yes .wedding wedding-oriented businesses — Minds + Machines Yes Yes .whoswho Who's Who [general] An open TLD, any person or entity is permitted to register. Conceived for those cited in one of the Who's Who reference titles published around the world, the registry was opened for use by private individuals, and for-profit and nonprofit entities, including those with social media aspirations. Registry policies allow for rapid takedown of non-compliant domains, for violations including imposturous registration of another's names, and proscribed uses, including pornography or adult services/applications. Who's Who Registry Yes Yes .wiki wikis "An open TLD for anyone interested in community resource creation" Top Level Design Yes Yes .win games, Microsoft Windows — Global Registry Services Ltd Un­known Yes .wine Wineries, wine bars, wine shops, wine distributors, wine clubs & online retailers, wine review sites — Identity Digital Yes Yes .winners Reserved for TJX Companies The TJX Companies, Inc. .work general — Minds + Machines Yes Yes .works Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses, companies with solution based products or services — Identity Digital Yes Yes .world Brands with an international presence, nonprofits and charities, travel agencies & adventure companies, world travelers & global communities, any business with “world” in its name — Identity Digital Yes Yes .wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .wtf Bargain websites, photo & video aggregators, meme sites, news of the weird — Identity Digital Yes Yes

X[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .xxx adult entertainment [pornography] For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. Uniregistry Yes Yes .xyz general — XYZ.com Yes Yes

Y[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .yachts yachts DERYachts, LLC .yoga yoga — Minds + Machines Yes Yes .you Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .youtube Reserved for YouTube Google, LLC

Z[edit]

Name Target market Restrictions Operator/Registry IDN DNSSEC .zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .zip digital storage information, providers, and related entities. Charleston Road Registry Inc. [Google] .zone Sports fans, technology groups & followers, entertainment, fairs, destinations with a “zone”, city planners & zoning regulators, any topic with a following — Identity Digital Yes Yes

Chinese[edit]

Name Chinese term Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC .ren 人 rén "people/person" in Mandarin pinyin Restricted TLD [Cancelled] Un­known Yes .shouji 手机 shǒujī mobile phone QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. .tushu 图书 túshū books Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .wanggou 网购 wǎnggòu online shopping Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .weibo 微博 wēibó microblogging Sina Corporation .xihuan 喜欢 xǐhuān like QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. .xin 信 xìn credit; honest Alibaba Group

French[edit]

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC .arte "ARTE means Association relating to European television" Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. .clinique "clinic or hospital" The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. .luxe "luxury" — Minds + Machines Un­known Yes .maison "house" — Identity Digital Yes Yes .moi "me" Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .rsvp Invitations and replies — Google Un­known Yes .sarl Société à responsabilité limitée, Francophone Limited liability company — Identity Digital Yes Yes

German[edit]

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC .epost e-mail Deutsche Post AG .gmbh GmbH Upon request, you will be required to demonstrate current or pending designation as a GmbH company whose existence can be validated with the respective public authorities in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein or Switzerland. Identity Digital Yes Yes .haus "house" — Identity Digital Yes Yes .immobilien "real estate" — Identity Digital Yes Yes .jetzt "now" — Identity Digital Yes Yes .kaufen "buy" — Identity Digital Yes Yes .kinder "children" restricted .brand TLD Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. .reise "travel" Must be an eligible member of the travel business community; also, domain must be used for travel-related purposes. Identity Digital Yes Yes .reisen "traveling" — Identity Digital Yes Yes .schule "school" — Identity Digital Yes Yes .versicherung "insurance" — Latin script Yes

Hindi[edit]

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC .desi देसी, Hindi for the peoples and cultures of South Asia See also Desi — Desi Networks Un­known Yes .shiksha शिक्षा, Marathi and Hindi for "education". — Identity Digital Un­known Yes .भारत

Italian[edit]

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC .casa "house" — Minds + Machines Yes Yes .immo French, German, and Italian abbreviation for "real estate" — Identity Digital Yes Yes .moda "fashion" — Identity Digital Yes Yes .voto "vote", for election and campaign websites Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process." Initially only available to registrations in the United States. Identity Digital Un­known Yes

Portuguese[edit]

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC .bom good Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br .passagens ticket Travel Reservations SRL

Spanish[edit]

Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC .abogado "lawyer" To be restricted to licensed lawyers or law firms. Minds + Machines Un­known Yes .futbol "Football" [soccer] — Identity Digital Yes Yes .gratis "free" — Identity Digital Yes Yes .hoteles "hotels" Travel Reservations SRL .juegos "games" — Uniregistry Yes Yes .ltda companies in South America Domains are limited to registered [like LLCs] in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Ecuador. InterNetX Un­known Yes .soy "I am" Also refers to the soybean and its food derivatives — Google Latin script, Japanese Yes .tienda "shop", "store" — Identity Digital Yes Yes .uno "one", for websites targeting Spanish speaking consumers — Spanish Yes .viajes "travel" or "trips" — Identity Digital Spanish Yes .vuelos "flights" Travel Reservations SRL Yes Yes

Internationalized generic top-level domains[edit]

All of these TLDs are internationalized domain names [IDN] and support second-level IDNs.

• Notes: general remarks and intended use
• DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Arabic script[edit]

DNS Name IDN Language Script Transliteration English Translation Notes DNSSEC xn--4gbrim .موقع Arabic Arabic mawqiʿ "site" or "location" Open TLD Yes xn--fhbei .كوم Arabic kwm com Owned by: VeriSign Sarl xn--mgbb9fbpob .موبايلي Arabic mūbāylī Mobily Owned by: GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. xn--mgbi4ecexp .كاثوليك Arabic kāthūlīk Catholic Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus [PCCS] [Pontifical Council for Social Communication] xn--ngbc5azd .شبكة Arabic Arabic shabaka "network" Open TLD Yes xn--ngbe9e0a .بيتك Arabic baytak your home Owned by: Kuwait Finance House xn--mgbab2bd .بازار Persian Arabic bâzâr "market", "bazaar" Open TLD Yes

Chinese characters[edit]

DNS Name IDN Language Script Transliteration English Translation Notes DNSSEC xn--3ds443g .在线 Chinese Chinese [Simplified] zàixiàn "online" Open TLD. The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 internationalized subdomains for localities. Yes xn--fiq228c5hs .中文网 Chinese Chinese [Simplified] Zhōngwén wǎng "[written] Chinese [language] network" Open TLD. The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 IDN for localities. Yes xn--ses554g .网址 Chinese Chinese [Simplified] wǎngzhǐ "network address" or "website" Open TLD Yes xn--5tzm5g .网站 Chinese Chinese [Simplified] wǎngzhàn "website" Open TLD Yes xn--io0a7i .网络 Chinese Chinese [Simplified] wǎngluò "network" Open TLD Yes xn--55qx5d .公司 Chinese Chinese [Simplified and Traditional] gōngsī "business organization" or "company" Open TLD Yes xn--czru2d .商城 Chinese Chinese [Simplified and Traditional] shāngchéng "mall" Open TLD Yes xn--nqv7f .机构 Chinese Chinese [Simplified] jīgòu "agency" Open TLD Yes xn--6qq986b3xl .我爱你 Chinese Chinese [Simplified] wǒ ài nǐ "I love you" Open TLD Yes xn--czr694b .商标 Chinese Chinese [Simplified] shāngbiāo "trademark" Open TLD Yes xn--rhqv96g .世界 Chinese and Japanese Chinese [Simplified and Traditional], Kanji [Shinjitai and Kyūjitai] shìjiè sekai "world" Open TLD Yes xn--3bst00m .集团 Chinese Chinese [Simplified] jítuán "conglomerate" Open TLD Yes xn--30rr7y .慈善 Chinese and Japanese Chinese [Simplified and Traditional], Kanji [Kyūjitai and Shinjitai] císhàn jizen "philanthropy" Open TLD Yes xn--45q11c .八卦 Chinese Chinese [Simplified and Traditional] bāguà "gossip" Open TLD Yes xn--55qw42g .公益 Chinese and Japanese Chinese [Simplified and Traditional], Kanji [Shinjitai and Kyūjitai] gōngyì kõeki "philanthropy" Open TLD Yes xn--g2xx48c .购物 Chinese Chinese [Simplified and Traditional] gòuwù "shopping" Open TLD Yes xn--kput3i .手机 Chinese Chinese [Simplified and Traditional] shǒujī "cell phone" Open TLD Yes xn--mxtq1m .政府 Hani Chinese Chinese [Simplified and Traditional] zhèngfǔ "public affairs Second level restricted to ISO3166-1 country codes; third level registrations restricted to governmental organizations, or public institutions Yes

Cyrillic script[edit]

DNS Name IDN Language Script Transliteration English Translation Notes DNSSEC xn--d1acj3b .дети Russian Cyrillic [Russian] dyeti "kids" or "children" Open TLD Yes xn--80aqecdr1a .католик Cyrillic Katolik "сatholic" [as noun] Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus [Pontifical Council for Social Communications] xn--j1aef .ком Russian Cyrillic [Russian] kom "com" Owned by: VeriSign Sarl xn--80asehdb .онлайн Russian Cyrillic [Russian] onlain "online" Open TLD Yes xn--c1avg .орг Russian Cyrillic [Russian] org "org" or "organization" Open TLD Yes xn--80aswg .сайт Russian Cyrillic [Russian] sait "site" Open TLD Yes

Japanese characters[edit]

DNS Name IDN Language Script Transliteration English Translation Notes DNSSEC xn--q9jyb4c .みんな Japanese Hiragana minna everyone Open TLD Yes xn--1ck2e1b .セール Japanese Katakana sēru sale Owned by: Amazon Registry Services, Inc. xn--bck1b9a5dre4c .ファッション Japanese Katakana fasshon fashion xn--cck2b3b .ストア Japanese Katakana sutoa store xn--eckvdtc9d .ポイント Japanese Katakana pointo point xn--gckr3f0f .クラウド Japanese Katakana kuraudo cloud xn--tckwe .コム Japanese Katakana komu com Owned by: VeriSign Sarl

Other script[edit]

DNS Name IDN Language Script Transliteration English Translation Notes DNSSEC xn--54b7fta0cc .বাংলা Bengali Bengali Bānlā Bangla Open TLD xn‑‑h2brj9c .भारत Hindi Devanagari bharat India xn--i1b6b1a6a2e .संगठन Marathi, Hindi Devanagari saṅgaṭhana "organization" Open TLD Yes xn--11b4c3d .कॉम Marathi, Hindi Devanagari kom com xn--c2br7g .नेट Marathi, Hindi Devanagari net net xn--mk1bu44c .닷컴 Korean Hangul datkeom / tatk'ŏm dotcom xn--t60b56a .닷넷 Korean Hangul datnet / tatnet dotnet xn--9dbq2a .קום Hebrew Hebrew qwm com Open TLD Yes xn--42c2d9a .คอม Thai Thai khom com

Geographic top-level domains[edit]

• Name: DNS name
• Entity: Target geographic area
• Notes: general remarks
• IDN: support for internationalized domain names [IDN]
• DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Africa[edit]

Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC .africa Africa Yes .capetown Cape Town, South Africa Un­known Yes .durbancite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title [link]