Fpus lỗi 1500 another installation is in progress năm 2024

Pasteur was responsible for disproving the doctrine of spontaneous generation. Under the auspices of the French Academy of Sciences, his experiment demonstrated that in sterilized and sealed flasks, nothing ever developed; conversely, in sterilized but open flasks, microorganisms could grow. For this experiment, the academy awarded him the Alhumbert Prize carrying 2,500 francs in 1862.

Pasteur is also regarded as one of the fathers of germ theory of diseases, which was a minor medical concept at the time. His many experiments showed that diseases could be prevented by killing or stopping germs, thereby directly supporting the germ theory and its application in clinical medicine. He is best known to the general public for his invention of the technique of treating milk and wine to stop bacterial contamination, a process now called pasteurization. Pasteur also made significant in chemistry, most notably on the molecular basis for the asymmetry of certain crystals and racemization. Early in his career, his investigation of sodium ammonium tartrate initiated the field of optical isomerism. This work had a profound effect on structural chemistry, with eventual implications for many areas including medicinal chemistry.

He was the director of the Pasteur Institute, established in 1887, until his death, and his body was interred in a vault beneath the institute. Although Pasteur made groundbreaking experiments, his reputation became associated with various controversies. Historical reassessment of his notebook revealed that he practiced deception to overcome his rivals.

Early life and education

cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list [link]

  • Gelfand, T [2002]. "11 January 1887, the day medicine changed: Joseph Grancher's defense of Pasteur's treatment for rabies". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 76 [4]: 698–718. doi:10.1353/bhm.2002.0176. PMID 12446976. S2CID 33145788.
  • Murphy, Timothy F. [2004]. Case Studies in Biomedical Research Ethics. Cambridge: MIT Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-262-63286-7.
  • Geison, GL [1978]. "Pasteur's work on rabies: reexamining the ethical issues". The Hastings Center Report. 8 [2]: 26–33. doi:10.2307/3560403. JSTOR 3560403. PMID 348641.
  • Hoenig, Leonard J. [1986]. "Triumph and controversy. Pasteur's preventive treatment of rabies as reported in JAMA". Archives of Neurology. 43 [4]: 397–399. doi:10.1001/archneur.1986.00520040075024. PMID 3513741.
  • Debré, Patrice [2000]. Louis Pasteur. Translated by Forster, Elborg. Baltimore: JHU Press. p. 503. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9.
  • Lord Wrottesley [1856]. "[Address Delivered before the Royal Society]". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 8: 254–257. doi:10.1098/rspl.1856.0067. S2CID 186212787. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  • "Anniversary Meeting". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 23 [156–163]: 68–70. 1874. doi:10.1098/rspl.1874.0007. S2CID 186209582.
  • Manchester, Keith [2001]. "Exploding the Pasteurian legend". Endeavour. 25 [4]: 148–152. doi:10.1016/S0160-9327[00]01389-2. PMID 11590017. Also Manchester K [2001]. "Exploding the Pasteurian legend". Trends Biochem. Sci. 26 [10]: 632–636. doi:10.1016/s0968-0004[01]01909-0. PMID 11590017.
  • Keim, Albert; Lumet, Louis [1914]. . Frederick A. Stokes Company. pp. 50–51, 69.
  • "Biographie". Maison de Louis Pasteur [in French]. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
  • Vallery-Radot, René [1919]. . Translated by Devonshire, R. L. London: Constable & Company. p. 225.
  • Debré, Patrice [2000]. Louis Pasteur. Translated by Forster, Elborg. Baltimore: JHU Press. p. 508. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9.
  • Debré, Patrice [2000]. Louis Pasteur. Translated by Forster, Elborg. Baltimore: JHU Press. p. 509. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9.
  • ^ Frankland, Percy [1901]. . Cassell and Company. p. 211.
  • "Louis Pasteur [1822–1895]". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  • "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
  • Sevan Nişanyan: Yanlış Cumhuriyet İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınları 2009, S. 263.
  • Lutzker, Edythe [1 January 1978]. "Cameron Prizewinner: Waldemar M. Haffkine, C. I. E." Clio Medica: Acta Academiae Internationalis Historiae Medicinae. 13 [3–4]: 269–276. doi:10.1163/9789004418257_030. ISBN 978-9004418257. PMID 89932. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  • "Leeuwenhoek Medal". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  • "Louis Pasteur". Grande chancellerie de la Légion d'honneur [in French]. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  • "Remembrance of Things Pasteur". Archived from the original on 14 October 2010.
  • . Save Outdoor Sculpture!. Smithsonian American Art Museum. from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  • "Louis Pasteur [1822–1895]". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 26 May 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  • "Henri Mondor, Pasteur". Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  • Vallery-Radot, René [1919]. . Translated by Devonshire, R. L. London: Constable & Company. p. 428.
  • "Institut Pasteur International Network". pasteur-international.org. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
  • Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey; Harvey, Joy Dorothy [2000]. The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-92040-7.
  • "History". Institut Pasteur. 10 November 2016. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2022. Pasteur Vallery-Radot, Letter to Paul Dupuy, 1939, quoted by Hilaire Cuny, Pasteur et le mystère de la vie, Paris, Seghers, 1963, pp. 53–54.
  • Chủ Đề