Which of the following is NOT something you can see by expanding an assigned unit
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You just assigned a few people to a task, and the task duration got longer, not shorter as you expected. Or maybe the reverse happened. Either way, you’re stumped. Some tasks, such as curing cement, take a fixed amount of time no matter how workers are assigned to pouring the cement. Others, like building roads or software, grow or shrink in their durations, depending on the people and resources applied to them.
Tip: To speed things up, add the Task Type column to a sheet view. Right-click on a column heading and then click Insert Column. How task types change your schedule
A real-world example of controlling the timing of tasks Project uses a scheduling formula that relates the three
values of work, duration, and assignment units: Work = Duration x Units Setting a task’s type allows you to “fix” (or make unchangeable) one of these values. Fixing one of the values places a priority on that value by telling Project not to change it when the other two values change. This applies to both automatically and manually scheduled tasks. Here’s a handy table to help keep all the moving parts of the scheduling formula in mind. In a If you revise units If you revise duration If you revise work Fixed units task Duration is recalculated. Work is recalculated. Duration is recalculated. Fixed work task Duration is recalculated. Units are recalculated. Duration is recalculated. Fixed duration task Work is recalculated. Work is recalculated. Units are recalculated. Let’s look at the three task types more closely. Fixing one of these values gives you powerful control over your schedule. But before you read on, make sure you understand the difference between the three pillars of Project scheduling: work, duration, and units and how they relate to each other. For a quick refresher read
How Project schedules tasks: Behind the scenes. People stumble over this all the time, so don’t be discouraged if you don’t get it right away. Mastering it will help grow your expertise as a project manager once you understand how to control task durations with task types. The table below summarizes the task type and the impact on
the schedule. Task type Impact on schedule Fixed units This setting assumes the number of people assigned to the task (units) is known and you don’t want it to change, even if duration changes. When the work changes on a task, the duration changes, but not the number of people. This task types reflects most task realities in any project. Example: You have one person assigned to write a report that should take only two hours to write. If you decide that the reality of work on this report is that the two hours needs to be
spread over two days on the calendar, you can change the duration to two days—without changing the number of people assigned to write the report. After all, you probably don’t want more than two people writing the report anyway. In other words, you want the number of units (the one person) to stay the same. Note: This is the setting Project typically places on tasks. To change this default setting, click File > Options > Schedule, then select a
different task type in the Default Task Type list. Fixed work This setting assumes work doesn’t change, even after changing durations or adding people. Use this setting if you want to control the duration of tasks by adding or removing people. Example: It takes 300 hours to design a large garden as part of a housing project. And you want the garden built as soon as possible, so you start assigning more gardeners to the job (task). The duration of the garden task will decrease as you add more people. Note: You
can’t change the Effort driven setting for a fixed-work task. Project doesn’t consider fixed work tasks to have flexible work values and are therefore always effort-driven. You can change the effort driven setting for task types. Fixed duration This setting assumes duration doesn’t change, even when more people are assigned to the task. Use this setting if you have a duration in mind for a task before you know other information about the task. Example : A weekly status meeting might take an hour. Set this task to fixed-duration, otherwise as you assign people to the task, the duration of the meeting will decrease. And we all know, adding people to meetings isn’t likely to decrease their length
(it could even make them longer!) Top of Page The following three scenarios demonstrate the ripple effect (and thus control) that task types have over
the timing of tasks throughout the schedule. Let's say you have a fixed-units task, with 1 full-time person available for 8 hours a day. Further, you’ve set the task up with a 10-day duration and 80 hours of work. What you change What Project does Add a full-time resource Project recalculates the task's duration. The task now has 2 units assigned, with a 5-day duration and 80 hours of work. Increase the duration If you have 8 days to complete the task rather than 10, Project recalculates the task's work. The task now has an 8-day duration, with 64 hours of work, and 1 resource unit. Change the work If the task will take 20 hours of additional work, Project recalculates the task's duration. The task now has 100 hours of work, with a duration of 12.5 days, and 1 resource unit. Now you make the same task a fixed-work task. This means that the task can take only the amount of work you specify: no more, no less. Remember, the task has 1 full-time person available for 8 hours a day, and it has a 10-day duration with 80 hours of work. What you change What Project does Add a full-time resource Project recalculates the task's duration. The task now has 2 units assigned, with a 5-day duration and 80 hours of work. Increase the duration If you have 8 days to complete the task rather than 10, Project recalculates the task's resource units. In order to get the task done in 80 hours over 8 days, 1.25 resource units must be assigned. The resource unit that is currently assigned to the task is over allocated at 125%. You need to assign another person to account for the additional 25% allocation. Change the work If the task will take 20 hours of additional work, Project recalculates the task's duration. The task now has 100 hours of work, with a duration of 12.5 days and 1 resource unit. Finally, let's say you make the same task a fixed-duration task. This means that the task must be completed in the duration you specify. Again, the task has 1 full-time person available for 8 hours a day, and it has a 10-day duration with 80 hours of work. What you change What Project does Add a full-time resource Project recalculates the work assigned to each resource. When just 1 person was assigned to the task, that resource had 80 hours of work to complete. When you assign another person to the task, each resource has 40 hours of work to complete over the same 10-day duration, for a total of 80 hours of work. By adding another resource unit, you also revise the allocation of both units to 50%, making them both available to work 50% on other tasks. Increase the duration If you have 8 days to complete the task rather than 10, Project recalculates the task's work. The task now has an 8-day duration, with 64 hours of work, and 1 resource unit. Change the work If, the task will take 20 hours of additional work, Project recalculates the task's resource units, so that the additional work can still be completed within the 10-day duration. The task now has 100 hours of work, with a duration of 10 days and 1.25 resource units. The resource unit that is currently assigned to the task is over allocated at 125%. You need to assign another person to the task to account for the additional 25% allocation. Note: Because assignments of cost resources don't have values for work or units, these values will not be recalculated when the task's start date or finish date is modified. Dates are also never recalculated for a cost resource assignment, because you can’t modify the work or units. Top of
Page These instructions are specific to Microsoft Project 2007. Look closer into task types
Overview of task typesThe three task types used in Project are fixed units, fixed work, and fixed duration. Project uses fixed units by default. Each of the task types affects scheduling when you edit one of the three elements as follows.
Examples of how the task types change the numeric values Let's say you have a fixed-units task, with 1 full-time resource unit available for 8 hours each day. You set the task up with a 10-day duration and 80 hours of work.
Now let's say you make the same task a fixed-work task. This means that the task can take only the amount of work that you specify: no more, no less. In this example, the task has 1 full-time resource available for 8 hours each day, and it has a 10-day duration with 80 hours of work.
Finally, let's say you make the same task a fixed-duration task. This means that the task must be completed in the duration that you specify. Again, in this example, the task has 1 full-time resource available for 8 hours each day, and it has a 10-day duration with 80 hours of work.
Note: Because assignments of cost resources don't have values for work or units, these values will not be recalculated when the task's start date or finish date is modified. Dates also are never recalculated for a cost resource assignment, because you cannot modify the work or units. Top of Page Remove effort-driven scheduling from your tasksFor all tasks, after you assign a resource, the task is scheduled according to the formula Duration = Work / Units. For any task, you can choose which piece of the equation Project calculates by setting the task type. When you assign or remove people from a task, Project lengthens or shortens the duration of the task based on the number of resources that are assigned to it, but Project does not change the total work for the task. This is called effort-driven scheduling and is the default that Project uses when you assign resources to tasks. Although effort-driven scheduling can work in most scenarios, you may want to change this behavior to more accurately reflect what happens on a particular task when resources are added or removed. For example, you may want to see the total work increase as you add more people to a particular task. Note: You cannot remove effort-driven scheduling from fixed work tasks. Fixed work tasks do not have flexible work values, and are therefore always effort-driven.
When you work with effort-driven scheduling, keep the following in mind:
Change the task type
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