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What are the Big Five personality traits? (1 point)

conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, extraversion, dominance

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

sensation seeking, conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, dominance

neuroticism, psychoticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

efficacy, regard, extraversion, identification, and conscientiousness

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  1. Social Science
  2. Psychology

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Terms in this set (67)

According to Rotter, the key factors influencing a person's decision to act in a certain way in a particular circumstance are reinforcement value and:

locus of control.

Sophie has a chance to interview for a promotion at work. She is sure she will do poorly anyway, so she decides against it. Bandura would say that Sophie has:

low self-efficacy.

Gene believes that if his luck is good on the day of his final exam, he will do well. Gene likely has:

an external locus of control.

The Rorschach inkblot test

has neither right nor wrong answers, as the inkblots are ambiguous.

The MMPI-2

specifically tests for abnormal behavior patterns in personality.

Which of the "Big Five" factors of personality seems to be associated with increased volume in the medial orbitoprefrontal cortex area of the brain?

extraversion

___________ studies how much of an individual's personality is inherited.

Behavioral genetics

Adoption studies have:

confirmed what twin studies have shown about genetic influences on personality.

Sarah is shy, so she works hard to look nice all the time in hopes that people will like her. This is:

compensation.

During the genital stage, parents

are no longer the focus of the child's sexual urges.

Alfred Adler believed that the defense mechanism of compensation is used by individuals who:

are striving to become superior in some area of their life.

The process girls experience, with their father as the object of their affections and their mother as the rival, is called:

the Electra complex

The ego works on the

reality principle.

Cameron was adopted at birth, so now he's interested in studying the effects of adoption on child development. More specifically, Cameron wants to know if individual traits can be attributed more to genetics or to environmental conditions, like adoptive environments. Cameron is interested in the study of ________.

behavioral genetics

As Mario is filling out his income tax forms, he makes the decision not to report all of his income. He figures that it is okay because everyone cheats on their taxes; and besides, he needs the money more than the government does. Mario is exhibiting which defense mechanism?

rationalization

Larry believes that, in order to be a good citizen, he should vote in all elections, pay his taxes, and serve his community when asked. According to Carl Rogers, Larry is describing his _______ self.

ideal

While on a dinner date, John tells the waitress that he'd like to order a number "sex." Freud would more than likely propose that John's misstatement was a product of his _______ mind.

unconscious

Maurice has parents who support him no matter what. They continually show him nothing but love, respect, and affection, expecting nothing in return. Carl Rogers might say that Maurice's parents are demonstrating _______.

unconditional positive regard

Temperament refers to

the enduring characteristics with which each person is born

Personality may be defined as the sum total of who you are and the unique ways that you think, feel, and:

act.

Trait theories differ from other theories of personality development in that they:

are less concerned with how personality develops than they are with describing personalities and the actions that result from them.

Cattell's personality questionnaire is based on

16 source traits.

Rogers believed that ______________ was vital to a person's ability to achieve self-actualization.

unconditional positive regard

Some believe that humanistic theory is

more of a philosophical view than a psychological explanation.

According to the humanistic view, internal conflict can be avoided by:

having a realistic view of one's real self.

Shortly after her daughter is born, Anna's 3-year-old son wants to start sleeping in the crib again. This is an example of:

regression

The __________ differs from the other perspectives of personality theory in its basic goals.

trait perspective

Marjorie took a personality test in April. She took the same test in June and got a very similar score. This personality test is:

reliable

When assessing personality, trait theorists are most likely to use:

personality inventories

After being asked to describe his ex-girlfriend, Ted noted that she was loud, rude, indecisive, self-centered, and extremely picky. The characteristics Ted used to describe his ex-girlfriend would all be examples of what type of traits?

surface

"I believe that humans and animals are conditioned to react to the world around them, thus developing their personalities through learned, or habitual, behaviors." Which type of theorist is most likely to make this statement?

behaviorist

Theo is 6 years old and is about to enter first grade. With his sexual interests repressed, he is ready to begin developing social relationships and intellectual skills. Theo is in what stage of Freud's developmental theory?

latency

You are shown a picture of a pink fuzzy cloud and asked to describe what you see. The type of personality assessment that you are most likely involved in is a(n) ________.

projective test

Social cognitive learning theorists hold that ___________ can lead to the formation of patterns of personality.

observational learning

The acronym _____ can be used to remember the core personality trait dimensions of the Big Five model.
OCEAN

OCEAN

Devon is taking a personality test that includes a long list of questions. For each question, Devon must choose from a limited set of answers. Devon is taking a:

personality inventory.

Jim constantly worries that he will get bad grades, that he will be late for work, or that something bad will happen to his loved ones. He is often edgy and snaps at his friends. He is likely to be a high scorer on which dimension of the Big Five?

neuroticism

According to Cattell's 16PF self-report inventory, someone scoring near the "reserved" end of the "reserved/outgoing" dimension would be more _______ than someone scoring in the middle or at the opposite end.

introverted

many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg. If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska, what part of the mind would you see above the water

ego

information that cannot be recalled even when a person makes a determined effort to retrieve it would be said by Freud to be raising in the ____

unconscious

n Freud's theory, the ____ operates according to the pleasure principle

id

according to Freud, the last component of an individuals personality to develop is the

superego

what is Freud's term for the executive of the personality that has a realistic plan for the obtaining gratification of an individuals desires

ego

Freud called the developmental stage in which the Oedipus/Electra complex occurs during the

phallic stage

Freud believed that the personality characteristics of overeating, gum chewing, being too dependent, or overly optimistic developed due to fixation during the ____

oral stage

which neo-freudian viewed personality disturbances as resulting from the feelings of inferiority all people share

alfred Alder

Karen Horney disagreed with Freud about the unconscious force that influences behavior. She believed the force was not sexual desire but rather ____

basic anxiety

What is not a current criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory

the significant impact it has had on culture

Albert Bandura's notion that people are affected by their environment but can also influence that environment is known as ______

reciprocal determinism

A baseball player's son is quite talented; he has received lots of rewards over the years. When he gets up to bat he expects to get hit, and when he is in the field he expects to make every catch. According to Bandura, what characteristics does this young man to seem to have?

self-efficacy

_____ theory is called the third force in personality theory

humanistic

in Carl Roger's theory, our perception of our abilites, behaviors, and characteristics is known as ______

self-concept

What represents an example of unconditional positive regard

a parent telling his son he loves him even though he just wrecked the family car

what did Gordon Allport think about traits

He thought they were wired into the nervous system.

how many source traits did Raymond Cattell discover through the process of factor analysis

16

What psychoanalytic theorist most notably influenced the Big Five theory of personality?

Jung

The fact that an outgoing extravert might be very talkative at a party but very quiet at a funeral is an example of

trait-situation interaction

what major conclusion about personality traits emerged from the Minnesota twin study

identical twins are more similar than any other type of sibling

what country would not be considered a collectivist country according to the studies by Geert Hofsrede

united states

what term describes the cultural personailty of the united states according to Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality

high in individualism

what is not considered a disadvantage in the use of interviews fro personality assessment

natural flow of the questions

what personality test relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality

rorschach

what is not the criticism of projective tests

they a projection of the person's unconscious concern

direct observation is most like _____

naturalistic observation

the most commonly used personality inventory is the ______

MMPI-2

what is an advantage to using personality inventories

they are standardized

a personality test that results in statements that are so general that they could apply to just about anyone is a good example of _____

the barnum effect

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Verified questions

QUESTION

The process by which rods and cones change electromagnetic energy into neural messages is called a. adaptation. b. accommodation. c. parallel processing. d. transduction. e. perceptional setting.

Verified answer

PSYCHOLOGY

Choose the letter of the correct term or concept below to complete the sentence. a. motivation b. need c. drive d. incentive e. lateral hypothalamus (LH) f. ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) g. fundamental needs h. psychological needs i. self-actualization needs j. emotion. The need to belong and to give and receive love are part of an individual’s __________.

Verified answer

QUESTION

Mnemonic devices are least likely to be dependent upon which of the following? a. Imagery. b. Acronyms. c. Rhymes. d. Chunking. e. Massed rehearsal.

Verified answer

PSYCHOLOGY

The definition of psychology changed as the field evolved during the early years. Why did John B. Watson object to the definition preferred by Wundt, Titchener, and James? What group of psychologists did Watson’s ideas influence? How did Watson redefine psychology?

Verified answer

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Related questions

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According to the elaboration likelihood model, what are the different routes of persuasion?

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Which theory suggests that being exposed to another race or culture will reduce the amount of animosity towards that group:

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What are characteristics of the dimension added by the HEXACO model to the Five-Factor Model?

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The higher an individual rates in psychoticism, the less likely he or she is to express religious views or attend religious services. Why is the most likely for this?

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Which personality tests rely on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality?

Many people have heard of the famous Rorschach test, also called the Rorschach inkblot test, in which a person is asked to describe what they see in ambiguous inkblot images.

Which personality test relies on the interpretation of ambiguous story images to understand personality?

The Thematic Apperception Test, or TAT, is a type of projective test that involves describing ambiguous scenes. Popularly known as the "picture interpretation technique," it was developed by American psychologists Henry A. Murray and Christina D. Morgan at Harvard University in the 1930s.

Which personality test relies on a subject telling stories?

The Rorschach consists of a set of inkblots to which the respondent provides responses. It is most commonly scored by the Exner system, and seems to provide information that is different from that provided by more structured personality tests. The TAT consists of a set of pictures to which the respondent tells stories.

How are objective personality tests different from projective personality tests?

The objective test requires the respondent to make a particular response to a structured set of instructions (e.g., true/false, yes/no, or the correct answer). The projective test is given in an ambiguous context in order to afford the respondent an opportunity to impose his or her own interpretation in answering.