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Hơ  O IELTS L cho người mới bắt đầu Từ cơ bản đến nâng cao ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER IELTS THANH LOAN L

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Hơ  O

IELTS L cho người mới bắt đầu

Từ cơ bản đến nâng cao

ETRAIN ENGLISH CENTER IELTS THANH LOAN

LỜI MỞ ĐẦU Chào bạn, Mình là / www.facebook.com/thanhloan.ielts , hiện đang là giáo viên dạy IELTS Online và đồng thời dạy Offline tại Hà Nội. Trong suốt thời gian dạy IELTS, mình thấy có những bạn rất giỏi Listening, do có thói quen xem phim, nghe nhạc, nghe các video tiếng Anh ... trong nhiều năm. Chính vì thế, khi tiếp xúc vào bài thi IELTS Listening, các bạn chỉ mất 1 thời gian gắn để làm quen với cấu trúc bài thi và có thể rinh về điểm số rất cao. Ngược lại, có những bạn vì ít tiếp xúc với việc nghe tiếng Anh trước đó nên khá vất vả với phần IELTS Listening test, từ phương pháp cho đến tài liệu khi mới bắt đầu học nghe. Vậy nên, mình đã bắt tay biên soạn cuốn Hướng dẫn học IELTS Listening cho người mới bắt đầu nhằm mục đích giúp các bạn mới chập chững làm quen với IELTS Listening sẽ có một lộ trình học đúng và thông minh. Mục đích của cuốn sách này đó là: Giúp bạn tìm hiểu tất tần tật những thông tin bạn cần về IELTS Listening Trang bị chiến thuật làm bài, linh hoạt kỹ năng xử lý các dạng câu hỏi khác nhau [note-taking, loại trừ, đoán trước cạm bẫy, dự đoán đáp án, kiểm tra ngữ pháp, tránh sai chính tả..] Hơn 100 bài nghe từ dễ đến khó, kèm file nghe, đáp án và tapescript rất rất chi tiết / drive.google.com/drive/folders/1uCwewZq0oshS-j2rMxSnkaHXQN3E-dEu

Có rất nhiều nguồn nghe miễn phí trên mạng, nhưng điểm khó cho người mới bắt đầu học là không hiểu hết nội dung bài nghe, ngại tra từ mới sau mỗi bài nghe. Chính vì thế mình muốn giúp các bạn giải chỉ rõ vị trí thông tin chứa đáp án và cung cấp từ mới trong toàn bộ bài nghe, cùng với những kỹ năng nghe hiệu quả. Mình chắc chắn rằng dù bạn nghe tiếng Anh kém, bạn có thể sử dụng cuốn Ebook này.

IELTS Thanh Loan

LỜI MỞ ĐẦU Để biên soạn cuốn sách này, mình có tham khảo một số đầu sách của nhà xuất bản IELTS Cambridge, bao gồm: Bộ sách Complete IELTS band 4-5, 5.5-6.5 và 6.5-7.5; Bộ IELTS Cambridge Practice Test, cuốn Basic IELTS Listening.... Đó đều là các nguồn tài liệu chuẩn, sát thật nhất. Trong quá trình biên soạn, chắc hẳn còn nhiều thiếu sót và không tránh khỏi 1 số lỗi sai. Mọi ý kiến đóng góp xin được gửi về hòm mail [emailprotected] Mình xin chân thành cảm ơn và mong nhận được sự ủng hộ của các bạn! Thanh Loan

IELTS Thanh Loan

BẠN LÀ NGƯỜI MỚI BẮT ĐẦU HỌC IELTS? Đối với IELTS, việc tự học thực sự rất khó khăn vì: - Có quá nhiều thứ phải học: Từ vựng, Ngữ pháp, Phát âm, Nghe, Đọc, Nói . và khi đi vào 1 vấn đề cụ thể, lại càng có 1 đống kiến thức cần học - IELTS Khó quá, với quá nhiều kỹ năng bạn cần thành thạo, quá nhiều câu hỏi bạn cần chuẩn bị. Vậy nên, mình đề xuất 02 hướng đi cho bạn như sau: Học IELTS Offline tại Hà Nội: - Đăng ký khoá học IELTS Overall của Thanh Loan tại Hà Nội - Bạn chỉ cần học theo hướng dẫn của mình, sử dụng tài liệu của mình, được mình hỗ trợ từ A đến Z cho đến khi bạn thi đạt mục tiêu //ielts-thanhloan.com/khoa-hoc-ielts-overall/ Học IELTS Online ở bất cứ nơi đâu: - Bắt đầu với khoá Pre IELTS Online để củng cố lại ngữ pháp chuyên biệt cho bài thi IELTS [nếu nền tảng tiếng Anh của bạn chưa tốt] - Học khoá IELTS Online 4 kỹ năng với những bài học dưới dạng video, truy cập không giới hạn thời gian và vị trí địa lý, đảm bảo kiến thức cô đọng xúc tích và học phí tiết kiệm tối đa - Học và thực hành cùng bộ Ebook 4 kỹ năng, trong đó có: 04 cuốn dành riêng cho những người mới bắt đầu học IELTS [band 4.0-5.0] 04 cuốn dành riêng cho quá trình luyện đề IELTS sát thật, tỉ lệ trúng tủ cao [5.0 7.5] - Dịch vụ chữa bài chất lượng và tỉ mỉ cùng với những feedbacks thực sự đáng giá, giúp bạn nhận ra điểm yếu sau mỗi bài thực hành //online.ielts-thanhloan.com/

IELTS Thanh Loan

BẠN LÀ NGƯỜI MỚI BẮT ĐẦU HỌC IELTS? Bạn có rất nhiều trung tâm, thầy cô dạy IELTS khác nhau, nhưng phương châm hoạt động của IELTS Thanh Loan là:

Chất lượng hàng đầu Hãy trải nghiệm Và mình chắc chắn không làm bạn thất vọng! Thanh Loan

IELTS Thanh Loan

MỤC LỤC Chương I: Thông tin cơ bản về IELTS Listening................................................01 Chương II: Kỹ thuật, Phương pháp và Lộ trình...............................................09 1. Kỹ thuật nghe..........................................................................................................09 a. Kỹ thuật dự đoán đáp án...............................................................................09 b. Kỹ thuật nghe từ đồng nghĩa và paraphrase................................................20 2. Phương pháp nghe...................................................................................................23 a. Phương pháp nghe chép chính tả..................................................................23 b. Phương pháp nghe Repetition......................................................................27 3. Lộ trình nghe...........................................................................................................29 a. Luyện theo từng dạng câu hỏi.......................................................................29 b. Luyện đề........................................................................................................36

IELTS Thanh Loan

MỤC LỤC Chương III. Các dạng câu hỏi điển hình [Kèm thực hành]..............................39 Dạng 1: Nghe Letters and Numbers...........................................................................39 a. Kiến thức b. Bài tập thực hành Dạng 2: Form Completion...........................................................................................58 a. Kiến thức b. Bài tập thực hành Dạng 3: Map Labelling................................................................................................82 a. Kiến thức b. Bài tập thực hành Dạng 4: Short answer question.................................................................................109 a. Kiến thức b. Bài tập thực hành Dạng 5: Diagram/Flow-chart Labelling...................................................................125 a. Kiến thức b. Bài tập thực hành Dạng 6: Note/ Table/ Sentence Completion..............................................................148 a. Kiến thức b. Bài tập thực hành Dạng 7: Multiple choice.............................................................................................181 a. Kiến thức b. Bài tập thực hành Dạng 8: Matching......................................................................................................205 a. Kiến thức b. Bài tập thực hành Dạng 9: Summary Completion.................................................................................222 a. Kiến thức b. Bài tập thực hành

IELTS Thanh Loan

MỤC LỤC Key............................................................................................................................236 Dạng 1: Nghe Letters and Numbers.........................................................................236 Dạng 2: Form Completion.........................................................................................252 Dạng 3: Map Labelling..............................................................................................286 Dạng 4: Short answer question.................................................................................308 Dạng 5: Diagram/ Flow-chart Labelling..................................................................335 Dạng 6: Note/ Table/ Sentence Completion..............................................................366 Dạng 7: Multiple choice.............................................................................................423 Dạng 8: Matching......................................................................................................462 Dạng 9: Summary Completion.................................................................................490

IELTS Thanh Loan

CHƯƠNG

I

Thông tin cơ bản về IELTS Listening

Với chương sách đầu tiên, bạn sẽ nhận được thông tin về: - Cấu trúc một bài thi IELTS Listening, bao gồm có: thời gian của bài thi, tổng số câu hỏi, độ khó của các câu hỏi, các dạng câu hỏi, cùng nhiều thông tin cơ bản khác - Cách tính điểm bài thi IELTS Listening

IELTS Thanh Loan

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1.

Cấu trúc bài thi IELTS Listening

Trước khi bước và luyện đề, hãy đảm bảo rằng bạn đã nắm được tất cả các thông tin về Cấu trúc bài thi IELTS Listening. Về thời gian làm bài thi IELTS Listening: Tổng thời gian cụ thể của một bài thi IELTS Listening là khoảng 40 phút, trong đó bạn sẽ có: - Khoảng 30 phút cho bài nghe - 10 phút để chuyển đáp án vào tờ Answer Sheet - Thời gian thi của kỹ năng Listening là vào khoảng từ 9.00 - 9.40 sáng của ngày thi chính Chỉ có duy nhất 1 bài thi IELTS Listening, dù cho mục đích của bạn khác nhau - Có 2 hình thức bài thi: là General Training [bài thi Tổng quát] và Academic [bài thi Học thuật]. - Hình thức thi General Training nhằm để phục vụ cho những bạn có mục đích đi làm việc, định cư ở các nước sử dụng tiếng Anh là ngôn ngữ chính. - Hình thức thi Academic nhằm để phục vụ cho những bạn có mục đích đi học ở các nước sử dụng tiếng Anh, hay thậm chí là học trong nước. - Tuy nhiên, đối với bài thi Listening này, bài thi cho cả hai hình thức Tổng quát và Học thuật là hoàn toàn giống nhau. Cấu trúc bài thi IELTS Listening - Một bài thi Listening gồm 4 sections, với mỗi section gồm 10 câu hỏi, như vậy sẽ có tổng số 40 câu hỏi cần trả lời - Section 1: một cuộc hội thoại gồm 2 người nói về một tình huống giao tiếp hàng ngày, trả lời câu hỏi từ 1 đến 10. Ví dụ như: một cuộc hội thoại đặt phòng khách sạn - Section 2: một cuộc độc thoại về một chủ đề giao tiếp hàng ngày, thường là giới thiệu 1 địa điểm nào đó, trả lời câu hỏi từ 11 đến 20. Ví dụ như: Induction talk for new apprentices - Buổi hướng dẫn cho các thực tập sinh mới

IELTS Thanh Loan

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- Section 3: một cuộc hội thoại gồm 3 đến 4 người nói về một chủ đề học thuật, thảo luận về một bài thuyết trình, bài tập lớn ., trả lời câu hỏi từ 21-30. Ví dụ như: Purpose of childrens literature - Mục đích của các tác phẩm văn học cho trẻ con - Section 4: một cuộc độc thoại dạng bài thuyết trình về một chủ đề học thuật, trả lời câu hỏi từ 31-40 Ví dụ như: Marine renewable energy - bài thuyết trình về Năng lượng tái chế dưới biển Độ khó tăng dần - Độ khó của bài thi Listening tăng dần theo từng section, nhưng cũng có khi section 3 khó hơn section 4 - Do nội dung của 2 sections đầu tiên xoay quanh những chủ đề đời sống hàng ngày còn nội dung của 2 sections cuối xoay quanh các vấn đề học thuật, nên lượng từ vựng xuất hiện ở sections 3 4 khó hơn so với sections 1 2 - Ở sections 3 và 4, các thông tin được đưa ra nhiều hơn để giăng bẫy thí sinh, và tốc độ nói cũng nhanh hơn so với sections 1 và 2

Có 09 dạng câu hỏi phổ biến trong bài thi Listening - Letters and Numbers - Form Completion - Summary Completion - Map Labelling - Short Answer Question - Diagram/Flow Chart Completion - Note/Table/Sentence Completion - Multiple Choice - Matching Các dạng câu hỏi sẽ được mô tả và hướng dẫn chi tiết ở Chương III của cuốn sách.

IELTS Thanh Loan

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Cách sử dụng Listening Answer Sheet - Phiếu trả lời IELTS Listening

IELTS Thanh Loan

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Cùng phân tích qua một vài thông tin xuất hiện trong tờ Answer Sheet này nhé! Write your test centre number

Write the date of the test

Write your name in capital letters Write your candidate number

- Candidate name [là tên thí sinh]: nhớ tên của bạn được phải được viết hoa và không dấu. Ví dụ: NGUYEN THANH LOAN - Candidate number [là số báo danh thí sinh]: gồm 6 số, mỗi số được điền vào một ô tách biệt. Số báo danh này bạn sẽ được xem trước khi vào phòng thi. - Centre number [là số hiệu trung tâm]: gồm 5 số, mỗi số được điền vào một ô tách biệt. Số này sẽ được cung cấp trên máy chiếu của phòng thi. - Test date [là ngày thi]: bạn sẽ điền ngày thi của mình theo: ngày tháng năm. Ví dụ: 01 01 2019. - Đáp án cho bài thi IELTS Listening sẽ được điền vào các ô từ 1 đến 40 tương ứng Một số lưu ý khác - Bạn phải làm bài thi Listening bằng bút chì, các loại bút khác đều bị tính là phạm quy và đương nhiên là không được tính điểm. Bút chì sẽ được phát bởi tổ chức thi - Bạn có thể viết chữ thường hoặc chữ in hoa trong tờ đáp án, cả hai đều được tính điểm. Ví dụ: SPORT = sport - IELTS Listening là kỹ năng thi đầu tiên trong số 3 kỹ năng: bắt đầu từ bài thi IELTS Listening sau đó đến IELTS Reading và cuối cùng là IELTS Writing. - Bạn được đeo tai nghe để thực hiện bài thi IELTS Listening - Bạn chỉ được nghe 1 lần duy nhất cho tất cả các phần thi từ Section 1 đến Section 4

IELTS Thanh Loan

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2. Cách tính điểm IELTS Listening Dưới đây là Bảng tính điểm cho bài thi IELTS Listening của cả hai hình thức thi là Học thuật và Tổng quát cụ thể cho từng band điểm.

Listening [Academic & General Training] Correct answer

Band score

39-40 37-38 35-36 33-34 30-32 27-29 23-26 20-22 16-19 13-15 10-12 7-9 5-6 3-4

9.0 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5

IELTS Thanh Loan

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Do cả hai hình thức General Training và Academic có chung bài thi, nên cách tính điểm của cả hai hình thức này cũng giống nhau. Ví dụ 1: Nếu bạn target điểm bài thi IELTS Listening của mình là 6.0, thì bạn cần đạt được từ 23-26 câu trả lời đúng trong tổng số 40 câu hỏi. Ví dụ 2: Tuy nhiên, nếu bạn đặt target cao hơn, có thể ở mức 8.0, thì số câu trả lời đúng bạn cần đạt được trong tổng số 40 câu hỏi là 35-36 câu. Note: Theo như chia sẻ của một giám khảo chấm thi của IDP, câu hỏi trong các đề thi IELTS Listening đôi khi vẫn có sự chênh lệch về độ khó dễ, vì vậy để tạo sự công bằng, thì thang điểm chuyển đổi cũng sẽ có thay đổi tuỳ thuộc theo từng bài thi. Ví dụ, cùng là thang điểm 8.0 nhưng số câu trả lời đúng ở mỗi bài thi được tính khác nhau theo độ khó dễ của bài thi. Tuy nhiên, sự thay đổi số câu trả lời đúng đối với từng band điểm chỉ dao động lên xuống khoảng từ 1-2 câu, vì vậy mà Bảng tính điểm này vẫn là một nguồn đáng tin cậy để các bạn tính điểm cho bài thi IELTS Listening của mình. Như vậy, với cách tính điểm đã được miêu tả chi tiết cho từng band điểm như trong bảng trên, bạn đã có thể dễ dàng xác định được số câu trả lời cần đúng để đạt được số điểm target của mình rồi chứ? Sau khi đã nắm được hết các thông tin cơ bản về bài thi IELTS Listening rồi, hãy tiếp tục với hành trình chinh phục kỹ năng Listening của mình qua việc tìm hiểu các Kỹ thuật, Phương pháp cũng như Lộ trình cho mình nhé!

IELTS Thanh Loan

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GÓC GIỚI THIỆU KHOÁ HỌC/ DỊCH VỤ: Ebook Hướng dẫn học IELTS Listening cho người mới bắt đầu nên được sử dụng song song cùng với các ebook khác dành cho những bạn mới bắt đầu học IELTS. Việc phát triển đều cả 4 kỹ năng sẽ giúp bạn chuẩn bị tốt hơn cho bài thi và kiến thức từ kỹ năng này sẽ đồng thời bổ trợ, phát triển kỹ năng kia.

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IELTS Thanh Loan

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CHƯƠNG

II

1.

Kỹ thuật, Phương pháp và Lộ trình

Kỹ thuật nghe

a. Kỹ thuật dự đoán Trong bài thi IELTS Listening, việc dự đoán đáp án giúp không chỉ dễ dàng hơn trong việc theo dõi nội dung bài nghe, mà còn giúp dễ dàng bắt được từ vựng cần điền vào chỗ trống. Kỹ thuật dự đoán đáp án này chủ yếu được áp dụng cho dạng câu hỏi điền từ vào chỗ trống, cụ thể hơn là các dạng câu hỏi cho trước nội dung bài nghe và để trống một thông tin. Và nhiệm vụ của bạn là nghe và điền thông tin còn thiếu vào chỗ trống đó. Thông tin 1: Đoán từ loại cho chỗ trống cần điền Phần đa trong Listening Test, các đáp án thường được tồn tại dưới dạng: - Danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ - Động từ [động từ nguyên thể hoặc động từ dưới dạng Ving] - Tính từ - Trạng từ Đáp án trong Listening gần như không bao giờ tồn tại dưới dạng - Giới từ hoặc cụm giới từ - Mệnh đề

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Để xác định được từ loại cho chỗ trống cần điền, bạn có thể xét các trường hợp dưới đây: Trường hợp chỗ trống cần điền là một DANH TỪ: Loại Danh từ Danh từ không có s

Ví dụ

Các trường hợp a/ an/ much + ...

a book

[khi là noun không

sau mạo từ a là một noun đếm

đếm được/ đếm được số

được số ít

ít] is inaccurate information

be + adj + ...

trước adj inaccurate không có mạo từ nên sau nó sẽ là 1 noun không đếm được. Danh từ có s khi

several/ many/ a

many books

[là noun đếm được số

number

sau many là một danh từ đếm

nhiều]

range of +...

được số nhiều

Hoặc Danh từ có s

Từ sở hữu:

they are my parents.

hoặc Danh từ không

the/

có s

their/ our + ...

my/

of/

a

your/

she is my friend. sau tính từ sở hữu có thể là noun số ít hoặc số nhiều

a lot of/ some + ...

a lot of books a lot of work

S + verb + .. O...

sau a lot of có thể là noun số ít

[tân ngữ]

hoặc số nhiều They changes a factory/ factories sau động từ có thể là danh từ có s hoặc không s

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Loại Danh từ Danh từ chỉ người

Ví dụ

Các trường hợp work as + ...

work as a manager

[làm việc gì]

sau work as là danh từ chỉ người

take the position

took the position of a manager

/role of + ...

sau take the position là một

[tiếp quản vị trí

noun chỉ người

gì] be

given

the

was given the role of a manager

position /role of +

sau be given the role là một

... [được giao cho

noun chỉ người

vị trí gì]

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Trường hợp từ cần điền là một TÍNH TỪ: Ví dụ

Các trường hợp

She is intelligent [cô ấy thông minh]

BE + ...

sau động từ tobe là một adj She is incredibly intelligent [cô ấy rất

ADV + ...

thông minh] sau adv là một adj [A/AN/THE/Ø] + ... + NOUN

This is a thick book [đó là một cuốn sách dày] sau a và trước noun là một adj

THE + ...

They are the poor [họ là người nghèo]

[nhóm người]

Sau the là một adj

Trường hợp câu so sánh:

She is much taller than me [cô ấy cao hơn

[MUCH/

FAR/

A

LITTLE/

tôi]

SIGNIFICANTLY] + ... - ER +

Sau adv, trước than là một tính từ so

THAN

sánh [thêm đuôi -er, với adj ngắn]

[MUCH/

FAR/

A

LITTLE/

She is far more beautiful than me [cô ấy

SIGNIFICANTLY] + MORE ... +

xinh hơn tôi nhiều]

THAN

Sau more, trước than là một tính từ so sánh [ với adj dài]

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Trường hợp từ cần điền là một ĐỘNG TỪ: Ví dụ

Các trường hợp

She studies lazily [cô ấy học hành lười]

... + ADV

trước adv là một verb She is incredibly intelligent [cô ấy rất

... + ADJ

thông minh] trước adj là một adv Trường hợp ĐẶC BIỆT: Trường hợp đặc biệt ở đây áp dụng cho câu hỏi không chứa từ vựng nào giúp xác định được từ loại của chỗ trống cần điền. Ví dụ: Disadvantages of living in the city - polluted - ... không có từ nào giúp bạn xác định từ loại của từ vựng cần điền vào chỗ trống. Trong trường hợp này, bạn có thể dựa vào từ loại của các ý tương đương với chỗ trống cần điền vì các ý của các bullet point [dấu đầu dòng] sẽ có từ loại giống nhau. polluted là một adj

từ loại cần điền sẽ phải là một adj

Note: Bảng trên chỉ đề cập đến những trường hợp điển hình cho từng loại từ: noun, verb, adj, adv. Vì vậy, vẫn còn nhiều trường hợp khác chưa được đề cập mà bạn cần học khi luyện tập từng bài tập của dạng câu hỏi này.

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Thông tin 2: Đoán loại thông tin Loại thông tin cần tìm liên quan đến chủ đề gì, nói về cái gì, có thể là đáp án nào ... Để xác định được loại thông tin cần điền, bạn sẽ cần quan sát: - Thông tin xung quanh chỗ trống hoặc được cung cấp ở câu hỏi - Chủ đề của bài nghe [do tiêu đề của bài nghe hoặc các từ xung quanh] - Giới hạn từ được cung cấp ở câu hỏi Dựa vào GIỚI TỪ đứng trước chỗ trống cần điền Nếu trước chỗ trống cần điền là một giới từ, bạn hoàn toàn có thể đoán được thông tin cần điền vào chỗ trống đó theo bảng dưới đây: Prep

Các thông tin có thể đứng sau

[Giới từ]

prep

AT

chỉ một thời điểm cụ thể

Ví dụ

at 6 p.m; at noon; at night; at the weekend

chỉ một kỳ nghỉ

at Christmas; at Easter

chỉ một địa điểm cụ thể

at home; at the station; at the cinema; at the theatre

chỉ nơi làm việc, học tập

IN

at work; at school

chỉ một khoảng thời gian dài: in October; in Summer; in 2019; tháng, mùa, năm, thế kỷ

in the 20th century

các buổi trong ngày

in the morning; in the afternoon

khoảng thời gian bao lâu để làm gì in one week; in one hour chỉ vị trí bên trong

in the room; in the park

chỉ phương hướng

in the south; in the middle

chỉ một đất nước

in Vietnam

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Prep

Các thông tin có thể đứng sau

[Giới từ]

prep

ON

Ví dụ

một ngày trong tuần, ngày tháng on Sunday; on 25th June/ on trong năm, một ngày lễ

June 25th; on Christmas Day/ on Easter Day

WITH

chỉ vị trí

on the left; on the right

chỉ vị trí trên bề mặt

on the table

làm gì cùng với ai

with Minh/ his father

chỉ sự sở hữu [mang nghĩa là có]

[a computer] with a memory

chỉ một tác nhân [công cụ để làm [see it] with a microscope gì] Ví dụ: Industrial workers found coffee helped them to work AT ..... [Công nhân ngành công nghiệp nhận thấy rằng cafe giúp họ có thể làm việc .....] Với giới từ AT trước chỗ trống cần điền, mà cafe thì thường giúp chúng ta tỉnh táo khi nào? Có thể là at NIGHT vào ban đêm chẳng hạn

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Dựa vào TỪ XUNG QUANH chỗ trống cần điền Nếu câu hỏi chứa từ khóa [keyword] thì chúng ta khá dễ đoán được thông tin chỗ trống cần điền Ví dụ: Age [tuổi]: .... dễ dàng đoán được thông tin cần điền phải là số tuổi Một số từ khóa giúp bạn dễ dàng đoán được thông tin cần điền vào chỗ trống: Ví dụ thông tin cần điền

Từ khóa Name [tên]

cần nghe tên như Lan, John

Age [tuổi]

cần nghe tuổi như 25, 47

Country [quốc gia]

cần 1 tên nước như Vietnam, Japan

Nationality [quốc tịch]

cần

từ

vựng

về

quốc

tịch

như

Vietnamese, Japanese Hobbies [sở thích]

cần một sở thích nào đó như music, football

Price [giá]

chắc chắn sẽ là tiền được nhắc dưới dạng số như $10

Phone number [số điện thoại]

bạn sẽ cần nghe số điện thoại như 0123456789

Occupation/ Job [công việc]

đáp án sẽ là 1 nghề nghiệp như teacher, doctor, manager

Type of membership [loại thành

người ta có thể chia thành part-time,

viên]

full-time, permanent, temporary hoặc là thành viên vàng, bạc, đồng - gold, silver, bronze

Means of transport [phương tiện đi

đáp án sẽ là 1 loại xe cộ như car,

lại]

motorbike, bike hoặc là cách thức di chuyển như walking, cycling .....

.....

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Nếu câu hỏi chứa nội dung chính dễ đoán được thông tin chỗ trống cần điền Ví dụ 1: Tiêu đề của bài nghe là Sports World [thế giới thể thao] và câu hỏi là Shop specialises in equipment for ......... Câu hỏi được dịch là Cửa hàng thể thao chuyên về các đồ dùng thiết bị cho ......... và thông tin có thể là một môn thể thao nào đó, ví dụ như football, tennis, baseball ......... Ví dụ 2: Câu hỏi là They played an important part in social and ......... changes. Từ cần điền phải là 1 tính từ, bổ sung ý nghĩa cho từ changes và song song với social, mà chúng ta hay có câu kinh tế - văn hoá - xã hội, nên đáp án có thể là economic [kinh tế] hoặc cultural [xã hội] Note: Khi đi thi thật bạn sẽ không có nhiều thời gian để phân tích chi tiết như vậy. Tuy nhiên, nếu bạn dành nhiều thời gian luyện tập kỹ năng này ở nhà, bạn sẽ có được khả năng phản ứng nhanh hơn rất nhiều với đề thi khi thi thật đấy.

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Thông tin 3: Đoán các cạm bẫy trong bài nghe Đặc điểm của IELTS Listening là đáp án không bao giờ được cung cấp trực diện, mà bài nghe luôn đưa ra thông tin vòng vèo, nhằm đánh lừa người nghe.

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Library Information Example Answer 18 years Minimum joining age : ............

Cost to join per year [without current student card]: 3 £ ....................... - Số 3 cần điền một con số, chỉ phí tham gia 1 năm. Nhấn mạnh từ without current student card. - Bài nghe có thể cung cấp nếu mà có student card thì chi phí mỗi năm sẽ là bao nhiêu, còn nếu không có student card thì chắc hẳn chi phí sẽ cao hơn, là bao nhiêu đáp án sẽ là con số cao hơn về giá Number of items allowed: [members of public] 4 ....................... - Số 4 cần điền một con số, nói về số lượng items được mượn. Nhấn mạnh từ members of public - Bài nghe có thể đánh lừa thí sinh bằng cách nếu bạn là học sinh của trường/ hoặc thành viên của thư viện thì bạn sẽ được mượn bao nhiêu items nhưng nếu là người ngoài thì chỉ được mượn bao nhiêu items thôi đáp án có lẽ sẽ là con số thấp hơn Login times:

four weeks

Fines start at 5 £ ....................... - Câu 5 cần một số chỉ lượng tiền để nói hình phạt nếu mình mượn những items trên quá 4 tuần là gì. Nhấn mạnh ở từ start - Bài nghe có thể nói rằng mức phạt thấp nhất là A và cao nhất là B, trung bình là C chẳng hạn Đáp án phải là A vì câu hỏi đang nhấn mạnh mức phạt bắt đầu từ bao nhiêu Computers can be booked up to 6 ....................... hours in advance - Câu 6 cần điền 1 số để chỉ nếu muốn dùng máy tính, thì mình cần đặt trước bao lâu. Nhấn mạnh từ up to - Up to là tối đa, trong bài nói họ có thể nói đặt ít nhất là trước mấy giờ, mà không quá mấy giờ [no more than]

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b. Kỹ thuật nghe từ đồng nghĩa và paraphrase Thế nào là paraphrase Paraphrase là kỹ năng chìa khóa trong bài thi IELTS, cụ thể là đối với bài thi IELTS Listening, thông tin dùng để trả lời câu hỏi chính là các từ vựng đã được paraphrase từ câu hỏi. Paraphrase là viết lại 1 câu [sử dụng từ đồng nghĩa, hay cấu trúc khác ] mà không làm thay đổi nghĩa của câu gốc. Áp dụng trong bài thi IELTS Listening, thông tin trong bài nghe sẽ luôn paraphrase từ vựng được sử dụng trong câu hỏi. Một trong những cách paraphrase phổ biến trong kỹ năng nghe đó là sử dụng các từ vựng đồng nghĩa, vậy nên trước khi nghe, bạn hãy nên cố gắng đoán trước 1 số những từ đồng nghĩa với từ chìa khoá trong câu hỏi là gì, để có thể định hình cách paraphrase trong bài nghe. Ví dụ cách các từ vựng đồng nghĩa được sử dụng trong bài thi IELTS Listening để paraphrase một câu hỏi.

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Bản audio

Từ khóa His style was good

My overall style was quite professional

They didnt look at the audience

They didnt worry about keeping eye

enough

contact with their audience

After she gave her presentation,

When I finished I didnt feel any real

Hiroko felt dissatisfied

sense of satisfaction.

Sarah provides food and drinks

Sarah makes sure the visitors are kept fed and watered.

The

level

of

the

appropriate

materials should be more clearly

We need to label the level of the appropriate materials more clearly.

shown. Update the CD collection

The CD section needs to be more current.

Buy some workbooks and divide

Introduce some workbooks and break

them up.

them up into separate pages.

Speak to the teachers and organise

Talk to the teachers and make sure we

a timetable for supervising the

can reach some agreement on a timetable

centre.

to supervise the centre after class.

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Library Information Example Answer 18 years Minimum joining age : ............

Cost to join per year [without current student card]: 3 £ ....................... - Cost to join = each member has to pay - per year = annually = each/ every year Number of items allowed: [members of public] 4 ....................... - allow = you can borrow . Login times: four weeks Fines start at 5 £ ....................... - fines start at = the minimum fine level is . = fines range from to . Computers can be booked up to 6 ....................... hours in advance - up to = no more than - in advance = before you use it

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2.

Phương pháp nghe

Khi học bất cứ một môn học gì, bạn đều cần có phương pháp để việc học trở nên hiệu quả hơn. Đối với kỹ năng nghe này cũng vậy, bạn cũng cần một phương pháp luyện nghe riêng cho bản thân. Chúng ta có hai phương pháp luyện nghe cơ bản: - Nghe chép chính tả - Nghe lặp lại Phía dưới, bạn sẽ được chia sẻ cụ thể về cách thức luyện nghe theo từng phương pháp này và ưu nhược điểm của nó.

a. Phương pháp nghe chép chính tả Phương pháp luyện nghe thứ nhất là phương pháp nghe chép chính tả - phương pháp nghe phổ biến nhất. Định nghĩa phương pháp nghe chép chính tả Nghe chép chính tả là NGHE VÀ CHÉP LẠI tất cả thông tin bạn nghe được. Nghe theo phương pháp này tạo nên độ chính xác cao trong quá trình nghe. Đối tượng phù hợp Phương pháp luyện nghe này phù hợp với các bạn ở MỌI TRÌNH ĐỘ, tuy nhiên hiệu quả nhất là đối với những bạn với trình độ nghe còn kém, chỉ nghe hiểu được dưới 50% nội dung bài nghe. Nếu chỉ nghe 1 lần mà bạn đã hiểu được 60% bài nghe trở lên, bạn có hai sự lựa chọn: - Chuyển sang nguồn nghe khó hơn và thực hiện nghe chép chính tả - Vẫn sử dụng nguồn nghe này và chuyển sang phương pháp nghe lặp lại

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Các bước luyện nghe chép chính tả Bước 1: TÌM NGUỒN NGHE Đối với bước này, bạn cần phải lưu ý một số điểm: - Nguồn nghe phải phù hợp với trình độ hiện tại của bạn [bạn nghe 1 lần và hiểu 25% - 50% bài nghe thì đó là nguồn nghe thích hợp cho việc nghe chép chính tả] - Nguồn nghe có giọng phát âm tiếng Anh chuẩn, Anh - Anh hoặc Anh - Mỹ. Nếu bạn chưa biết cách phân biệt Anh - Anh và Anh - Mỹ, bạn có thể tìm những nguồn nghe chính thống nổi tiếng như BBC hoặc CNN. - Nguồn nghe đề cập đến chủ đề bạn hứng thú. Nếu bạn thích thể thao, hãy nghe và chép chính tả những bản tin thể thao . Việc chọn nguồn mình thích giúp bạn không bị oải, chán khi chép chính tả - Nguồn nghe có phụ đề hoặc transcript đi kèm [Transcript là phần ghi lại toàn bộ nội dung bài nghe]. Điều này rất quan trọng - Nguồn nghe có độ dài: từ 2-6 phút là tối đa, vì nếu bài nghe kéo dài 2 phút, bạn đã phải mất 1-2 tiếng để hoàn thành phần chép chính tả, và độ dài có thể lên đến 2 mặt giấy A4. Chọn nguồn nghe quá dài khiến bạn không thể đủ thời gian chép tất, nên hay bỏ giữa chừng Bước 2: NGHE VÀ CHÉP CHÍNH TẢ - Nghe theo từng cụm từ hoặc một câu, sau đó dừng bài nghe. Nếu bạn mới chép chính tả, có thể bạn chỉ nghe 2-5 giây rồi dừng lại để chép luôn. Nếu bạn đã luyện nghe chép chính tả nhiều, bạn có thể nghe cả mệnh đề hoặc 1 câu dài rồi mới dừng lại chép. - Chép lại tất cả những thông tin nghe được xuống giấy/ vở. - Nếu nghe lần 1 bạn còn sót thông tin, chưa nghe được cả mệnh đề hoặc cả câu, bạn có thể tua đi tua lại nhiều lần để nghe lại phần thông tin bị thiếu. - Cuối cùng, đối chiếu với transcript/ phụ đề với phần thông tin bạn chép và hoàn thành thông tin còn thiếu trong bản đã chép ra bằng một màu mực khác. Những thông tin bạn không nghe được có thể do bạn không viết từ đó, hoặc không biết phát âm, hoặc phát âm sai từ đó, hoặc chưa biết những nguyên tắc nối âm liên quan .. và đó chính là phần bạn cần cải thiện để nghe tốt hơn.

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Bước 3: TẬP ĐỌC THEO TRANSCRIPT VÀ THU ÂM - Nghe đi nghe lại bài, chú ý đến cách phát âm, trọng âm, nối âm và ngắt nghỉ của người bản xứ trong bài nghe - Hãy bắt chước theo giọng của họ theo từng câu, từng đoạn ngắn. Vừa bật file nghe, bạn vừa nhắc lại theo những câu văn của bài nghe, cố gắng ngắt nghỉ, nhấn nhá giống file nghe nhất. - Sau khi luyện bắt chước xong cả đoạn audio, thì ghi âm lại toàn bộ bài đọc của mình. Bước này đồng thời giúp bạn cải thiện cả phần Speaking và phát âm của mình. Ưu điểm và Nhược điểm của nghe chép chính tả Ưu điểm

Nhược điểm

Giúp nghe và hiểu thực sự nội dung

Cực kỳ oải nếu bạn không phải là người

của bài nghe

bền bỉ, vì việc chép chính tả tốn nhiều

Giúp mở rộng vốn từ vựng và cải

thời gian, nhàm chán và lặp đi lặp lại,

thiện điểm yếu về phát âm từng từ

đau tai, mỏi tay ....

riêng lẻ Giúp chỉnh sửa phát âm, trọng âm, và cả ngữ điệu Chính vì vậy, mặc dù phương pháp này phù hợp với mọi trình độ nhưng bạn phải thực sự là một người rất kiên nhẫn mới có thể luyện nghe theo phương pháp này được.

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Gợi ý một số nguồn phù hợp với luyện nghe chép chính tả //listen-and-write.com/ Đây là trang web được thiết kế dành riêng cho phương pháp luyện nghe chép chính tả, thay vì phải ghi chép ra giấy, bạn sẽ đánh máy nội dung nghe được. Website có một số đặc tính sau: - Nội dung xoay quanh những chủ đề xảy ra trong cuộc sống hàng ngày - Có đánh giá mức độ khó của mỗi bài nghe giúp bạn chọn nguồn nghe phù hợp - Độ dài của các video chỉ dao động từ 1 - 5 phút - Cung cấp phần trống để người nghe điền vào những thông tin nghe được - Và nhiều tính năng hỗ trợ khác //www.voicetube.com/ Website này cung cấp đầy đủ tính năng phù hợp cho việc luyện nghe chép chính tả. - Cung cấp các video luôn kèm theo transcript - Video phân theo trình độ: từ cơ bản [basic] đến nâng cao [advanced], nên nó phù hợp với các bạn ở mọi trình độ khác nhau - Video được ghi chú rõ giọng nói: là của Anh - Anh [UK], Anh - Mỹ [US], hay Anh Úc [AU] - Videos nói về đa dạng các chủ đề khác nhau: từ các chủ đề quen thuộc trong đời sống hàng ngày [như How I disciplined myself] đến những chủ đề học thuật hơn [như How Japans new imperial era can bring fresh hope] - Độ dài của các videos được phân loại rõ ràng: từ 3 phút, 3 - 5 phút, 5 - 10 phút cho đến hơn 10 phút. / www.ted.com/#/ Ted cũng cung cấp các tính năng tương tự với các tính năng có trong website Voicetube. Tuy nhiên, Ted có thêm một vài tính năng nổi bật nữa, đó là: - Đưa ra đề xuất những videos thuộc chủ đề mà bạn đăng ký ngay trong lần đăng nhập đầu tiên. - Chất lượng nội dung cực tốt bởi diễn giả là các giáo sư, nhà nghiên cứu hay chuyên gia về một lĩnh vực cụ thể nào đó. - Giao diện đẹp mắt đem lại cho người dùng một trải nghiệm thú vị. Bạn cũng có thể hoàn toàn nghe chép chính tả với chính những bài thực hành trong cuốn sách này. Các bài thực hành trong cuốn sách đều đảm bảo các tiêu chí của một nguồn nghe tốt, giúp bạn kết hợp cải thiện khả năng nghe và học IELTS.

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b. Phương pháp nghe Repetition Phương pháp luyện nghe thứ hai mà bạn cũng có thể xem xét đến đó là phương pháp Repetition, hay đơn giản hoá hơn là nghe lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần Định nghĩa phương pháp Repetition Nghe Repetition là NGHE ĐI NGHE LẠI một bài nghe nhiều lần. Không giống với nghe chép chính tả, bạn không cần chuẩn bị giấy bút và ghi chú lại tất cả thông tin mà bạn nghe được, việc của bạn chỉ là nghe một đoạn audio nhiều hơn một lần [có thể là 2/ 3 hay thậm chí là 5 lần] cho đến khi bạn nghe và hiểu hết được nội dung của bài nghe đó trong khả năng của bạn. Đối tượng phù hợp Phương pháp nghe Repetition sẽ phù hợp nếu bạn thuộc nhóm như sau: - Nghe 1 lần và hiểu được 60% nội dung bài nghe trở lên - Đang gặp khó khăn trong việc hiểu và phân tích thông tin kịp với tốc độ của bài nghe, hoặc khó khăn trong việc song song nghe và chọn đáp án thích hợp - Phù hợp hơn với giai đoạn luyện IELTS Listening theo dạng câu hỏi [sử dụng bài nghe trong cuốn sách này] hoặc là luyện đề IELTS Listening Các bước luyện nghe Repetition Bước 1: Nghe 1 lần duy nhất và đối chiếu đáp án - Đối chiếu với đáp án và đánh dấu những câu mình còn nghe sai Bước 2: Nghe lại nhiều lần - Bạn nghe đi nghe lại lần 2, lần 3 hoặc thậm chí nhiều hơn để kiểm tra lại nội dung bài nghe - Đặc biệt tua đi tua lại thông tin liên quan đến câu hỏi mình làm sai ở lần 1 để giải thích đáp án đúng đáng nhẽ ra là gì, mình đã chọn sai ở lần 1 vì sao Bước 3: Kiểm tra transcript - Đọc lại transcript hoặc phụ đề của bài nghe - Tra từ mới xuất hiện ở transcript, tra lại cách phát âm bạn chưa chắc chắn hoặc những điểm ngữ pháp bạn chưa rõ - Đồng thời đọc dịch lại nghĩa của transcript là gì

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Bước 4: Nghe và thưởng thức nội dung bài nghe - Hãy nghe lại bản audio đó một cách thoải mái bất cứ khi nào bạn để thời gian chết [như khi đi xe bus, đi thổi cơm, hay đi tắm ]. Điều đó không chỉ giúp bạn tận dụng được thời gian một cách hiệu quả, mà bạn còn có thể cải thiện được kỹ năng nghe của mình một cách đáng kể. Đây cũng là 1 cách ôn lại từ vựng bạn đã học ở bước 3 rất tự nhiên và dễ nhớ - Chỉ đơn thuần bật bài nghe để nghe hiểu nội dung, bạn không cần quan tâm đến câu hỏi và đáp án nữa. Ưu/ nhược điểm của phương pháp nghe Repetition - Phương pháp Repetition giúp bạn tăng phản xạ nghe [nghe và hiểu thông tin bài nghe với tốc độ nhanh hơn] nên rất phù hợp cho giai đoạn luyện tập IELTS. Điểm yếu nhất của nghe chép chính tả là giảm tốc độ phân tích thông tin khi nghe, và phương pháp Repetition giúp bạn xử lý vấn đề đó - Nghe Repetition giúp bạn tranh thủ thời gian nghe, không cần phải ngồi vào bàn để học nghe mà có thể nghe mọi lúc mọi nơi

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3.

Lộ trình nghe

Khi học bất cứ một môn học hay kỹ năng gì, bạn cũng cần có một lộ trình học cho riêng mình - một lộ trình thể hiện được rằng bạn sẽ bắt đầu từ đâu, luyện như thế nào, sử dụng phương pháp gì, và trong thời gian cụ thể là bao nhiêu Việc lập một lộ trình học giúp việc học trở nên khoa học [đi từ dễ đến khó, từ tổng quát đến chi tiết], trở nên hiệu quả, và tiết kiệm thời gian hơn.

a. Lộ trình luyện IELTS Listening Nên được chia thành 3 giai đoạn như sau: Giai đoạn 1: Tìm hiểu thông tin cơ bản của bài thi Rất đơn giản, thông tin về bài thi gồm có cấu trúc bài thi, các dạng câu hỏi hay cách tính điểm của bài thi ra sao . Bạn chỉ cần đọc chương I của cuốn sách này để nắm được những thông tin trên. Đặt mục tiêu cho bản thân. Mục tiêu nên chia thành những giai đoạn nhỏ, ví dụ như 3 tháng tới bạn sẽ đạt đến trình độ nào. Giai đoạn 2: Luyện tập theo dạng câu hỏi Mỗi dạng câu hỏi có các đặc điểm, sử dụng các nhóm từ vựng điển hình, và có cách thức tiếp cận riêng, vì vậy việc bắt đầu luyện nghe theo từng dạng câu hỏi là cách để bạn nắm chắc được các thông tin của từng dạng trước khi đi vào luyện nghe theo đề.

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Cụ thể, luyện nghe theo từng dạng câu hỏi được thực hiện như sau: - Tìm hiểu tất cả CÁC THÔNG TIN CƠ BẢN của từng dạng câu hỏi, sau đó lên thời gian biểu cụ thể cho từng dạng bài sao cho hợp lý. - NẮM CHẮC LÝ THUYẾT của từng dạng câu hỏi [đặc điểm, ngôn ngữ thường được sử dụng, cách thức tiếp cận, và một số tips nhỏ] - THỰC HÀNH các bài tập theo từng dạng câu hỏi [theo thứ tự từ bài dễ đến bài khó] đã được phân loại từ bài tập 1 đến bài tập cuối cùng trong mục bài tập thực hành xuất hiện sau phần lý thuyết của mỗi dạng. - Sau mỗi bài nghe, cần đối chiếu lại transcript xem mình sai ở đâu, PHÂN TÍCH LỖI SAI - giải thích lý do tại sao mình sai [có thể là do tốc độ audio nhanh, độ phân tích thông tin của bạn còn chậm, hay vì câu có chứa từ mới]. - GHI CHÚ LẠI TỪ MỚI [nghĩa của từ vựng kèm phát âm, và trọng âm từ], và các lỗi sai sau mỗi bài nghe. Hãy lên thời gian biểu cho từng dạng và theo dõi mức độ hoàn thành của mình sau mỗi một tuần trước khi tiếp tục với thời gian biểu cho tuần tiếp theo. Nhớ lập thời gian biểu theo nguyên tắc SPECIFIC - nguyên tắc chi tiết, lên một thời gian biểu thật chi tiết với từng nhiệm vụ rõ ràng được thực hiện trong một khung giờ hợp lý nhất với bạn.

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Dưới đây là một ví dụ cho việc lập thời gian biểu: Ví dụ: Thời gian biểu luyện nghe theo từng kỹ năng [với tổng thời gian là 9 tuần]: TUẦN 1: DẠNG 1 - Dạng Letters and Numbers Nhiệm vụ

Tuần 1

Thời gian

Kết quả

cụ thể

đạt được

Ngày 1

tìm hiểu lý thuyết

9 a.m - 11 a.m

Ngày 2

làm bài thực hành 1 + 2 + 3 sau đó

9 a.m - 11 a.m

30/100 câu

9 a.m - 11 a.m

34/ 100 câu

9 a.m - 11 a.m

35/ 100 câu

9 a.m - 11 a.m

37/ 100 câu

9 a.m - 11 a.m

40/ 100 câu

phân tích lỗi sai và ghi chú từ mới Ngày 3

làm bài thực hành 4 + 5 + 6 sau đó phân tích lỗi sai và ghi chú từ mới

Ngày 4

làm bài thực hành 7 + 8 + 9 sau đó phân tích lỗi sai và ghi chú từ mới

Ngày 5

làm bài thực hành 10 + 11 + 12 sau đó phân tích lỗi sai và ghi chú từ mới

Ngày 6

làm bài thực hành 13 + 14 + 15 sau đó phân tích lỗi sai và ghi chú từ mới

Ngày 7

tổng hợp lại các lỗi sai, từ mới của

9 a.m - 11 a.m

dạng 1

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TUẦN 2: DẠNG 1- Dạng Form Completion Nhiệm vụ

Tuần 1

Thời gian

Kết quả

cụ thể

đạt được

Ngày 1

tìm hiểu lý thuyết

9 a.m - 11 a.m

Ngày 2

làm bài thực hành 1 + 2 + 3 sau đó

9 a.m - 11 a.m

25/100 câu

9 a.m - 11 a.m

31/ 100 câu

9 a.m - 11 a.m

35/ 100 câu

9 a.m - 11 a.m

42/ 100 câu

9 a.m - 11 a.m

45/ 100 câu

phân tích lỗi sai và ghi chú từ mới Ngày 3

làm bài thực hành 4 + 5 + 6 sau đó phân tích lỗi sai và ghi chú từ mới

Ngày 4

làm bài thực hành 7 + 8 + 9 sau đó phân tích lỗi sai và ghi chú từ mới

Ngày 5

làm bài thực hành 10 + 11 + 12 sau đó phân tích lỗi sai và ghi chú từ mới

Ngày 6

làm bài thực hành 13 + 14 + 15 sau đó phân tích lỗi sai và ghi chú từ mới

Ngày 7

tổng hợp lại các lỗi sai, từ mới xuất

9 a.m - 11 a.m

hiện trong dạng 2

...... Tương tự với thời gian biểu cho các tuần tiếp theo Tại sao cần ghi chú lại kết quả đạt được sau mỗi bài nghe? - Bạn không chỉ phải ghi chú lại các lỗi sai và từ mới sau mỗi bài nghe mà còn phải ghi chú lại số câu hỏi trả lời đúng. Việc làm như vậy giúp bạn đánh giá được mức độ tiến bộ của mình qua từng ngày/ từng tuần và từng tháng.

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Giai đoạn 3: Luyện đề Sau khi hoàn thành xong 9 dạng câu hỏi, bạn tiếp tục bắt tay vào luyện đề với hai giai đoạn. Cách 1: Thực hành từng phần [từng Section] Hãy nghe từng phần trước khi nghe 1 bài thi đầy đủ vì: - Nếu bắt đầu bằng việc nghe 1 bài thi đầy đủ gồm 4 Sections [gần 40 phút], bạn rất dễ mất tập trung, không thể tập trung dẫn đến bỏ qua nhiều thông tin quan trọng và khá đau đầu vì chưa quen tập trung trong khoảng thời gian dài. - Hơn nữa, bắt đầu với việc nghe từng phần giúp bạn rút ra một số đặc điểm, lưu ý trong từng Section và đặt mục tiêu nhỏ cho từng section nhằm đạt kết quả mong muốn. Bạn cần lên một thời khóa biểu cụ thể cho giai đoạn này cũng như một bảng lưu ý kết quả cũng như những lỗi sai bạn mắc phải qua các bài thực hành Ví dụ: Thời khóa biểu thực hành Section 1 Thời gian Ngày 1

Đề thi Section 1 -

5/10

Section 1 -

- từ mới: cab [=taxi]/kæb/ - thiếu s: a set of pencils

Cam 7 Test 1 Ngày 2

Lưu ý

Kết quả

6/10

- brother-in-law /ˈbrʌð.ə.rɪn.lɔː/ [anh rể] là 1 từ

Cam 7 Test 2

- taking photos = taking photographs Ngày 3

Section 1 Cam 7 Test 3

6/10

- tên phòng thường kèm cả số lẫn chữ [H659 chứ không phải 8659]. H và 8 khác nhau ở ending sound

.... Tương tự với thời gian biểu cho những ngày luyện tập tiếp theo và 3 sections còn lại

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Cách 2: Thực hành 1 bài thi đầy đủ [gồm 4 Sections] Sau khi đã thích nghi được với từng Section, bạn cần cải thiện kỹ năng nghe của mình qua một giai đoạn khó khăn hơn, đó là: Nghe 1 bài thi IELTS Listening đầy đủ. Bạn phải thực hành nghe 1 bài đầy đủ để: Tăng thời gian tập trung - Như đã đề cập trước đó, việc nghe liền một lúc gần 40 phút khiến bạn khó tập trung vào nội dung của bài nghe. - Khi luyện tập 1 bài thi đầy đủ, bạn sẽ dần dần tăng khoảng thời gian tập trung của mình. Ước tính được điểm số hiện tại - Làm bài thi trong thời gian quy định, với những yêu cầu như trong phòng thi [không sử dụng từ điển] sau đó kiểm tra đáp án được cung cấp ở cuối sách. - So sánh với bảng mô tả điểm đã được nhắc đến trong chương I, quy đổi sang điểm số IELTS tương ứng để tiện theo dõi sự tiến bộ của mình cũng như đánh giá xem mình đã sẵn sàng đi thi hay chưa. Luôn nhớ lập thời khóa biểu cho mỗi giai đoạn nhất định! Nguyên tắc luyện kỹ năng nghe là Chất lượng hơn Số lượng, bạn làm được một đề với giải thích cụ thể đáp án cho từng câu hỏi, phân tích chi tiết từng lỗi sai, ghi chú các từ mới một cách cẩn thận còn hơn việc bạn làm được 10 đề nhưng chỉ đối chiếu đáp án rồi thôi.

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Ví dụ: Thời khóa biểu luyện đề trong một tháng Thời gian

Đề thi

Tuần 1

Test 1 Cam 10

Kết quả 20/40

Lưu ý Các lỗi sai: - Câu 7: lỗi nghe 2020 thành 2012 - Câu 22 + 23: không theo được tốc độ người nói - Câu 34 + 38 + 40: từ mới Từ mới: - erosion /ɪˈrəʊ.ʒən/: xói mòn - reproduction /ˌriː.prəˈdʌk.ʃən/: sản sinh - expansion /ɪkˈspæn.ʃən/: sự mở rộng

Tuần 2

Test 2 Cam 10

22/40

- ............................

Tuần 3

Test 3 Cam 10

25/40

- ............................

Tuần 4

Test 4 Cam 10

25/40

- ............................

Nhìn vào mục Kết quả bạn sẽ đánh giá được điểm số hiện tại mà mình đạt được là bao nhiêu, đây cũng là thước đo giúp bạn xem mức độ tiến bộ của bạn qua một tháng luyện tập. Mục Lưu ý sẽ là mục giúp bạn cải thiện được các lỗi sai đã gặp phải trong bài thi trước đó, đồng thời giúp bạn nhận diện được bạn đang yếu ở đâu để tập trung nhiều thời gian hơn vào cải thiện các điểm yếu đó. Ví dụ: bạn thường mắc nhiều lỗi sai do không theo kịp tốc độ của người nói hãy luyện nghe với tốc độ chậm hơn [chỉnh từ tốc độ chuẩn xuống 0.75, sau đó dần dần nghe sang tốc độ chuẩn, và lên 1.25]. Khi đã tăng tốc độ 1.25 và nghe quen với tốc độ này, thì việc quay lại với tốc độ 1.00 sẽ trở nên dễ hơn nhiều

IELTS Thanh Loan

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b. Cách thức làm một bài thi IELTS Listening Chọn nguồn nghe tốt Nguồn luyện IELTS Listening theo dạng câu hỏi - Cuốn sách này là nguồn luyện tập tốt nhất theo dạng câu hỏi: Bạn chỉ cần sử dụng cuốn sách này, chương III, để phục vụ cho giai đoạn số 2 vì cuốn sách đã cung cấp đầy đủ lí thuyết - bài tập thực hành - đáp án chi tiết - ghi chú từ vựng cho từng dạng câu hỏi trong IELTS Listening. Hiện nay, chưa có một cuốn sách nào lại đầy đủ kiến thức lí thuyết và đi kèm với đa dạng bài tập thực hành, mà còn đảm bảo đi sát cấu trúc bài thi IELTS Listening. - Cuốn Listening IELTS Strategies cũng rất nổi tiếng với các bài luyện thi theo dạng câu hỏi, nhưng cuốn sách không sát thật và có nhiều đáp án còn chưa chính xác Nguồn luyện IELTS Listening theo bài thi đầy đủ - Cambridge IELTS practice test từ cuốn 7 trở về sau là nguồn thi sát thật nhất - The Official Guide to IELTS của nhà xuất bản Cambridge, gồm 8 bài Test ở cuối cuốn sách cũng rất hay Bạn có thể download các cuốn sách này trên mạng, được chia sẻ khá rộng rãi Chuẩn bị trước khi nghe Là bước bạn làm trước khi audio được phát - Hãy tận dụng khoảng thời gian 30 giây trước khi audio phát để đọc qua nội dung bài nghe/ từng câu hỏi, sau đó gạch chân các từ khóa giúp bạn dễ dàng xác định được thông tin cần trả lời. - Ghi chú lại nội dung chính của các câu hỏi ở Section 3, và Section 4 bằng tiếng Việt [vì câu hỏi của 2 sections này dài và thường chứa nhiều từ vựng khó]. Trong quá trình làm bài nghe - Nghe thật tập trung - Ghi chú lại các thông tin được đề cập trong bài nghe một cách ngắn gọn [giúp ích cho việc đối chiếu thông tin được đề cập trong audio với thông tin trong câu hỏi để từ đó tìm ra câu trả lời] đặc biệt với dạng Matching và Multiple choice - Hãy bỏ qua những câu bạn không nghe được thông tin và di chuyển ngay lập tức sang câu hỏi tiếp theo để theo kịp nội dung được phát trong bài nghe

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Sau khi nghe xong - Xác định số câu trả lời đúng, đối chiếu với Transcript giải thích đáp án cho từng câu hỏi - Ghi chú lại các lỗi sai, từ mới [kèm nghĩa, cách phát âm và trọng âm từ] - Theo dõi sự tiến bộ sau mỗi tháng, rút kinh nghiệm và điều chỉnh lộ trình luyện nghe phù hợp với điểm yếu của mình Đó là cách thức để bạn làm một đề thi IELTS Listening đầy đủ.

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GÓC GIỚI THIỆU KHOÁ HỌC/ DỊCH VỤ: Điểm hạn chế của việc đọc sách là đôi khi khiến thức khó được minh hoạ, không có sự tương tác giữa kiến thức và minh hoạ bằng hình ảnh/ âm thanh. Bạn nên đồng thời đọc sách và tham gia khoá học online hoặc offline cùng Thanh Loan để có sự tương tác cao hơn nhé. Cách 1: Lớp học Offline - Bạn có thầy cô, bạn bè Không khí học cũng thoải mái và vui vẻ hơn - Nếu bạn lười biếng Mình sẽ nhắc nhở, động viên và phạt kinh tế để thúc ép bạn - Tương tác với mình mỗi khi bạn có khó khăn, kiến thức không hiểu Tiến bộ nhanh - Học viên lớp học offline được cung cấp toàn bộ tài liệu học từ A đến Z, siêu chất ngất //ielts-thanhloan.com/khoa-hoc-ielts-overall/ Cách 2: Lớp học Online - Học mọi lúc mọi nơi, không giới hạn thời gian và không gian - Bạn được chữa bài tập chi tiết sau mỗi phần thực hành, tương tác nhanh với mình qua email - Học phí quá bèo mà kiến thức vẫn đảm bảo sinh động, trực quan tốt //online.ielts-thanhloan.com/

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CHƯƠNG

III Dạng 1:

Các dạng câu hỏi điển hình [Kèm thực hành]

Nghe Letters and Numbers

Dạng câu hỏi đầu tiên chúng ta đi vào tìm hiểu đó là dạng câu hỏi Letters [bảng chữ cái] và dạng câu hỏi Numbers [số]. Dạng câu hỏi liên quan đến bảng chữ cái và số thường được xuất hiện trong Section 1 - phần dễ nhất trong bài thi IELTS Listening, chính vì vậy, các bạn cần nắm chắc tất cả các thông tin và cách phát âm của chúng để không làm sai những câu hỏi dễ ăn điểm này. a. Kiến thức Một số ví dụ dạng câu hỏi Letters and Numbers Ví dụ 1: Complete the notes

Transport Survey Name: Luisa Hardie Address: 19 White Stone Rd Postcode: GT8 2LC...

nghe tên người [Letter] nghe số nhà [Number] nghe mã bưu điện [Letter + Number]

Ví dụ 2: Complete the form

Early Learning Childcare Centre Enrolment Form nghe tên người [Letter] Childs name: Kate Address: 46 Wombat Road, Woodside, 4032 nghe số điện thoại [Number] Phone: 3345 9865 nghe thời gian [Number] Start time: 8.30.a.m

IELTS Thanh Loan

nghe địa chỉ [Letter and Number]

39

Ví dụ 3:

Summer Music Festival Booking Form nghe tên người [Letter] Name: George ONeill... nghe địa chỉ [Letter and Number] Address: 48 North Avenue, Westsea nghe mã bưu điện [Letter + Number] Postcode: WS6 2YH... nghe số điện thoại [Number] Telephone: 01674 553242...

Date 23 June

nghe giá tiền

[Number] Event Spanish Dance & Guitar Concert

Price per ticket £....10.50............

nghe số lượng vé [Number]

No. of ticket 4

NB: Children/ Students/ Senior Citizens have 50%.. discount on all tickets. nghe mức độ giảm giá [Number]

Nhìn vào 3 ví dụ ở trên, các bạn có thể thấy có rất nhiều loại thông tin mà bạn cần vận dụng đến Letters [Bảng chữ cái] và Numbers [Con số]. Chúng có thể là những thông tin liên quan đến Tên/ Tuổi/ Địa chỉ/ Mã bưu điện/ Ngày tháng năm/ Số tiền Chính vì vậy, việc thành thạo nhóm Từ vựng liên quan đến Bảng chữ cái và Con số là điều cực kỳ quan trọng.

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Cách phát âm Letters and Numbers Đối với dạng câu hỏi này, các bạn cần nắm chắc được cách viết cũng như là cách phát âm của nhóm Từ vựng về Bảng chữ cái, nhóm Từ vựng về Số đếm, và nhóm Từ vựng về số thứ tự. Hãy cùng ôn tập lại các nhóm từ vựng này ngay thôi! - Cách đọc bảng chữ cái A /eɪ/ G /dʒi/ M /em/ S /es/ X /eks/

B /bi/ H /eɪtʃ/ N /en/ T /ti/ Y /wɑɪ/

C /si/ I /aɪ/ O /əʊ/ U /ju/ Z /zi/ /zed/

D /di/ J /dʒeɪ/ P /pi/ V /vi/

E /i/ F /ef/ K /keɪ/ L /el/ Q /kjuː/ R /ɑr/ W /ˈdʌb·əl·ju/

- Cách đọc số đếm Số đếm viết

Số đếm viết

Cách phát

bằng số

bằng chữ

âm

Số thứ tự

Cách phát âm

0

zero

/ˈzɪə.rəʊ/

1

one

/wʌn/

first

/ˈfɜːst/

2

two

/tuː/

second

/ˈsek.ənd/

3

three

/θriː/

third

/θɜːd/

4

four

/fɔːr/

fourth

/fɔːθ/

5

five

/faɪv/

fifth

/fɪfθ/

6

six

/sɪks/

sixth

/sɪksθ/

7

seven

/ˈsev.ən/

seventh

/ˈsev.ənθ/

8

eight

/eɪt/

eighth

/eɪtθ/

9

nine

/naɪn/

ninth

/naɪnθ/

10

ten

/ten/

tenth

/tenθ/

11

eleven

/ɪˈlev.ən/

eleventh

/ɪˈlev.ənθ/

12

twelve

/twelv/

twelfth

/twelfθ/

13

thirteen

/θɜːˈtiːn/

thirteenth

/θɜːˈtiːnθ/

14

fourteen

/ˌfɔːˈtiːn/

fourteenth

/ˌfɔːˈtiːnθ/

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Số đếm viết

Số đếm viết

bằng số

bằng chữ

Cách phát âm

Số thứ tự

Cách phát âm

15

fifteen

/ˌfɪfˈtiːn/

fifteenth

/ˌfɪfˈtiːnθ/

16

sixteen

/ˌsɪkˈstiːn/

sixteenth

/ˌsɪkˈstiːnθ/

17

seventeen

/ˌsev.ənˈtiːn/

seventeenth

/ˌsev.ənˈtiːnθ/

18

eighteen

/ˌeɪˈtiːn/

eighteenth

/ˌeɪˈtiːnθ/

19

nineteen

/ˌnaɪnˈtiːn/

nineteenth

/ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

20

twenty

/ˈtwen.ti/

twentieth

/ˈtwen.ti.əθ/

21

twenty-one

/ˈtwen.ti wʌn/

twenty-first

/ˈtwen.ti.əθ ˈfɜːst/

22

twenty-two

/ˈtwen.ti tuː/

twenty-second

/ˈtwen.ti.əθ sek.ənd/

30

thirty

/ˈθɜː.ti/

thirtieth

/ˈθɜː.ti.əθ/

40

forty

/ˈfɔː.ti/

fortieth

/ˈfɔː.ti.əθ/

50

fifty

/ˈfɪf.ti/

fiftieth

/ˈfɪf.ti.əθ/

60

sixty

/ˈsɪk.sti/

sixtieth

/ˈsɪk.sti.əθ/

70

seventy

/ˈsev.ən.ti/

seventieth

ˈ/sev.ən.ti.əθ/

80

eighty

/ˈeɪ.ti/

eightieth

/ˈeɪ.ti.əθ/

90

ninety

/ˈnaɪn.ti/

ninetieth

/ˈnaɪn.ti.əθ/

100

one/ a hundred

/ˈhʌn.drəd/

hundredth

/ˈhʌn.drətθ/

101

one/ a hundred

/ˈhʌn.drəd ənd

hundred and first

/ˈhʌn.drəd ənd

and one

wʌn/

one/ a thousand

/ˈθaʊ.zənd/

thousandth

/ˈθaʊ.zənθ/

1,000,000

one/ a million

/ˈmɪl.jən/

millionth

/ˈmɪl.jənθ/

1,000,000,000

one/ a billion

/ˈbɪl.jən/

billionth

/ˈbɪl.jənθ/

1,000

IELTS Thanh Loan

ˈfɜːst/

42

Các loại thông tin cần nghe đến chữ cái, số đếm và số thứ tự Nghe tên người Có 3 cách đọc tên người trong bài thi IELTS Listening 1. Đọc tên, sau đó đánh vần từng chữ

Ví dụ: My name is Luisa Hardie. The

cái

last name is H_A_R_D_I_E

2. Đọc tên kèm minh hoạ hoặc mô tả

Ví dụ: My name is Rose, like the name

ngắn về cái tên đó

of a flower. / My name is Browne, like a colour but with an E at the end

3. Với các tên quen thuộc, bài nghe

Ví dụ: My name is Alexander and

sẽ chỉ đọc tên đó và không đánh vần.

people usually call me Alex for short.

Thí sinh phải tự nghe và đánh vần tên. Nghe địa chỉ Trong tiếng Anh, thông tin của 1 địa điểm nào đó sẽ bao gồm: John Smith

Name of a person

23 Acacia Avenue

House number + Street name

Harrogate

Town/City

Yorkshire

Country

WS6 2YH

Postcode

the UK

Country [if sending from abroad]

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Và phần đa các bài nghe trong IELTS, khi hỏi về địa chỉ, sẽ yêu cầu thí sinh nghe hai thông tin: House Number + Street Name. - Đối với House Number, cách phát âm giống như cách đọc số đếm được nhắc ở trang trước. Đôi khi, số nhà sẽ bao gồm cả số và chữ [Nhà số 26A] - Đối với Street Name, nó có thể được đánh vần từng tên nếu đó là 1 con phố lạ, hoặc chỉ đọc và không đánh vần nếu đó là 1 con phố quen thuộc, kể cả đối với người ngoại quốc. Một số con phố quen thuộc, không

Một số từ viết tắt, có thể được sử

được đánh vần trong khi nghe

dụng sau khi đánh vần tên phố

150 Church Avenue

Avenue [AVE]

68C Bridge Boulevard

Boulevard [BLVD]

3 West Center

Center [CTR]

94A River Circle

Circle [CIR]

24 Green Lane

Lane [LN]

54 Station Mount

Mount [MT]

102 Seaview Road

Road [RD]

96A Birmingham Route

Route [RTE]

73F Mountain Station

Station [STA]

9A New Star Street

Street [ST]

Một số con phố quen thuộc, không

Một số từ viết tắt, có thể được sử

được đánh vần trong khi nghe

dụng sau tên của 1 căn nhà

Flat 2, 24 Green Street

Apartment [APT]/ Flat

Building 9, 107B Dumbine Street

Building [BLDG]

Department A, 44 Starburk Lane

Department [DEPT]

Floor 2, 237 Burlington Avenue

Floor [FL]

Room SO1, 46B Notts Way

Room [RM]

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Nghe Ngày Tháng Năm Cách viết: - tháng + ngày [số thứ tự], năm Ví dụ: December 3rd, 2019 hay December 3, 2019 - ngày [số thứ tự] + tháng, năm Ví dụ: 3rd December, 2019 hay 3 December, 2019 Cách đọc: - tháng + ngày [số thứ tự], năm - ngày [số thứ tự] + of + tháng + năm Ví dụ: December 3rd, 2019 được đọc là December the third, two thousand and nineteen HAY the third of December, two thousand and nineteen. Trong IELTS Listening, thí sinh thường được yêu cầu nghe ngày và tháng, rất ít tình huống hỏi cả ngày-tháng-năm Viết tắt của số thứ tự sau thông tin về ngày có thể có hoặc không [3rd December hoặc 3 December đều đúng]

Từ vựng về tháng trong tiếng Anh January /ˈdʒæn.ju.ə.ri/ - tháng một February /ˈfeb.ru.ər.i/ - tháng hai March /mɑːtʃ/ - tháng ba April /ˈeɪ.prəl/ - tháng 4 May /meɪ/ - tháng 5 June /dʒuːn/ - tháng 6

July /dʒuˈlaɪ/ - tháng 7 August /ɔːˈɡʌst/ - tháng 8 September /sepˈtem.bər/ - tháng 9 October /ɒkˈtəʊ.bər/ - tháng 10 November /nəʊˈvem.bər/ - tháng 11 December /dɪˈsem.bər/ - tháng 12

Nghe Số điện thoại Số điện thoại luôn được đọc bằng số đếm, không phải số thứ tự Một số lưu ý đối với cách đọc số điện thoại: - Số 0 trong số điện thoại có thể được phát âm là zero hoặc oh - Cách đọc 2 số giống nhau đứng gần nhau là: double + số Ví dụ: 33 được đọc là double three - Cách đọc 3 số giống nhau đứng gần nhau là: triple + số Ví dụ: 444 được đọc là triple four

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Nghe thông tin về tiền Lượng tiền được đọc bằng số đếm, không phải số thứ tự Hai đơn vị phổ biến của tiền được dùng trong IELTS Listening là £ - pound /paʊnd/ hoặc - dollar /ˈdɒl.ər/ Ví dụ: A wallet containing approximately £ ...35 Ví dụ: Rooms will cost $....100.....per head Rất nhiều tình huống, thí sinh sẽ phải nghe lượng tiền lẻ. Ví dụ: £12.50 = twelve pounds fifty pence HOẶC twelve pounds fifty HOẶC twelve fifty Ví dụ: $1.15 = one point fifteen dollar HOẶC one dollar fifteen cents HOẶC one fifteen Nghe mã bưu điện Một mã số bưu điện thường bao gồm 6 ký tự, bao gồm cả số và chữ. Ví dụ: BH5 2OP Mã bưu điện thường đi theo cặp 2 chữ - 2 số - 2 chữ [BH5 2OP] Có nhiều chữ số và chữ cái có cách phát âm gần giống nhau, chẳng hạn A /ei/, H /eit /, và 8 /eit/, bạn cần chú ý.

Nghe tuổi Thông tin về tuổi tác hoàn toàn được đọc bằng số đếm Thường IELTS Listening chỉ hỏi về số tuổi, đã đi kèm với từ Age hoặc Year old, nên khi nghe về tuổi thí sinh thường chỉ viết số tuổi Ví dụ: Age ...25...

Nghe Thời gian Thời gian được đọc hoàn toàn bằng số đếm, không phải số thứ tự Lưu ý về cách đọc thời gian: - sáng: a.m /ˌeɪˈem/ - chiều: p.m /ˌpiːˈem/ - cách đọc giờ chẵn: ví dụ: 7.00 = seven o'clock - cách đọc giờ rưỡi: ví dụ: 7.30 = seven thirty HAY half past seven - cách đọc giờ hơn 15: ví dụ 7.15 = seven fifteen HAY a quarter past seven - cách đọc giờ kém 15: ví dụ: 7.45 = seven forty-five HAY a quarter to seven Ví dụ: Start time ...9 am...

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Một số lỗi sai phổ biến Lỗi sai thứ nhất: Nhầm giữa con số có đuôi teen với ty Ví dụ: thirteen vs thirty; nineteen vs ninety Đối với lỗi sai này, các bạn có thể sử dụng tip nghe TRỌNG ÂM TỪ để đoán xem từ cần điền phải là thirteen hay thirty. - Nếu là thirteen thì trọng âm của từ được nhấn vào âm tiết thứ hai, nghĩa là âm -teen. - Ngược lại, nếu là thirty thì trọng âm của từ được nhấn vào âm tiết thứ nhất, nghĩa là âm -ty. Tuy vậy, các bạn vẫn cần thực hành luyện nghe nhiều giữa các số đếm, cũng như số thứ tự có đuôi -teen và -ty để thấy được sự khác biệt giữa chúng và tránh nhầm lẫn đáng tiếc. Lỗi sai thứ hai: Nhầm giữa chữ H với số 8 Lỗi sai này cũng khá phổ biến, đặc biệt là với những câu hỏi chứa loại thông tin cần điền vừa là chữ cái, lại vừa là số đếm như loại thông tin về mã bưu điện. Nhìn vào cách phát âm của hai từ này, chúng ta có thể thấy H được phát âm là /eɪtʃ/, trong khi 8 được phát âm là /eɪt/. Âm /tʃ/ trong từ H sẽ được phát âm nặng hơn âm /t/ trong số 8. Lỗi sai thứ ba: Nhầm giữa chữ X và S Do cách phát âm của hai từ này gần giống nhau, nên khi nghe chúng ta thường bị nhầm lẫn giữa hai từ này. Từ X được phát âm là /eks/, trong khi S được phát âm là /es/. Sự khác biệt ở đây là từ X có thêm âm /k/, tuy nhiên khi phát âm trong các cuộc giao tiếp bình thường, người bản xứ có xu hướng phát âm rất nhanh, nên việc nhầm lẫn giữa hai từ này là việc không thể tránh khỏi. Lỗi sai thứ tư: Nhầm giữa chữ M và N M được phát âm là /em/, trong khi N được phát âm là /en/, chúng chỉ khác nhau /n/ mà /m/ Lỗi sai thứ năm: Nhầm lẫn giữa tiếng Việt và tiếng Anh Có rất nhiều chữ cái mà cách phát âm lại tiếng Anh trùng với một chữ cái khác của tiếng Việt, cũng dễ gây nhầm lẫn. Ví dụ: E /i/ nhưng các bạn lại viết thành I R /ɑːr/ nhưng các bạn lại viết thành A

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b. Bài tập thực hành

/ drive.google.com/drive/folders/1uCwewZq0oshS-j2rMxSnkaHXQN3E-dEu

Exercise 1: Listen carefully to the tape and write down the following names and places 1............................................................................ 2............................................................................ 3............................................................................ 4............................................................................ 5............................................................................ 6............................................................................ 7............................................................................ 8............................................................................ Source: IELTS Listening strategies Exercise 2: Listen to the names of the places and write them down. Do you know where these places are in Britain? 1....................... 4....................... 7....................... 10..................... 13..................... 16..................... 19.....................

2....................... 5....................... 8....................... 11..................... 14..................... 17..................... 20.....................

3....................... 6....................... 9....................... 12..................... 15..................... 18.....................

Source: Basic IELTS Listening

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Exercise 3: Listen to the following dialogue between an operator and an enquirer. As you listen, write down the type of call , name and phone number in the spaces below

Caller : Yes. I want to 1.., please. Operator : What is the name of the person , please? Caller : 2... Operator : What is the number? Caller : 3... Source: IELTS Listening strategies Exercise 4: Listen to the following dialogue between an operator and on enquirer. As you listen, write down the name, address and phone number in the spaces below.

Operator Enquirer Operator Enquirer Operator Enquirer Operator

: Directory Enquiries. What city please? : 1.... : Name? : 2.... : Thank you. And could you tell me his address? : 3.... : The number is 4... Source: IELTS Listening strategies

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Exercise 5: Listen to the self-introductions and complete the information about each person.

Name

Where from

Subject

Charles Liz Chris Paulo

Leeds ........................ ........................ ........................

Music ........................ ........................ ........................ Source: Basic IELTS Listening

Exercise 6: Listen and fill in the form

1. The sweater costs .. pounds 2. Tom bought ...books yesterday. 3. Mary is ...years old. 4. Janet was ...minutes late. 5. There are ...students in my class. 6. My grandfather has ...grandchildren. 7. Bill wears size ... 8. The temperature was ...yesterday. 9. The train arrived at ...o'clock. 10. I got ...on my English test.

Source: Basic IELTS Listening

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Exercise 7: Listen to the following dialogue between im operator aad an enquirer. As you listen, write down the name, address and phone number in the space below.

Operator: Directory Enquiries. What city please? Enquirer: 1 .. Operator: Name? Enquirer: 2.... Operator: And her address? Enquirer: 3.... Operator: The number is 4... Source: IELTS Listening strategies Exercise 8: You will hear a conversation between a secretary and a student. The secretary is asking the student for information in order to complete an application form for a course. As you listen, fill in the appropriate information on the form below.

Surname [IN CAPITAL LETTERS] First name Country Age Address Telephone No.

1.... 2.. 3... 4... 5... 6... Source: IELTS Listening strategies

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Exercise 9: You will hear a conversation between a secretary and a student. The secretary is asking the student for information in order to complete an application form for a course. As you listen, fill in the appropriate information on the form below.

Surname [IN CAPITAL LETTERS] First name Country Age Address Telephone No.

1.... 2.. 3... 4... 5... 6... Source: IELTS Listening strategies

Exercise 10: You will hear a conversation between a secretary and a student. The secretary is asking the student for information in order to complete an application form for a course. As you listen, fill in the appropriate information on the form below.

Surname [IN CAPITAL LETTERS] First name Country Age Address Telephone No.

1.... 2.. 3... 4... 5... 6... Source: IELTS Listening strategies

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Exercise 11: Listen to some short dialogues. In each dialogue, you will hear someone ask a question about the time. When the answers is given, write down the time in the space below.

1.

A: Excuse me. Can you tell me the time , please. B: Yes, lts

2.

A: Do you have the right time , please? B: I think it's

3.

A : Do you know what time the next bus is , please? B: Yes. It's

4.

A: What time do you finish your work today? B:

5.

A When do the shops open , please? B:

6.

A: What time does the London train leave , please? B:

7.

A: What's the next train to Birmingham , please? B:

8.

A: Excuse me, please. What time does the Liverpool train arrive? B:

9.

A: When does the Paris flight leave , please? B:

10.

A: What time's the next flight to Amsterdam , please? B: Source: IELTS Listening strategies

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Exercise 12: You will hear a dialogue. As you listen, fill in the form below

Time of Dr Kents Lecture Monday 1. Room no. 2.. Friday 3. Room no. 4.. Length of each lesson 5

Source: IELTS Listening strategies

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Exercise 13: You will hear some announcements from railway stations and airports. These announcement give information to travellers about train and planes. For each announcement that you hear write in the box below the platform, flight number, time and destination. Trains

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Platform NO.

Time

Destination

. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .

Source: IELTS Listening strategies

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Exercise 14: Listen to the tape carefully and write down the area and population for each of the region. Table 1

Area

People/ sq km

UK European Community England Greater London Scotland Wales Northern Ireland

. . . . . . .

Table 2

City

Area [sq km]

Population [thousands]

Greater London Birmingham Leeds Glasgow Edinburgh Manchester Bristol Coventry

. . . . . . . .

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. Source: IELTS Listening strategies

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Exercise 15: You are going to listen to a talk. Look at the table below first , then listen carefully to the talk and fill in the percentages In the correct column

Countries

China

Japan

Korea

Thailand

Young people [%] who agree A woman's place is in the home

12%

6.

12...........

19.............

If a couple both earn money, both should share the housework

1.

7.

13...........

20.............

Men and women should be paid the same for the same job

2.

8.

14...........

21.............

Nursing is womens work

3.

9.

15...........

22.............

Mining is mens work

90%

10...........

16...........

23.............

Cooking should still be done by women

4.

82%

17...........

24.............

Washing clothes should still be done by women

5.

11...........

18...........

25.............

Source: Basic IELTS Listening

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Dạng 2:

Form Completion

Dạng câu hỏi rất phổ biến trong Listening là Form Completion - Form: an official document containing questions and spaces for answers [đơn] - Completion: the act or process of finishing something [hoàn thành] Vậy nên, dạng Form Completion là việc các bạn cần bám theo nội dung của bài nghe để hoàn thành thông tin của một tờ đơn nào đó a. Kiến thức Một số đặc điểm của dạng Form Completion

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Test tip Form Completion thường xuất hiện ở Section 1

SECTION 1 Questions from 1-10 Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Test tip Luôn đi kèm với giới hạn từ điền vào mỗi vị trí trống

Test tip

Accommodation Form - Student Information Example

hall of residence

Type of accommodation: Name:

Anu 1

Date of birth:

2...

Country of origin:

India

Course of study:

3

Numbers of years planned in hall:

4....

Preferred catering arrangement:

half board

Special dietary requirements:

no 5 [red]

Preferred room type:

a single 6

Interests:

the 7

Thường có tên của tờ đơn giúp người nghe đoán được thông tin cơ bản của đoạn hội thoại

Test tip Vì xuất hiện trong Section 1 nên thường sẽ có 1 câu ví dụ

badminton Priorities in choice of hall:

to be with other students who are 8 to

Contact phone number:

live

outside

the

9....... to have a 10area for socialising 667549

Test tip

Test tip

Luôn cung cấp định dạng thông tin là gì, tên người, hay ngày tháng năm sinh ....

Thông tin trong bài nghe sẽ xuất hiện lần lượt theo thứ tự của câu hỏi

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Giới hạn số lượng từ cần điền thường được đề cập đến trong câu hỏi, số lượng từ thường dao động từ 1 đến 3 từ. Dưới đây là một số giới hạn từ phổ biến nhất của dạng Gap Filling

Write ONE WORD

Đúng

Yêu cầu

Câu hỏi

Chỉ duy nhất 1 từ

man

ONLY from the

liters

passage for each

two

answer. Write NO MORE

Không quá hai từ

three weeks

THAN TWO WORDS

Có thể viết 1 từ hoặc 2 từ

speech

from the passage for

Không được sử dụng số

each answer. Write NO MORE

Không quá 3 từ

teacher

THAN THREE

Có thể viết 1 từ, 2 từ hoặc

a teacher

WORDS from the

3 từ

an experienced teacher

passage for each

Không được sử dụng số

answer. Write NO MORE

Không quá hai từ và/ hoặc 1

THAN TWO WORDS

số

AND/OR A NUMBER

Có thể viết 1 từ và 1 số

3 measurements

from the passage for

Có thể viết 2 từ và 1 số

3 main measurements

each answer.

Có thể viết 1 số

3

Có thể viết 1 từ mà không

measurements

có con số Có thể viết 2 từ mà không

main measurements

có con số Note: Từ vựng được nối bởi dấu gạch ngang, ví dụ như: well-being, hay well-prepared chỉ được tính là một từ, vì vậy bạn cần lưu ý để đảm bảo sự chính xác về số lượng từ cần điền well-being = ONE WORD

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Các loại thông tin thường xuất hiện trong dạng Form Completion Có thể thấy qua ví dụ trên, dạng câu hỏi Form Completion này thường tập trung vào 2 loại thông tin chính: - Loại thông tin thứ nhất: là các thông tin cá nhân - Loại thông tin thứ hai: là các thông tin liên quan đến nội dung được đề cập trong tiêu đề. Cụ thể như sau: Loại thông tin thứ nhất: Các thông tin cá nhân Dạng form completion thường bắt đầu với những câu hỏi liên quan đến thông tin cá nhân của một người trong cuộc hội thoại, cụ thể các thông tin cá nhân đó bao gồm: - Tên; Địa chỉ; Ngày-tháng-năm; Thời gian; Tuổi; Mã bưu điện; Số điện thoại; Giá cả, Đơn vị đo Tất cả những thông tin này liên quan đến các nhóm Từ vựng về bảng chữ cái và số đếm đều đã được đề cập đến trong Dạng 1 - Letters and Numbers của chương III. - Quốc gia/ Quốc tịch [Country/ Nationality] Thông tin cá nhân cũng có thể bao gồm quốc tịch hoặc quốc gia mà họ đến từ. Hai nhóm thông tin này hoàn toàn khác nhau, ví dụ như họ đến từ Vietnam nhưng quốc tịch của họ phải là Vietnamese.

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Quốc gia hay Quốc tịch không bao giờ được đánh vần trong bài thi IELTS Listening, bạn cần nhớ một số tên và cách viết của quốc gia hoặc quốc tịch phổ biến.

Tên Quốc gia [Country] Vietnam China Japan Australia Malaysia Indonesia Cambodia Italy Canada Russia South Korea Laos

Tên Quốc tịch [Nationality] Vietnamese Chinese Japanese Australian Malaysian Indonesian Cambodian Italian Canadian Russian Korean Laotian

Tên Quốc gia [Country] The Philippines The UK England Sweden Scotland Greece The Netherlands Spain Germany Thailand France

Tên Quốc tịch [Nationality] Filipino British English Swedish Scottish Greek Dutch Spanish German Thai French

Note: Nhóm từ vựng về Quốc tịch đồng thời cũng là từ vựng về Ngôn ngữ của quốc gia đó. Ví dụ người có quốc tịch Vietnamese thì đồng thời ngôn ngữ mẹ đẻ cũng là Vietnamese.

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- Nghề nghiệp/ Học tập Loại thông tin tiếp theo liên quan đến nghề nghiệp/ học tập [học về lĩnh vực gì]. Một số từ vựng các bạn cần chú ý: Study [học tập]

Job/ Occupation [nghề nghiệp] temporary /ˈtemprəri/

[adj] tạm thời

major subject

môn học chính

part-time

[adj] làm thêm ngoài

minor subject

môn học phụ

giờ

politics

chính trị

economics

kinh tế

accounting

kế toán

English

tiếng Anh

business

kinh doanh

finance

tài chính

marketing

ngành tiếp thị

engineering /ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/

kỹ thuật

law

luật

hotel management

quản trị khách sạn

physics

vật lý

full-time

[adj] làm toàn giờ

teacher

giáo viên

doctor

bác sĩ

dentist

nha khoa

manager

quản lý

interpreter /ɪnˈtɜːprətə[r]/

phiên dịch viên

lawyer /ˈlɔɪə[r]/

luật sư

journalist /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/

nhà báo

designer /dɪˈzaɪnə[r]/

nhà thiết kế

dancer

vũ công

bartender ˈbɑːtendə[r]/

người pha rượu

cook

đầu bếp

baker /ˈbeɪkə[r]/

thợ làm bánh

waiter /ˈweɪtə[r]/

human resource management quản trị nhân lực information technology

công nghệ thông tin

bồi bàn

science

khoa học

hairdresser /ˈheədresə[r]/

thợ làm đầu

nursing /ˈnɜːsɪŋ/

y tá

florist /ˈflɒrɪst/

người trồng hoa

sociology /ˌsəʊsiˈɒlədʒi/

xã hội học

gardener

thợ làm vườn

psychology /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/

tâm lý học

freelancer

làm việc tự do

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- Sở thích [Hobby/ Interest] Một trong những thông tin cá nhân hay xuất hiện nữa trong Form Completion nữa là sở thích hay thói quen của bạn. Dưới đây là một số gợi ý: reading

đọc sách

[listening to] music

nghe nhạc

[going to] the theatre

đến rạp chiếu phim

= [going to] the movies [going] shopping

đi mua sắm

[playing] sport/ badminton/ football/ tennis

chơi thể thao/ chơi cầu lông/ chơi bóng đá/ chơi đánh tennis

swimming/ walking/ jogging/ climbing

bơi lội/ đi bộ/ chạy bộ/ leo núi

[doing] yoga

tập yoga

[learning] foreign languages

học ngôn ngữ nước ngoài

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Loại thông tin thứ hai: Thông tin liên quan đến chủ đề Có rất đa dạng các chủ đề khác nhau đối với loại thông tin thứ hai này, đó có thể là một form điền thông tin đặt phòng/ thông tin thuê nhà/ thông tin khám sức khỏe/ thông tin báo cáo tội phạm Mỗi chủ đề này đều có những từ vựng riêng mà bạn cần phải thực hành thật nhiều để tích lũy vốn từ cho mình Ví dụ nếu thông tin của tờ đơn là đăng ký vào trung tâm tập gym, bạn sẽ có thể được hỏi: loại thành viên mà bạn muốn đăng ký, thời gian bạn đi tập, bạn đăng ký với ai không, mục đích của việc đi tập là gì.. Nếu thông tin của tờ đơn là thông báo hành lí bị mất, thì bạn có thể được hỏi nhóm thông tin liên quan như hành lí bao gồm gì, mất ở đâu, rồi giá cả và đặc điểm của mỗi nhóm hành lí ra sao .. Đối với loại thông tin thứ hai này, không còn cách nào khác là bạn phải thực hành thật nhiều để trau dồi từ vựng cho mình. Vì vậy, sau khi đọc xong hướng dẫn, bạn hãy thực hành chăm chỉ với phần bài tập bên dưới.

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Cách làm dạng câu hỏi Form Completion Bước 1: Giới hạn từ Đọc kỹ yêu cầu đề bài để xác định yêu cầu đề bài. Cụ thể là xác định giới hạn số lượng từ cần điền: thường dao động từ 1 - 3 từ, nó có thể là ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER [một từ và/ hay một số]/ NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS [không nhiều hơn 2 từ] Mục đích của việc xác định giới hạn từ cho phép là để tránh điền thừa thông tin vào mỗi câu trả lời dẫn đến mất điểm đáng tiếc. Ví dụ: Đề bài: ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER [một từ và/ hoặc một số] Đáp án: temporary job SAI Đáp án: temporary ĐÚNG Bước 2: Xác định từ chìa khoá Gạch chân keyword, sau đó xác định loại thông tin cần điền/ dạng từ cần điền vào mỗi chỗ trống của từng câu hỏi. Mục đích của bước 2 này là để giới hạn được nhóm từ vựng có thể là đáp án cho câu hỏi. Ví dụ: Câu hỏi: Job:............... Chỗ trống cần điền là một danh từ chỉ công việc nào đó, ví dụ như là teacher/ doctor/ manager Câu hỏi: Special dietary requirements: no .............. [red] Đáp án cần phải là danh từ vì nó đứng sau từ no', mà lại liên quan đến chế độ ăn uống đặc biệt có thể là không thịt hoặc không cá [vì chỉ có thịt cá mới chia thành màu đỏ hay màu trắng] Bước 3: Lắng nghe Trong quá trình nghe, bạn cần tập trung cao độ và đồng thời điền đáp án vào tờ câu hỏi. Bạn chỉ được nghe duy nhất 1 lần Luôn kiểm tra lại chính tả và nguyên tắc danh từ số ít, số nhiều để đảm bảo đáp án nghe được chính xác nhất.

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Bước 4: Một số lưu ý cho dạng Form Completion - Với các câu hỏi yêu cầu điền thông tin về đơn vị đo lường như: centimetre /ˈsentɪmiːtə[r]/, metre /ˈmiːtə[r]/, kilogram /ˈkɪləɡræm/ bạn có thể ghi dạng viết tắt của các từ vựng này như: cm, m, kg thay vì viết dạng đầy đủ của từ. Còn trong trường hợp trong form đã ghi đơn vị ngay sau chỗ trống rồi thì không được phép ghi thêm nữa. Ví dụ: viết ...... 30 cm...... thay vì viết đầy đủ ......30 centimetre...... Còn nếu câu hỏi đã cho đơn vị đo rồi thì chỉ cần điền số vào chỗ trống:......30...... cm Tương tự với đơn vị về tiền, về đo trọng lượng ...... - Với các câu hỏi bạn còn phân vân xem câu trả lời có đuôi s hay ed không, hãy dựa vào ngữ pháp của câu hỏi đó [nếu có thể] Ví dụ: reading some ...... đáp án phải là books chứ không phải book vì nó đi cùng với từ chỉ lượng số nhiều some' Hay: a ......room đáp án phải là shared chứ không phải share vì động từ bị động đứng trước danh từ, bổ xung ý nghĩa cho danh từ chính

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b. Bài tập thực hành

/ drive.google.com/drive/folders/1uCwewZq0oshS-j2rMxSnkaHXQN3E-dEu

Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR NUMBER for each answer. Exercise 1:

Good Moves Accommodation Agency Ben Call taken by: .......... Name: 1......................................... Telephone: 2 ......................................... Heard about us from: 3 ......................................... Type of accommodation preferred: 4 ......................................... Number of people: 5 ......................................... Preferred location: Wants to be close to 6 ......................................... Price: maximum 7 £..................................per person [including 8................................] Additional notes: I suggested Flat 3 at 9 ......................................... Road in Bampton I will send further details to customer by 10 ........................................

Source: Complete IELTS Band 4.5-5.5

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Exercise 2: Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR NUMBER for each answer.

lnternational Booking Fair Ticket Booking Form First name: Last name: Address: Postcode: Phone number: 5..................: Date of visit:

Angus .......................... 1........................ 2........................ Wallington, Oxford 3..................................... Home: 4 ....................... 0872 298 1191[Between 9 a.m and 6............ p.m.] 7......................... 7th

Source: Complete IELTS band 4.5-5.5

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Exercise 3: Complete the form below. Write ONE WORD AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer

lnternational Social Club Application Form

Name: Jenny Foo Age: 21 Nationality: 1.................. Address: 2..................Road, Bondi Mobile phone: 3.................. Occupation: 4.................. Free-time interests: Singing and 5..................

Source: Complete IELTS band 5.5-6.5 Exercise 4: Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

KT Furniture Customer Order Form 1 ... 2 ...Trading Estate 210 New Hampton Road South Down Contact number: 3 ... [mobile] Delivery option: 1 2 [no 4 ...] Method of payment: credit card Type: 5 ... Company name: Address:

Source: Complete IELTS Bands 6.5-7.5

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Exercise 5: Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Lake Pane Camground, US Bookings Example:

Date of arrival: Family name: Contact number: Camp facilities:

1.. Length of stay: 2.. 3.. 4, water and 5

Answer

5 nights ..

Source: Complete IELTS band 6.5-7.5

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Exercise 6: Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Car Insurance Example Name:

Answer

Patrick Jones ................

Address: Contact number: Occupation: Siza of car engines:

1.........................Greendale 730453 2....................... 1200cc Type of car: Manufacturer: Hewton Model: 3........................ Year: 1997 Previous insurance company: Any Insurance claims in the last 4........................ five years? Yes No If yes, give brief details: Car was 5....................in 1999 Name [s] of other driver[s]: Uses of car. - social Simon 6........................ - 8..................... Relationship to main driver: 7........................ Start date: 31 January Recommended Insurance arrangement Name of company: 9........................ Annual cost: 10 $.......................

Source: Cambridge IELTS 7 - Section 1

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Exercise 7: Questions 6-10 Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER/ or each answer

Student Details Name:

Anita Newman

Address:

6 ........................ Room No.7........................

Other skills:

Speaks some Japanese

Position available:

8........................ at the English Language Centre

Duties:

Respond to enquiries and 9.......................

Time of interview:

Friday at 10......................a.m. Source: Cambridge IELTS 7 - Section 1

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Exercise 8: Questions 3-10 Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER/or each answer.

Summer Music Festival Booking Form

NAME: ADDRESS: POSTCODE: TELEPHONE:

Gootgc O'Noll 3..Westsea 4 .. 5.. Event

Price per ticket

No. of tickets

5 June

Instrumental group - Guitarrini

£7.50

2

17 June

Singer [Price includes 6...in the garden]

£6

2

22 June

7 [Anna Ventura]

£7.00

1

23 June

Spanish Dance & Guitar concert

Date

8£..

9. .

NB Children/ Students/Seniors Citizens have 10.. discount on all tickets

Source: Cambridge IELTS 8 Section 1

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Exercise 9: Questions 1-10 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

West Bay Hotel - Details of job Example:

Answer

temporary staff - Newspaper advert for .................. Vacancies for 1........................ Two shifts Can choose your 2........................ [must be the same each week] Pay: £5.50 per hour,including a 3........................ A 4........................is provided in the hotel Total weekly pay: £231 Dress: a white shirt and 5........................ trousers [not supplied] a 6........................ [supplied] Starting date: 7........................ Call Jane 8........................ [Service Manager] before 9........................ tomorrow [Tel: 832009] She'll require a 10........................

Source: Cambridge IELTS 8 Section 1

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Exercise 10: Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Job Enquiry Example Work at:

a................... restaurant

Type of work:1............................................ Number of hours per week:12 hours Would need work permit Work in the: 2............................................ branch Nearest bus stop:next to 3 ............................................ Pay:4 £.............................................an hour Extra benefits: - a free dinner - extra pay when you work on 5...................................... - transport home when you work 6........................................ Qualities required: - 7......................................... - ability to 8............................................ Interview arranged for: Thursday 9............................................ at 6 p.m. Bring the names of two referees Ask for: Samira 10............................................

Source: Cambridge IELTS 9 Section 1

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Exercise 11: Questions 1-10 Complete the form below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Accommodation Form - Student Information Example Type of accommodation:

hall of residence ........

Name:

Anu 1..........................

Date of birth:

2..........................

Countryolorigin:

India

Course of study:

3..........................

Number of years planned in hall

4..........................

Preferred catering arrangement:

hallboard

Special dietary requirements:

no 5.................[red]

Preferred room type:

a single 6........................

Interests:

the 7.....................badminton

PriotitlesIn choice of hall:

to be with other students who are 8............ to live outside the 9........................ to have a 10.................area for socialising

Contact phone number.

667549 Source: Cambridge IELTS 7 - Section 1

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Exercise 12: Questions 1-6 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD for each answer.

Self - Drive Tours in the USA Example

Name: Andrea ..Brown ............

Address: Postcode: Phone: Heard about company from: Possible self-drive tours

24 1........................................... Road BH5 20P [mobile] 077 8664 3091 2...........................................

Trip One: Los Angeles:customer wants to visit some 3........................................... parks with her children Yosemite Park: customer wants to stay in a lodge,not a 4......................................... Trip Two: Customer wants to see the 5........................................... on die way to Cambria At Santa Monica: not Interested in shopping At San Diego,wants to spend time on the 6 ........................................... Source: Cambridge IELTS 10 Section 1

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Exercise 13: Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORDAND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Transport Survey Example

bus Travelled to town today: by .......... Name: Luisa 1...................................... Address: 2.......................................White Stone Rd Area: Bradfield Postcode: 3 ...................................... Occupation: 4........................................... Reason for visit to town: to go to the 5...................................... Suggestions for Improvement: better 6...................................... have more footpaths more frequent 7..................................... Things that would encourage cycling to work: having 8 . parking places for bicycles being able to use a 9 . at work the opportunity to have cycling 10. on busy roads

Source: Cambridge IELTS 10 Section 1

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Exercise 14: Complete the form below. Write ONE WORD AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Early Learning Childcare Centre Enrolment Form Example Parent or guardian: Carol

Smith .........

Personal Details Child's name: Kate Age: 1....................................... Address: 2 .........................................Road,Woodside,4032 Phone: 3345 9865 Childcare Information Days enrolled for: Monday and 3.......................................... Start time:4........................................... am Childcare group:the 5..........................................group Which meal/s are required each day? 6........................................... Medical conditions:needs 7........................................ Emergency contact: Jenny 8 ....................................... Phone:3346 7523 Relationship to child: 9.................................... Fees Will pay each 10...................................

Source: Cambridge IELTS 10 Section 1

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Exercise 15: Questions 1-6 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Thorndykes Builders Example

friend

Customer heard about Thorndyke's from a ...........

Name: Address:

Edith 1....................................... Flat 4, 2............................... Park Flats [Behind the 3............................... ] Phone number: 875934 Best time to contact customer: during the 4........................... Where to park: opposite entrance next to the 5............................. Needs full quote showing all the jobs and the 6................................

Source: Cambridge IELTS 10 Section 1

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Dạng 3:

Map Labelling

Đây là dạng câu hỏi hay xuất hiện trong section 2. Ban đầu, thí sinh sẽ rất hay sai dạng câu hỏi này vì khó khăn trong việc định hướng trên biểu đồ và nghe thông tin dài, nhưng nếu được hướng dẫn, bạn sẽ có thể cải thiện chất lượng câu đúng khá nhanh, vì Map labelling không có quá nhiều từ vựng khó. a. Kiến thức Đặc điểm của dạng Map Labelling - Dạng câu hỏi này CHỈ xuất hiện trong Section 2 của bài thi IELTS Listening - Có hai dạng Map labelling với yêu cầu có đôi chút khác nhau

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Dạng 1: Bạn được cung cấp một biểu đồ với nhiều vị trí được cho tên từ trước, nhiều vị trí thì được đánh chữ A, B, C, D .. Các câu hỏi sẽ tương ứng với các địa điểm khác nhau và bạn cần nối các địa điểm này tương ứng với các vị trí A, B, C hay D trên biểu đồ.

Art and History in the Sheepmarket

Hill Road

Public Gardens

City Road

Bank

Station Square Crawley Road

15 16 17 18 19 20

The Reynolds House The Thumb The Museum The Contemporary Art Gallery The Warner Gallery Nucleus

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............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ............................... ...............................

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Dạng 2: Trên biểu đồ có một số vị trí trống, được đánh số tương ứng với số câu hỏi. Bạn cần nghe và tự điền tên địa điểm tương ứng theo mô tả trong bài nghe. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Agricultural Park

Rare Breeds Section

YOU ARE HERE

Reception Block

Grazing Area

12.................. Area

Experimental Crops Area Lake

Marsh

13.............. 14.................. Area

- Trong biểu đồ, sẽ có những địa điểm được xác định trước [như Bank, School, Supermarket ..] và các địa điểm còn khuyết sẽ được mô tả bám theo các địa điểm đã cho sẵn này - Thường bạn sẽ có 1 điểm làm gốc, là địa điểm bạn bắt đầu khám phá biểu đồ. Những địa điểm này sẽ được đánh dấu bằng: YOU ARE HERE, hoặc Entrance, hoặc Information desk ..

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Nhóm từ vựng miêu tả Map Có 3 nhóm từ vựng chính được nhắc đến trên Map. Trước khi nghe Map, bạn nên học các từ vựng này trước để nắm bắt những từ vựng thường hay xuất hiện trong bài nghe. Nhóm từ vựng chỉ phương hướng Với tất cả các biểu đồ Map, bạn có thể áp sơ đồ chỉ hướng dưới đây để đọc các địa điểm nằm ở hướng nào. - To/ in the north/ south/ east/ west: Về phía bắc/ nam/ đông/ tây - To/ in the north-east/ south-east/ north-west/ south-west: Về phía đông bắc/ đông nam/ tây bắc/ tây nam - In the north/ south/ east/ west corner: Ở góc bắc/ nam/ đông/ tây

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Nhóm từ vựng chỉ vị trí

trên

trong

...xa so với

[từ ngoài] vào trong

xuống

xuyên qua

lên trên

đằng trước

đằng sau

dọc theo

vượt qua

băng ngang qua

[từ trong] ra ngoài

về phía.../ tới ....

[từ dưới] lên trên

[từ trên] xuống dưới

không xa so với

ở đâu, cạnh đâu

gần

đối diện

ở giữa [2 cái]

ở phái bên trái

ở giữa [nhiều cái]

ở trung tâm

ở dưới

ở trên

ở trên [có ở dưới [có khoảng cách] khoảng cách]

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xung quanh

xa so với

quanh góc

ở phía bên phải

tựa lưng vào

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Nhóm từ vựng tả đường

Asking Directions in English

Từ vựng hỏi đường trong tiếng Anh

How do I get to library?

Đi đến thư viện như thế nào?

Where is the nearest post office?

Phòng cảnh sát gần nhất ở đâu?

Can you tell me the way to the Big Hotel?

Bạn có thể chỉ tôi cách đến khách sạn Big không?

Are we on the right road for London?

Liệu chúng ta đang đi đúng đường để đến London không nhỉ?

Can you show me on the map, please?

Bạn có thể chỉ tôi đường đi trên biểu đồ không?

Im looking for this address.

Tôi đang tìm địa chỉ này

How do I find?

Làm thế nào tôi có thể tìm..

Excuse me, How can I go to ?

Xin lỗi nhưng tôi đi đến . như thế nào?

Do you have a map?

Bạn có sơ đồ không?

Are you from around here?

Bạn có ở quanh đây không?

Where is ?

.. ở đâu nhỉ?

Which the best way to ?

Con đường dễ nhất để đến .. như thế nào?

Pardon me, Im lost, how do I get to ?

Xin lỗi, tôi lạc đường, tôi đến . như thế nào?

Could you direct me to ?

Bạn có thể chỉ tôi đường đến

May I ask for some help? I need to get to ? Bạn giúp tôi được không? Tôi cần đi đến ?

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Showing directions in English go straight = head for ... Đi thẳng

cross the road Đi ngang qua đường

turn right Rẽ phải

turn left Rẽ trái

cross the crosswalk: Đi sang đường chỗ vạch kẻ đường

go past: Đi quá

Đi qua cầu

If you reach A, it means you've gone too far: Nếu bạn đi đến A, nghĩa là bạn đi xa quá rồi đấy

In the roundabout, take the first exit

1. Take the first right = take the first turning on the right = turn right into .: Rẽ phải ở lối rẽ số 1

Đến bùng binh/ vòng xuyến, đi vào lối rẽ đầu tiên

2. Take the second right = Take the second turning on the right = turn right into ..: Rẽ phải ở lối rẽ số 2

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Một số cụm từ mô tả đường đi khác: - leave/ go out of/ walk out from the hall by the door opposite reception: Ra khỏi hội trường qua cánh cửa đối diện bàn tiếp tân - follow/ walk along the corridor to the end: đi dọc đến cuối hành lang - along the main road to the east: đi theo con đường chính về phía đông - this is directly/ right behind the main hospital building: địa điểm đó ngay đằng sau toà nhà chính của bệnh viện - turn left into Type Road: rẽ trái vào đường Type - go up to the footpath until your reach the circle of trees: đi thẳng lên theo đường đi bộ cho đến khi đi đến 1 vòng tròn nhiều cây - turn right at the top of Willow Lane: trên cùng của đường Willow thì rẽ phải - take all the way up to the Pine street = follow the way until it joins Pine street: đi hết con đường cho đến khi nó giao với đường Pine - on the far side of the railway tracks: ở phía bên kia của đường ray

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Nhóm từ vựng chỉ các địa điểm phổ biến trên Map

traffic lights: đèn tín hiệu giao thông

roundabout: bùng binh/ vòng xuyến

sidewalk: đường đi bộ zebra-crossing: vạch kẻ đường crossroad/ intersection: ngã tư

Một số địa điểm khác hay xuất hiện trên Map

- footpath: đường mòn - reception block: khu vực lễ tân - main door: cửa chính - main path/ road: đường chính - entrance: cửa chính - stage: sân khấu - basement: tầng hầm - the ground floor: tầng một - corridor: hành lang - park: công viên

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- theatre: rạp hát - post office: bưu điện - garden: vườn - picnic area: khu vực dã ngoại - wildlife area: khu vực động vật hoang dã - forest area: khu vực rừng - lake: hồ - wooded area: khu vực có nhiều cây cối

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Cách làm dạng Map Bước 1: Xác định dạng Map Labelling Đọc thật kỹ đề bài, xem đề yêu cầu điền từ vào bản đồ hay lựa chọn đáp án. Nếu là điền từ vào chỗ trống, ghi chú lại giới hạn số lượng từ cho phép. Bước 2: Phân tích thật kỹ biểu đồ - Thông tin 1: Xác định các phương hướng cụ thể cho map Các bạn nên vẽ luôn vào đề của mình cho tiện theo dõi: north/ top [phía bắc đồng thời cũng là phía trên cùng của bản đồ] - south/ bottom [phía nam đồng thời cũng là phía đáy của bản đồ] - east/ right [phía đông đồng thời cũng là phía bên phải của bản đồ] - west/ left [phía tây đồng thời cũng là phía bên trái của bản đồ]. - Thông tin 2: Định vị biểu đồ Đánh dấu các địa điểm/ footnote đã được xác định trong map, sau đó xác định mỗi lựa chọn đáp án đứng ở vị trí như thế nào so với địa điểm đó [ví dụ: lựa chọn H đứng về bên left of the car park] Note: footnote là ghi chú nhỏ ở dưới đáy bên góc bên trái dưới hình, như trong ví dụ dưới đây:

Như trong ví dụ trên, có 2 footnote được ghi chú, đó là: - ghi chú các đường kẻ dọc: là bamboo fences - ghi chú các đường kẻ ngang: là footpath

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Bước 3: Nghe audio và đánh dấu theo mô tả Trong khi nghe audio, hãy dùng bút để di chuyển hướng đi theo mô tả của người nói để tránh bị bỏ sót một thông tin nào trong bài nghe. Bước 4: Đối chiếu đáp án Rất lưu ý bạn nên đọc lại transcript sau khi đối chiếu đáp án, để xem có từ vựng nào của Map mà mình chưa biết trước đó hay không. Cải thiện vốn từ là cách dễ nhất để học Map.

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Điểm khó của dạng câu hỏi Map Dễ bị nhầm lẫn giữa các phương hướng Khi nghe mô tả về một địa điểm nào nhất định trong biểu đồ, việc xác định các phương hướng, vị trí của địa điểm A nằm như thế nào [gần/ đối diện/ cùng chiếu] với địa điểm B. Ví dụ: khi người nói mô tả nó nằm ở phía Đông, chúng ta có thể dễ dàng bị nhầm sang thành phía Tây. Đó là lý do vì sao việc xác định trước các hướng, và vị trí của từng lựa chọn đối với các địa điểm cho trước lại quan trọng đến thế. Khi bạn vẽ ra các hướng cụ thể vào trong biểu đồ, bạn sẽ không bị nhầm lẫn, hay rối rắm giữa các hướng với nhau. Vì vậy, trước khi file nghe được bật lên, hãy xác định các hướng bằng cách vẽ vào bản đồ như thế này:

North/ Top

West/ Left

East/ Right

South/ Bottom

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Dễ bị bỏ sót một trong số các thông tin được nhắc đến Một địa điểm trong mỗi câu hỏi thường được mô tả qua ít nhất từ 2 - 3 đặc điểm khác nhau, nhiều địa điểm người nói còn mô tả đến 5 đặc điểm thì mới có thể tìm ra vị trí chính xác của nó trên bản đồ. Nếu bạn không theo kịp với tốc độ của người nói, bạn dễ dàng bị bỏ sót một trong các thông tin được đề cập đến và kết quả là bạn có thể chọn sai đáp án. Chính vì vậy, một trong những tip khi làm dạng bài Map đó là hãy cho chiếc bút của bạn đi lại trong biểu đồ đó, hay nói cách khác là dùng bút đi theo từng mô tả của người nói. Ví dụ: Dưới đây là phân tích về cách làm vào một đề bài cụ thể: Vị trí của địa điểm cần tìm được mô tả qua 3 đặc điểm: - Đặc điểm mô tả 1: go from Crawley Road up through Station Square [đi từ đường Crawley Road lên qua Station Square]

Art and History in the Sheepmarket

Hill Road

Public Gardens

Mô tả 1: đứng ở đây!

City Road

Bank

Station Square Crawley Road

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- Đặc điểm mô tả 2: east along Hill Road until get to a small winding road on your right, turning off [đi về phía đông dọc theo đường Hill Road cho đến khi gặp một đường uốn khúc bên tay phải thì dừng lại]

Art and History in the Sheepmarket

Public Gardens

City Road

Bank

Hill Road Mô tả 2: đứng ở đây!

Station Square Crawley Road

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- Đặc điểm mô tả 3: Go up there and its on your right [đi lên trên con đường uốn khúc này và bạn sẽ thấy nó ở bên phải của bạn]

Art and History in the Sheepmarket

Đáp án đây rồi!!!

Hill Road

Public Gardens

City Road

Bank

Station Square Crawley Road

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/ drive.google.com/drive/folders/1uCwewZq0oshS-j2rMxSnkaHXQN3E-dEu

b. Bài tập thực hành Exercise 1:

Sports Hall

Listen and label the plan Write the correct letter A-K next to questions 1-5

Classrooms

Reception Parking area for bicycles

College entrance

1. Administration office 2. Cafe 3. Student common room 4. Lockers 5. Library Source: Complete IELTS band 4-5

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Exercise 2: Label the map below Write the correct letter A-H next to questions 6-10

TYE ROAD

MAIN BUILDING

BACK EXIT

6. recreation centre 7. health centre 8. swimming pool and sauna 9. health-food store 10. Jennys Restaurant

Source: Complete IELTS band 5.5-6.5

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Exercise 3: Questions 15-20 Label the plan below Write the correct letter A-I next to questions 15-20

Hadley Park Community Gardens Project Island

bicycle track

Fruit bushes

Car park bamboo fences footpath

15. Vegetables beds 16. Bee hives 17. Seating 18. Adventure playground 19. Sand area 20. Pond

IELTS Thanh Loan

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 4:

MO UN TA IN

RO AD

Questions 11-15 Label the map below Write the correct letter A-H next to questions 11-15

Old railway station PINE STREET

Town hall

POND W

Ski passes

old railway line

IL L

O W LA

NE

Tourist information centre

11. Supermarket 12. Climbing supplies store 13. Museum 14. Bike hire 15. Cafe

Source: The official Guide to IELTS

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Exercise 5: Questions 17-20 Label the map below Write the correct letter A-F next to questions 17-20

Anglia Sculpture Park

Steps

Upper Lake

Lower Lake

Bridge Education Centre

You are here

Car park

Visitor Centre Entrance

17. Joe Tremain sculptures 18. Giorgio Catalucci bird sculptures 19. Garden Gallery 20. Long House

Source: The official Guide to IELTS

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Exercise 6: Questions 11-15 Label the plan below Write the correct letter A-H next to questions 11-15

Plan of Learning Resource Centre [Ground Floor]

Study area

Car park

Stairs

Desk Entrance

11. Newspapers 12. Computers 13. Photocopiers 14. Cafe 15. Sports books

Source: The official Guide to IELTS

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Exercise 7: Listen and label the plan below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

1. 2. 3.

............ ............ ............

Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 8: Questions 5-7 Label the plan below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Swimming Pool

Gym

Skate Arena

Reception

Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 9: Questions 15-17 Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Lake

Island

Stadium

Swimming Pool

Benches

Tower

Indoor Arena

You are here

Pond

Station

Source: Cambridge IELTS 7

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Exercise 10: Questions 12-14 Label the plan below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Agricultural Park

Rara Breeds Section

YOU ARE HERE

Reception Block

Grazing Area Area

Experimental Crops Area

Lake

Marsh

The

Area

Source: Cambridge IELTS 8

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Exercise 11: Questions 14-20 Label the map below Write the correct letter A-H next to questions 14-20

Red Hill Improvement Plan EV EL YN

LL HI

LL HI

CA R

ET RE T S

ET RE T S

BE RR Y

ST RE ET

SUP

ER MA RK ET

DA YS R

T

S MA O H

RE ST

STR EE T

OA D

ET

14. trees 15. wider footpaths 16. coloured road surface 17. new sign 18. traffic lights 19. artwork 20. childrens playground

Source: Cambridge IELTS 8

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Exercise 12: Questions 17-20 Label the map below Write the correct letter A-I next to questions 17-20

Hinchingbrooke Park East gate

NORTH

West gate

Refreshments

WEST

EAST

SOUTH

17. bird hide 18. dog-walking area 19. flower garden 20. wooded area

Source: Cambridge IELTS 9

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Dạng 4:

Short answer question

Short answer question là dạng câu hỏi nghe và đưa ra câu trả lời ngắn. Nếu trước đây khi nghe bạn chỉ cần trả lời đúng thông tin tương ứng với câu hỏi, không bị giới hạn từ thì khi nghe IELTS Listening, các câu trả lời sẽ bị giới hạn từ. a. Kiến thức Đặc điểm của dạng Short Answer Questions - Có thể xuất hiện khắp mọi nơi trong IELTS Listening, từ section 1 đến section 4. Nhưng càng xuất hiện ở những section sau thì chứng tỏ độ khó sẽ tăng dần. Ví dụ của short answer questions ở section 1, tương ứng với câu hỏi 9-10 Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer Which two pieces of equipment will the students use in the study? 9 ............. 10 .............

Cũng có khi Short answer questions xuất hiện ở section 3, và thay bằng tìm 1 đáp án, chúng ta phải nghe để tìm hai đáp án đúng cho cùng 1 câu hỏi Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer What TWO biofuel-related problems do Mike and Karine decide to focus on in the last section of their presentation? 27 ...................... 28 ...................... Which two sources of biofuel do Mike and Karina say are being tried out 29 ...................... 30 ......................

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Có những lúc Short answer questions xuất hiện ở cả section 4 và chắc chắn sẽ khó hơn nhiều so với câu hỏi ở section 1 Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer What TWO images drawn by Aboriginal people show their contact with Europeans? - 37 ................. - 38 ................. Which human activities does the lecturer say are the main threats to Aboriginal rock art? - 39 ................. - vandalism - 40 .................

- Xuất hiện dưới đa dạng hình thức các câu hỏi khác nhau: Who - hỏi về người What - hỏi về sự vật, sự việc Which - sự lựa chọn How many/ How much - hỏi về lượng How often - hỏi về tần suất How - hỏi về cách thức - Nhiệm vụ của dạng này là trả lời câu hỏi với giới hạn từ cần điền cho trước: thường dao động từ ONE WORD [một từ] đến THREE WORDS [ba từ].

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Các loại câu hỏi kèm nhóm từ vựng cho câu trả lời Chúng ta cùng tìm hiểu một số nhóm câu hỏi, từ để hỏi thường xuất hiện trong IELTS Listening. Nhóm câu hỏi thứ nhất: là nhóm câu hỏi chỉ cần dựa vào từ để hỏi là chúng ta có thể xác định được nhóm từ vựng cần điền trong câu trả lời. Loại câu hỏi này bao gồm các từ để hỏi là: How often/ How much/ How many/ How feel/ How travel/ When/ Where/ Who ... HOW OFTEN Là câu hỏi chỉ mức độ thường xuyên ai đó thực hiện một hành động gì. Ví dụ: How often do you go swimming? [Bạn có thường xuyên đi bơi không] Trả lời: I go swimming every afternoon/ on a daily basis [Tôi đi bơi mỗi ngày] Đối với câu hỏi HOW OFTEN, thông tin bạn cần nghe đó là thông tin chỉ mức độ thường xuyên như một lần một tuần/ 2 lần một tháng/ 1 năm 2 lần Để trả lời dạng câu hỏi này, các bạn rất cần quan tâm đến các trạng từ tần suất trong câu, hoặc các cụm từ nói về tần suất. - always/ often/ usually/ sometimes/ occasionally: luôn luôn/ thường xuyên/ thường thường/ thỉnh thoảng/ đôi khi - from time to time: đôi khi - rarely/ seldom/ scarcely/ hardly ever: hiếm khi - never: không bao giờ - once = every = one time: một lần - twice = two times: hai lần - every day/ week/ month/ year: mỗi ngày/ tuần/ tháng/ năm - three/ four/ five/ six ten times: ba lần/ bốn/ năm/ sáu mười lần - every/ once/ one time a day/ week/ month/ year: mỗi ngày/ tuần/ tháng/ năm một lần - twice/ two times a week/ month/ year: mỗi tuần/ tháng/ năm hai lần - three times/ four times a week/ month/ year: mỗi tuần/ tháng/ năm 2 lần/ 4 lần - every/ once/ one time + three days/ weeks/ months/ years: 3 ngày/ tuần/ tháng/ năm 1 lần - every Tuesday: mỗi ngày thứ 3 hàng tuần - every other day = every second day: 2 ngày 1 lần

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HOW MUCH/ MANY Câu hỏi này hỏi về số lượng của một vật cụ thể. Vì vậy, câu trả lời cần đưa ra là một số lượng cụ thể cho vật đó. Cụ thể như sau: How many + N [đếm được] + trợ động từ + S + verb Trả lời: số lượng + noun [đôi khi danh từ được cho sẵn trong câu hỏi]

Ví dụ: How many books did you buy? [Bạn đã mua bao nhiêu cuốn sách] Trả lời: one book/ five books [1 cuốn/ 5 cuốn] How much + N [không đếm được] + trợ động từ + S + verb Trả lời: số lượng + noun Ví dụ: How much sugar would you like? [Bạn muốn bao nhiêu đường] Trả lời: one gram/ two kilograms [1 lạng/ 2 cân] Note: Khi câu hỏi sử dụng từ để hỏi How much và How many thì thường câu trả lời chỉ tồn tại dưới dạng con số, không cần nói rõ đơn vị. Ví dụ: How many tickets do you want to buy? Trả lời: 4 / four

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HOW FELL Câu hỏi này hỏi về cảm xúc của một ai đó với một việc gì. Chính vì vậy mà từ keyword [chính] cần được đưa ra trong câu trả lời là tính từ miêu tả cảm xúc.

Tính từ miêu tả cảm xúc tích cực - happy: vui - amused: vui - delighted: vui - excited: hào hứng - wonderful: tuyệt vời - confident: tự tin - surprised: ngạc nhiên

Tính từ miêu tả cảm xúc tiêu cực - unhappy: buồn - upset: buồn - worried: lo lắng - terrified: sợ hãi - tired: mệt - scared: sợ hãi - disappointed: thất vọng - embarrassed: xấu hổ - bored: chán

HOW TRAVEL TO? Bạn đã đi đến đâu đó bằng phương tiện gì. Câu hỏi này hỏi về phương tiện đi lại, vậy nên nhóm từ vựng chúng ta cần biết cho câu trả lời đó là: nhóm từ vựng về các phương tiện đi lại. Một số danh từ chỉ phương tiện đi lại đó là: - car: ô tô - motorbike/ motorcycle: xe máy - bus: xe buýt - bicycle / bike: xe đạp - train: tàu - aeroplane: máy bay - tram: xe điện - taxi/ cab: xe taxi Note: Khi câu hỏi sử dụng How ...travel to? thường đáp án chỉ cần ghi phương tiện đó là gì, không cần giới từ phía trước. Ví dụ: How did group A travel to school? Trả lời: bus [không cần ghi: by bus]

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WHEN Câu hỏi ai đó làm cái gì khi nào? là loại câu hỏi hỏi về thời gian. Vì vậy, thông tin cần được đề cập đến trong câu trả lời của loại câu hỏi này sẽ là từ vựng chỉ thời gian. Ví dụ: When will you go to the park with your little brother? [bạn đến công viên với em trai khi nào?] Trả lời: I will go to the park tomorrow/ at the weekend ... [tôi đến công viên vào ngày mai/ vào cuối tuần ] Một số từ vựng chỉ thời gian: - yesterday: hôm qua - the last week/ month/ year: vào tuần trước/ tháng trước/ năm trước - one month/ year ago: một tháng/ năm trước - three months/ years ago: ba tháng/ năm trước

- today: hôm nay - tonight: tối nay - tomorrow: ngày mai - at the weekend: vào cuối tuần này - in the next week/ summer/ year: trong tuần tới/ mùa hè năm tới/ năm tới

Note: Khi câu hỏi sử dụng When? đáp án thường là cụm danh từ chứ không đi kèm giới từ Ví dụ: When did people first find fossils of dinosaur? Trả lời: 29,000 years [ago]

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WHERE Câu hỏi Ai đó làm gì ở đâu là loại câu hỏi hỏi về địa điểm. Vì vậy, thông tin cần được đề cập đến trong câu trả lời đó là từ vựng chỉ địa điểm. Câu hỏi: Where + trợ động từ + S + verb? Câu trả lời: S + verb + IN/ ON/ AT + từ vựng chỉ địa điểm Ví dụ: Where did you play badminton? [Bạn chơi đánh cầu lông ở đâu?] Trả lời: park Tuy nhiên, nhóm từ vựng chỉ địa điểm này rất đa dạng nên không có danh sách từ vựng cho sẵn.

WHO Câu hỏi Ai đó làm việc gì là loại câu hỏi hỏi về người. Vì vậy, thông tin cần được đề cập đến trong câu trả lời là nhóm từ vựng chỉ người. Câu hỏi: Who + verb? Câu trả lời: Danh từ [chỉ người] Ví dụ: Who recommend you about this gym club? Trả lời: friends

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Nhóm câu hỏi thứ hai: nhóm câu hỏi có tính liệt kê hoặc lựa chọn sự vật sự việc khác nhau WHAT Câu hỏi Cái gì là một loại câu hỏi rất rộng, và thông thường để đưa ra câu trả lời cho câu hỏi với what, bạn phải dựa vào cụm từ chính trong câu hỏi đó. Ví dụ 1: What are the main activities of the event yesterday? [Hoạt động chính của sự kiện ngày hôm qua là gì?] Cụm từ chính của câu hỏi là: main activities [các hoạt động chính], ví dụ như là singing, dancing, playing games Ví dụ 2: What TWO environment-related problems do both students decide to focus on in the last section of their presentation? Cụm từ chỉnh của câu hỏi là: environment-related problems [các vấn đề liên quan đến môi trường], ví dụ như air pollution, water pollution, climate change [ô nhiễm không khí, ô nhiễm nước, thay đổi khí hậu ]

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WHICH Nếu câu hỏi sử dụng từ Which, đồng nghĩa với việc bạn sẽ được cung cấp rất nhiều đáp án khác nhau và bạn phải lựa chọn xem đâu là đáp án đúng, trong khi đó với từ để hỏi là What thì bạn không được gợi ý đáp án. Tương tự với What, với từ để hỏi Which, bạn cũng rất cần chú ý đến những danh từ mang nội dung ý nghĩa chính trong câu. Ví dụ 1: Which two pieces of equipment will the students use in the study? [Hai loại thiết bị học sinh cần sử dụng trong học tập là gì?] Xác định được cụm từ chính trong câu hỏi là pieces of equipment mà cần dùng trong học tập, nên các đáp án đi kèm có thể là computer, projector, interactive whiteboard Ví dụ 2: Which human activities does the lecturer say are the main threats to the environment? [Các hoạt động của con người mà tác giả nói là các mối đe dọa chính đến môi trường là gì?] Xác định được cụm từ chính trong câu hỏi là: human activities mà có ảnh hưởng đến môi trường, nên các đáp án đi kèm có thể là cutting down trees, releasing greenhouse gas emissions in the air

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Cách làm dạng câu hỏi Short Answer Questions Bước 1: Yêu cầu của đề bài Xác định giới hạn số lượng từ vựng được điền vào mỗi câu trả lời Gạch chân keyword [từ khóa] của mỗi câu hỏi để xác định nội dung câu hỏi [thường là các danh từ mang nội dung ý nghĩa chính trong câu] Bước 2: Chú ý từ để hỏi Xác định từ để hỏi của mỗi câu hỏi, từ đó xác định nhóm từ vựng cần điền cho mỗi chỗ trống. Ví dụ: How often câu trả lời là từ vựng thuộc nhóm trạng từ chỉ tần suất Hay: How you feel câu trả lời là từ vựng thuộc nhóm tính từ chỉ cảm xúc ... Bước 3: Nghe và chọn đáp án Trong lúc nghe đừng cố gắng bắt được từ vựng chính xác trong câu hỏi sẽ xuất hiện trong bài nghe vì thông tin trong bài nghe thường sẽ được diễn đạt theo một cách khác. Cần đảm bảo lựa chọn đáp án phù hợp với giới hạn từ được cung cấp trong phần câu hỏi, vì nếu quá giới hạn từ, bạn cũng không được cho điểm

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b. Bài tập thực hành

/ drive.google.com/drive/folders/1uCwewZq0oshS-j2rMxSnkaHXQN3E-dEu

Exercise 1: Listen and answer questions 1-3 Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. 1. Which two classes did Debbie go to last week? 2. Why didnt Penny like yoga? 3. Where is Penny going next week? Source: Listening for IELTS Exercise 2: Listen and answer questions 8-10 Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. 8. Name two times that Brad will visit the gym 9. What convinced Brad to choose Smiths gym? 10. What does Brad want to achieve at the gym? Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 3: Questions 7-10 Answer the questions below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. 7. What does the student particularly like to eat? 8. What sport does the student play? 9. What mode of transport does the student prefer? 10. When will the student find out her homestay address? Source: Cambridge IELTS 7

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Exercise 4: Questions 6-10 Answer the questions below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Lifestyle questionnaire 6. What exercise do you do regularly? 7. Do you have any injuries? 8. What is your goal or target? 9. What is your occupation? 10. How did you hear about the clucb?

Source: The official guide to IELTS Exercise 5: Questions 11-17 Answer the question below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer

Sea Life Centre information 11. What was the Sea Life Centre previously called? 12. What is the newest attraction called? 13. When is the main feeding time? 14. What can you do with a VIP ticket? 15. What special event will the Sea Life Centre arrange for you? 16. Where will the petition for animal conservation be sent to? 17. What can you use to test what you have learnt?

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 6: Questions 11-13 Answer the questions below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. 11. When does the tour finish? 12. Which area is not shown on the tour? 13. Which landmark does the tour guide recommend the tourists should visit? Source: Listening for IELTS Exercise 7: Questions 35-37 Answer the questions below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. 35. For whom were mechanical clicks not original built? 36. What reason is given for having a standardised time? 37. Where are the atomic clocks kept? Source: Listening for IELTS Exercise 8: Questions 37-40 Answer the questions below Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer What TWO images drawn by Aboriginal people show their contact with Europeans? 37.......................... 38.......................... Which human activities does the lecturer say are the main threats to Aboriginal rock art? 39.......................... 40.......................... Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 9: Questions 26-30 Answer the question below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer 26. What part of the assignment is Alan going to start working on? 27. Where will Melanie get more information on used paper collection? 28. What will they add to the assignment to make it more interesting? 29. What do you agree to complete by the end of the month? 30. Who will they ask to review their work? Source: The official guide to IELTS Exercise 10: Questions 1-4 Listen and answer questions in NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER 1. What percentage of women in their early thirties still live with their parents? 2. When were house prices only three times the average yearly income? 3. What is the reason that people return to their parental home after university? 4. Who does the Affordable Housing Scheme aim to help? Source: Listening for IELTS Exercise 11: Questions 5-8 Answer the questions below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer 5. How many children in the UK now live in single parent families? 6. According to some sociologists, who are responsible for the rise in single parenting? 7. What have the largest group of lone parents never done? 8. Where are single parent families more likely to live? Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 12: Questions 1-4 Answer the questions below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer According to Phil, what are the 2 problems with some renewable energy sources? 1. ..................... 2. ..................... List 2 things that Professor Jenkins wants to see in the students report. 3. ..................... 4. ..................... Source: Listening for IELTS Exercise 13: Questions 26-30 Answer the questions below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer 26. How did the students do their practical sessions? 27. In the second semester how often did Kira work in a hospital? 28. How much full-time work did Kira do during the year? 29. Having completed the year, how does Kira feel? 30. In addition to the language, what do overseas students need to become familiar with? Source: Cambridge IELTS 9

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Dạng 5:

Diagram/ Flow-chart Labelling

- Diagram: a simple drawing using lines to explain where something is, how something works, etc. - sơ đồ Diagram sẽ cung cấp một bức vẽ của một thiết bị, một hệ thống nào đó với một số thông tin còn thiếu. Bạn cần nghe và điền vào vị trí đó thông tin thích hợp - Flow-chart: a diagram that shows the connections between the different stages of a process or parts of a system - quy trình Flow-chart mô tả các bước của một quy trình nào đó, được chuyển tiếp bằng các mũi tên. Ở mỗi bước sẽ có 1 số thông tin còn thiếu, bạn cần nghe để điền vào chỗ trống với thông tin thích hợp a. Kiến thức Một số đặc điểm của Diagram và Flow-chart labelling - Thường xuất hiện trong Section 2 và Section 3 của bài thi IELTS Listening. - Có 2 cách đưa ra câu hỏi Loại 1: Điền vào Flow-chart/ Diagram với List các lựa chọn cho trước Như vậy, trong phần đáp án các bạn phải điền chữ cái chứ không phải từ.

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Label a diagram below Choose THREE answers from the box and write the correct letter A-E next to questions 11-13 A. Electricity indicator B. On/off switch C. Reset button D. Time control E. Warning indicator

Ví dụ:

Câu 11. A Đúng Câu 11. electricity indicator SAI Thông thường, đề bài thường cho nhiều lựa chọn hơn số câu hỏi , vì vậy sẽ có một vài lựa chọn không phải là đáp án cho câu hỏi nào.

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Loại 2: Điền từ vào chỗ trống với Giới hạn từ, như NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER. Như vậy, trong phần đáp án loại này các bạn phải điền từ hay số. Complete the flow-chart below Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Advice on exam preparation Make sure you know the exam requirements

Find some past papers

Work out your 27.......................... for revision and write them on a card

Make a 28.......................and keep it in view

Divide revision into 29....................for each day

Write one 30.............................about each topic

Practice writing some exam answers Ví dụ:

Câu 27. pictures Đúng Câu 27. pictures and diagrams SAI vì quá giới hạn từ

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Các nhóm từ vựng hữu ích Có hai nhóm từ vựng quan trọng hay xuất hiện trong Flowchart và Diagram mà bạn cần chuẩn bị. Nhóm 1: Từ vựng chỉ quy trình/ giai đoạn Một flow-chart [biểu đồ phát triển] hay một diagram [biểu đồ] bao gồm nhiều bước/ giai đoạn/ bộ phận khác nhau, vì vậy người nói cần sử dụng đến các nhóm từ vựng mô tả các giai đoạn của một quy trình để biết người nói đang mô tả đến bước nào.

Giai đoạn đầu tiên

Giai đoạn tiếp theo

- First,.../ Firstly,... / First of all, / Initially, ... - To start with, .../ To begin with, ... - At the first/ initial stage/ step of the process, ... - It starts with/ begins with ... - Lets begin/ start by ...

- Second, .../ Secondly, .../ Next, .../ Then, .../ After that, - At the next stage of the process, - Moving on to the next stage/ step - The next stage/ step involves ... - It continues with ...

Giai đoạn cuối cùng

Tại một giai đoạn nào đó

- Finally, .../ Lastly, ... - At the final stage/ step of the process, - It ends with/ ends up with ...

- At this point, - At this stage of the process, ...

Ví dụ: At the first step of the process, students have to read some relevant articles on the Internet to gain basic knowledge about it. Then, they should make an outline of what includes in the research. It ends with a short and clear conclusion.

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Nhóm 2: Từ vựng miêu tả vị trí/ đặc điểm Diagram sẽ mô tả bộ phận của một thiết bị nào đó nên sẽ mô tả vị trí của bộ phận đó trên thiết bị. Chúng ta có thể lưu ý một số những từ chỉ vị trí và đặc điểm của bộ phận như sau: VỊ TRÍ - It is on the right/ left side: nó nằm ở bên phải/ bên trái - It is at the top/ at the bottom: nó nằm ở trên/ dưới đáy - It is in the middle of/ in the centre of something: nó nằm ở giữa cái gì - Its above/ over something: nó nằm trên cái gì - Its under/ below something: nó nằm dưới cái gì - Its in front of something/ behind something: nó nằm trước/ đằng sau cái gì - Its near/ close to something: nó gần với cái gì - Its opposite/ across from something: nó nằm đối diện với cái gì Ví dụ: The button opposite the control one is the volume. [Nút đối diện với nút điều khiển là nút chỉnh âm lượng] HÌNH DẠNG - It is a square/ round/ circular/ rectangular/ triangular + Noun: Đó là một cái .. hình vuông/ hình tròn/ hình tròn/ hình chữ nhật/ hình tam giác - The square/ circle/ rectangle/ triangle is + Noun: Cái hình vuông/ tròn/ chữ nhật/ tam giác đó là ... Ví dụ: The button on the left side is the volume. [Nút ở bên trái là nút chỉnh âm lượng]

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Cách làm dạng bài Diagram/ Flow-chart Labelling Với flow-chart/ diagram, bạn nên thực hiện lần lượt theo các bước như sau Bước 1: Đọc kỹ yêu cầu câu hỏi và xác định rõ các yêu cầu của đề bài - Đây là dạng câu điền các lựa chọn cho trước [A/ B/ C ], hay điền từ [electricity] - Nếu là dạng câu điền các lựa chọn cho trước, xác định xem có bao nhiêu lựa chọn sẽ không phải là đáp án cho một câu hỏi nào. - Nếu là dạng điều từ thì cần lưu ý tới giới hạn từ vựng cụ thể [như một từ/ hay hai từ] - Đọc Heading [tiêu đề của Flow-chart/ Diagram] để xác định được nội dung mà biểu đồ đó đề cập đến, từ đó nghĩ đến một số từ vựng nằm trong chủ đề đó. Bước 2: Đoán nội dung thông tin cần điền - Gạch chân keyword trong mỗi câu hỏi, xác định dạng từ [Danh từ/ Tính từ/ Động từ] - Xác định loại thông tin cần điền là gì, tên người hay sự vật sự việc

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Ví dụ:

Dạng hoàn thành flow-chart bằng cách điền từ

Complete the flow-chart below Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer Giới hạn là hai từ và/hoặc 1 số

Advice on exam preparation

bài nghe sẽ nói về cách để chuẩn bị cho bài thi

Make sure you know the exam requirements

Find some past papers

Work out your 27.......................... for revision and write them on a card

cần 1 danh từ có thể là tìm ra những điểm chính [main points] mà mình cần ôn tập

Make a 28.......................and keep it in view

cần 1 danh từ số ít có thể là làm ghi chú [note] hoặc bản tóm tắt [summary]...

Divide revision into 29....................for each day

Write one 30.............................about each topic

cần 1 danh từ

cần 1 danh từ số ít đáp án có thể là viết 1 bản tóm tắt [brief summary] cho mỗi chủ đề

Practice writing some exam answers

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Bước 3: Nghe và chọn đáp án - Thứ tự thông tin trong bài nghe sẽ trùng với thứ tự câu hỏi - Bạn vừa nghe vừa lựa chọn đáp án tương ứng với số lượng từ được cho

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b. Bài tập thực hành

/ drive.google.com/drive/folders/1uCwewZq0oshS-j2rMxSnkaHXQN3E-dEu

Exercise 1: Complete the flowchart below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Cloud seeding The chemical silver iodide is introduced into a cloud by a rocket or by 6................

This causes tiny water drops in the cloud to 7................, in a process called static seeding.

Lots of very small pieces of 8................ join together in a process called riming.

These fall from the sky, turning to rain or snow.

A secondary effect, known as dynamic seeding, occurs when water that freezes 9................

Sometimes this can cause the clouds to grow larger and 10................

Source: Complete IELTS band 4-5

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Exercise 2: Questions 6-10 Complete the flow-chart below Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

How to write an article Put the main facts at the beginning to attract attention

Use a model in the shape of a 6................ to build up details

Include 7................ from people involved

Check the accuracy of your 8................

Rewrite, making sure paragraphs are short

Dont write a 9................

Add a picture to accompany the article

Finally, write an attractive 10................ Source: Complete IELTS band 5.5-6.5

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Exercise 3: Questions 6-10 Complete the flow-chart below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Fumikos plan Define 6.................... using a diagram

Background: relationships in the 7........................... [eg. Apes]

Present an overview of the 8....................... for human relationships [eg. Work, home]

Look at six 9...................... involved in a friendship [plus survey]

Predict the future 10............................ on friendship

Source: Complete IELTS band 5.5-6.5

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Exercise 4: Questions 1-5 Complete the flow chart below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Getting the Bronze Award FIND A CENTER Usually a school, college or 1................... PAY A FEE To enrol on a programme RECEIVE A 2................... PLAN WHAT TO DO FOR EACH SECTION OBTAIN PLAN APPROVAL From Duke of Edinburgh 3................... DO ACTIVITY ASSESSOR TO SIGN OFF ACTIVITY IN THE 4................... ASSESSOR SENDS RESULTS TO OPERATING AUTHORITY RECEIVE CERTIFICATE AND 5...................

Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 5: Questions 8-10 Complete the flowchart below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Complete an enrolment form

Parents need to 8...................... an authorisation form

Give forms to 9..............with a fee of £20 [for an annual subscription] or pay per visit

You will receive your 10................ in the post

Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 6: Questions 1-5 Complete the flow chart below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Alternative energy research project: process Focus the questions on one particular area

Make a reading list which is 1...................... and 2......................

Start reading as soon as possible

Remember to 3...........................while reading

Organise notes into some 4............................

Analyse notes and reading for 5......................... to question

Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 7: Questions 8-10 Complete the diagram below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Strong wind

If low pressure clouds 8................

Clouds

Warm water SEA

Eye

Equally strong in 10..............

Mature cyclones: gain speed/power

momentum LAND

Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 8: Questions 11-13 Label a diagram below Choose THREE answers from the box and write the correct letter A-E next to questions 11-13 A. Electricity indicator B. On/off switch C. Reset button D. Time control E. Warning indicator

central heating radiators hot water

Source: Cambridge IELTS 9

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Exercise 9: Questions 26-30 Complete the flow-chart below Choose FIVE answers from the list below and write the correct letter A-G next to questions 26-30 A. Website B. Locations C. Designs D. TV advetising campaigns

E. Quality F. Values G. Software programs

History of Furniture Rossi The product 26.................... led to a wider customer base

Greater customer demand meant other 27.................... were needed

Better 28...................... increased overall profitability

Changes to the 29......................... were brought on by customer complaints

Furniture Rossi wants to make people more aware of its 30..............................

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 10: Questions 27-30 Complete the flow-chart below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Next steps Get approval from 27 ........................

Complete a 28 ............. form

Book a 29.................... with the systems analyst

Set up a 30...................... with technologies team

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 11: Questions 21-25 Complete the flow-chart below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Paper Production and Recycling get raw materials from 21.................................

remove bark

Production

23............and distribute materials

paper produced in machine

chop wood

collect used paper

Recycling

heat and pulp recycled mixture

24............... used paper

use chemicals to 25..............................

add 22............... then heat and pulp mixture

Source: The official Guide to IELTS

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Exercise 12: Questions 23-25 Complete the diagram below Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

THE OPERATIONAL CYCLE Global Satellite

Meteorological station information is analysed

Boat

Float records changes in salinity and 25..................

Float dropped into ocean and 23..................... by satellite

Average distance travelled: 24...................................

Source: Cambridge IELTS 7

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Exercise 13: Questions 27-30 Complete the flow-chart below Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Advice on exam preparation Make sure you know the exam requirements

Find some past papers

Work out your 27.......................... for revision and write them on a card

Make a 28.......................and keep it in view

Divide revision into 29....................for each day

Write one 30.............................about each topic

Practice writing some exam answers

Source: Cambridge IELTS 8

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Exercise 14: Questions 5-7 Complete the flow-chart below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Solar energy production costs forecast Calculate the number of hours of 5............................ in the UK

Estimate the number of hours of sunlight

Determine the cost of supplying homes in the entire 6............................

Work out the power station construction costs

Research what customers would be 7 ............................ pay

Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 15: Questions 1-3 Label the diagram below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Ellis Island immigration procedure Entrance

Medical inspection

The rejects 1..................

2.....................

Money exchange

Waiting area

Exit

Railway tickets

Ship to country of origin

3...................... to New York

Source: Listening for IELTS

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Dạng 6:

Note/ Table/ Sentence Completion

Dạng câu hỏi thứ 6 là dạng Note/ Table/ Sentence Completion [Hoàn thành vào bản ghi chép, bảng, và câu]. Đây là dạng câu hỏi phổ biến nhất trong IELTS Listening và xuất hiện ở tất cả các section từ 1 đến 4 a. Kiến thức Một vài đặc điểm của dạng Note/ Table/ Sentence Completion - Xuất hiện trong tất cả các Sections, nhưng xuất hiện thường xuất hiện nhất trong Section 1 và Section 4. Ví dụ dạng Note Completion xuất hiện trong section 1 và bao trọn các câu từ 1 đến 10 Complete the notes below Write ONE WORD AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer

Moving to Banford City Example

Linda recommends living in suburb of:

Dalton

Accommodation

- Average rent: 1. £ ............. a month Transport

- Linda travels to work by 2............. - Limited 3............. in city centre - Trains to London every 4............. minutes - Poor train service at 5............. Advantages of living in Banford

- New 6............. opened recently - 7............. has excellent reputation - Good 8............. on Bridge Street Meet Linda

- Meet Linda on 9............. after 5.10 pm - In the 10............. opposite the station

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Hoặc là có lúc Note completion xuất hiện ở Section 4 và cũng chiếm toàn bộ câu hỏi từ 31-40 của section 4. Complete the notes below Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

The history of coffee Coffee in the Arab world - There was small-scale trade in wild coffee from Ethiopia - 1522: Coffee was approved in the Ottoman court as a type of medicine - 1623: In Constantinople, the ruler ordered the 31.......... of every coffee house Coffee arrives in Europe [17th century] - Coffee shops were compared to 32.......... - They played an important part in social and 33.......... changes Coffee and European colonisation - European powers established coffee plantations in their colonies - Types of coffee were often named according to the 34.......... they came from - In Brazil and the Caribbean, most cultivation depended on 35.......... - In Java, coffee was used as a form of 36.......... - Coffee became almost as important as 37.......... - The move towards the consumption of 38.......... in Britain did not also take place in the USA Coffee in the 19th century - Prices dropped because of improvements in 39.......... - Industrial workers found coffee helped them to work at 40..........

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- Nhiệm vụ của dạng câu hỏi này là: điền từ vựng/ số vào chỗ trống với giới hạn từ vựng cần điền cho trước để nội dung thông tin của bảng, phần ghi chú hoặc là các câu trùng với nội dung thông tin của bài nghe - Chủ đề của dạng câu hỏi này rất đa dạng đi từ những chủ đề quen thuộc trong cuộc sống hàng ngày [Cookery Classes - Các lớp học nấu ăn, Moving to Banford City - Di chuyển đến thành phố Banford ] cho đến những chủ đề thuộc về chuyên môn/ học thuật [Effects of urban environments on animals - ảnh hưởng của môi trường đô thị vào động vật, Kinds of memories - Các loại hình trí nhớ ] bởi vì dạng câu hỏi này xuất hiện dàn trải từ Section 1 đến Section 4 mà Chính vì sự đa dạng topic của dạng câu hỏi này, nên không có gợi ý về nhóm từ vựng nào được đưa ra. Tuy nhiên, đối với dạng câu hỏi này chúng ta sẽ sử dụng nhiều đến kỹ thuật hơn, phần tiếp theo sẽ giúp bạn có được cái nhìn rõ hơn về các kỹ thuật khi làm dạng câu hỏi này.

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Kỹ thuật làm dạng Note/ Table/ Sentence Completion Thứ nhất: Giới hạn từ được điền vào mỗi chỗ trống Giới hạn từ chính là chìa khóa cho dạng câu hỏi Note/ Table/ Sentence Completion. Vì thực chất, giới hạn từ sẽ quyết định cho câu trả lời của bạn, cụ thể với mỗi một giới hạn từ nhất định, bạn sẽ phải đưa ra những câu trả lời khác nhau. Cụ thể, dưới đây là chi tiết các trường hợp của giới hạn từ vựng/ số: Trường hợp 1: Write ONE WORD ONLY - viết chỉ một từ vào mỗi chỗ trống Điểm cần lưu ý đối với trường hợp này đó là bạn sẽ nghe thấy cả một cụm từ dài chứ không phải 1 từ, và băn khoăn không biết mình. Vậy nên, nếu đề bài chỉ cho phép viết MỘT TỪ vào mỗi chỗ trống nhưng bạn lại nghe thấy cụm an incredibly beautiful skirt thì từ nào trong cụm từ đó là đáp án cho câu trả lời. Để xác định được từ nào là từ cần điền vào đáp án, bạn cần xác định từ nào là từ mang nghĩa chính trong cụm đó, cụ thể như sau: ADV + ADJ + NOUN NOUN mang nghĩa chính cho cụm này Ví dụ: very small groups GROUPS sẽ là từ cần điền vào chỗ trống ADV + ADJ ADJ mang nghĩa chính cho cụm này Ví dụ: incredibly intelligent INTELLIGENT sẽ là từ cần điền vào chỗ trống VERB + ADV VERB mang nghĩa chính cho cụm này Ví dụ: increase dramatically INCREASE sẽ là từ cần điền vào chỗ trống NOUN 1 + PREP + NOUN 2 NOUN 2 mang nghĩa chính cho cụm này Ví dụ: change of house HOUSE sẽ là từ cần điền vào chỗ trống

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Trường hợp 2: Write ONE WORD AND/ OR A NUMBER hay NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS - Viết 1 từ và/ hoặc 1 số hay viết không nhiều hơn 2 từ. Sự khác biệt trong hai giới hạn từ này sẽ quyết định đáp án đúng cho câu hỏi. - ONE WORD AND/ OR A NUMBER [Một từ và/ hoặc một số]: Đối với trường hợp này, bạn được viết 1 từ vựng và 1 số, tuy nhiên nếu bạn viết thành 2 từ vựng thì đáp án sẽ là sai. Ví dụ: two classes Nếu câu trả lời là 2 classes [một từ và một số] Đúng Nhưng nếu bạn viết two classes [hai từ] Sai - NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS [Hai từ]: Ngược lại với giới hạn từ ở trên, sẽ là sai nếu bạn viết 1 từ và 1 số trong trường hợp này. Ví dụ: two classes Nếu câu trả lời là 2 classes [một từ và một số] Sai Nhưng nếu bạn viết two classes [hai từ] Đúng Trường hợp TWO WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER hay NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS cũng tương tự với Trường hợp 2 này.

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Trường hợp 3: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS - Viết không quá 3 từ. Đây là trường hợp dễ nhất trong số 3 trường hợp. Vì, bạn có thể viết đáp án là cả một cụm từ [gồm 3 từ] hay một từ [từ chính] đều đúng. Chỉ lưu ý là bạn không được viết số đếm trong trường hợp này thôi. Ví dụ: very small groups Nếu đáp án của bạn là very small groups Đúng Hoặc nếu bạn viết là groups Đúng Do đó, trong đáp án của các bài luyện listening, sẽ có những đáp án ghi là: [very] [small] groups Bạn có thể điền đáp án là very small groups, hoặc small groups hoặc groups đều được tính điểm

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Thứ hai: Đoán trước đáp án - Đoán dạng từ cần điền vào chỗ trống Để điền vào 1 chỗ trống, bạn có thể cần một Noun [danh từ], Adj [tính từ], Verb [động từ] hay Adv [trạng từ] nhưng phần đa dạng Note/ Table/ Sentence Completion sẽ yêu cầu điền danh từ và động từ. Bạn có thể đoán được dạng từ cần điền dựa vào ngữ pháp của các thông tin ở phía trước/ sau chỗ trống. - Đoán dạng thông tin cần điền Chúng ta có thể đoán chủ đề cho từ vựng cần điền vào chỗ trống dựa vào các từ vựng đứng trước, đứng sau, hay cả câu của câu hỏi. Ví dụ 1: Many have both ............ and anxiety Từ vựng cần điền vào chỗ trống là một danh từ chỉ một cảm xúc tiêu cực như từ anxiety [sự lo lắng] nên nó cũng sẽ là danh từ không đếm được, ví dụ như discomfort [sự không thoải mái], inconvenience [sự thiếu tiện lợi]............ Nhờ vào từ vựng đứng sau chỗ trống, chúng ta có thể khoanh vùng được nhóm từ vựng cần điền vào câu hỏi. Ví dụ 2: There may be conflict between people who have different ............ Bởi vì chúng ta đã có từ different nên chắc hẳn chỗ trống sẽ cần danh từ số nhiều. Dựa vào nội dung của câu hỏi này, ta có thể đoán được từ cần điền chắc chắn mang nghĩa gần sát với từ quan điểm, nên đáp án có thể opinions, perspectives, views, ideas, visions ...

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Tại sao cần xác định trước dạng từ và nhóm nghĩa từ vựng cho chỗ trống cần điền: Việc xác định được các thông tin như vậy sẽ giúp bạn: - Đưa ra đáp án chính xác. Ví dụ, trong một câu hỏi, khi nghe bạn không chắc là từ đó có đuôi s hay không, nhờ vào việc xác định dạng từ bạn biết chỗ trống cần điền là một Danh từ đếm được số nhiều, bạn có thể chắc chắn là đáp án phải có đuôi s - Dễ dàng bắt được từ vựng chính xác cần điền vào chỗ trống trong bài nghe hơn: Chúng ta đều biết là việc nghe hiểu được 100% nội dung bài nghe là điều khá khó khăn, trong một bài nghe đôi khi chúng ta sẽ bị bỏ qua các thông tin quan trọng, mà thông tin đó có thể là đáp án cho một câu hỏi nào đó Việc bạn xác định được nhóm từ vựng/ nghĩa của một chỗ trống cần điền giúp bạn PHẢN ỨNG NHANH hơn với từ vựng xuất hiện trong bài nghe, giảm nguy cơ bỏ qua các thông tin cho câu trả lời. Ví dụ nếu bạn xác định chỗ trống cần 1 động từ dạng V-ing thì bạn sẽ chú ý nhiều hơn về việc nghe động từ V-ing thay bằng các động từ thường

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Cách làm dạng bài Note/ Table/ Sentence Completion Bước 1: Xác định giới hạn từ và các ý chính trong bài Completion Phần giới hạn từ đã được mô tả kỹ càng ở trên, và giới hạn từ luôn được viết dưới dạng CHỮ VIẾT HOA nên bạn cần chú ý kiểm tra trước khi nghe. Luôn đọc trước những thông tin đã được cho xung quanh để xác định nội dung chính của bài nghe. Ví dụ:

Fitness Holidays Location

Main Focus

Other comments

Ireland and Italy

general fitness

- personally designed programme - also reduces 18 ....

Greece

19 .. control

- includes exercise on the beach

- Bài nghe trao đổi về những chuyến đi du lịch nhằm rèn luyện sức khoẻ. - Bài nghe sẽ lần lượt nhắc đến một số địa điểm đi du lịch, rồi nói về mục đích chính của chuyến đi này là gì, sau đó là nhận xét của mọi người tham gia về chuyến đi - Bảng thông tin được đọc theo hàng ngang, theo thứ tự của câu hỏi, chứ không phải theo hàng dọc Bước 2: Xác định thông tin cần điền - Câu 18 chắc hẳn phải là danh từ, vì nó đứng sau ngoại động từ reduce, ví dụ như giảm chi phí, giảm thời gian - Câu 19 cần có một tính từ hoặc danh từ đứng trước từ control, ví dụ như kiểm soát cân nặng, chiều cao, hoặc cơ bắp . mà có liên quan đến fitness Bước 3: Nghe audio và chọn đáp án - Cần chọn đáp án đúng số lượng từ được cho - Cần kiểm tra lại chính tả, chia danh từ động từ để phù hợp về cả ngữ pháp và ngữ nghĩa với các từ xung quanh Xác định nhóm nghĩa cho chỗ trống cần điền Hơi khó để khoanh vùng nhóm nghĩa từ vựng cho câu hỏi này.

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b. Bài tập thực hành

/ drive.google.com/drive/folders/1uCwewZq0oshS-j2rMxSnkaHXQN3E-dEu

Exercise 1: Questions 1-6 Complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Preston Park Run Details of run Example Day of Park Run:

Start of run: Time of run: Length of run: At end of run: Best way to register: Cost of run:

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Questions 7-10 Complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Volunteering Contact name: Pete 7 Phone number: 8 Activities: Setting up course 9 the runners 10 for the weekly report

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 2: Questions 1-6 Complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Short Story Competition Entry Details Example Cost of entry:

£5

..........

Length of story Minimum age: Last entry date: Web address: Don't:

Approximately 1 Story must include a 2 3 1st 4 www. 5.com 6 the story to the organisers

Questions 7-10 Complete the sentences below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Judging and Prize Details The competition is judged by 7 The top five stories will be available 8 The top story will be chosen by the 9 The first prize is a place at a writers workshop in 10

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 3: Questios 1-10 Complete the table below Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Community Centre Evening Classes Class

Where

When

Class

Cost

Painting with watercolours

Example hall In the ...........

At 1 ............pm on Tuesdays

What to bring water jar and set of 2 ............

£45 four classes

Maori language

The small room at the 3 ............ of the building

Starts in 4 ............

Small recorder

£40 five classes

Digital photograph

Room 9

6 pm Wednesday evenings

The 5 ............ for the camera

6 £............ eight classes

Questions 7-10 Complete the sentence below Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer 7. The watercolours class suits people who are ...................... 8. To find out about the Maori language class, contact Jason ...................... 9. For the photography class, check the ...................... for the camera 10. There is a trip to a local ...................... in the final week of the photograph class. Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 4: Questions 1-10 Complete the notes below Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Accommodation Form: Rental Properties Example Name:

Answer Ryder Jane ............

Contact phone number: Email address: Occupation: Type of accommodation:

Preferred location: Maximum rent: Other requests: How did you first hear about us?

1 [0044].. 2 [emailprotected].co.uk a local 3. a 2-bedroom apartment wanted [must have its own 4.] no 5. required [family bringing theirs] near a 7. 8. .per month the accommodation has to be 9. in their daytime through a 10.

Source: The official Guide to IELTS

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Exercise 5: Questions 1-6 Complete the table below Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Hostel accommodation in Darwin Name

Price per person [dormitory rooms]

Comments and reviews

Example Top ................ End Backpackers

$19

parking available staff are 1...................... nice pool air-conditioning is too 2 ......................

Gum Tree Lodge

3 $......................

good quiet location pool and gardens 4...................... in the dormitories

Kangaroo Lodge

$22

downtown location reception at the lodge is always open no lockers in the rooms the 5...................... are very clean seems to be a 6...................... every night

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Questions 7-10 Complete the notes below Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

Kangaroo lodge Address: on 7...................... Lane General Information about hostel accommodation sheets are provided can hire a 8...................... 9 ...................... is included a shared 10 ......................is available

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 6: Questions 1-10 Complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Hilary Lodge Retirement Home Example manager is Cathy The name of the ................. Activities programme involving volunteers Monday evenings: Computer training training needed in how to produce 1.................. Tuesday afternoons: singing the home has a 2.................. and someone to play it Thursday mornings: growing 3.................. The home doesnt have many 4.................. for gardening Once a month: meeting for volunteers and staff Interview: Go in on 5.................. any time Interview with assistant called 6.................. Address of home: 73 7.................. Road Open house days Agreed to help on 8.................. Will show visitors where to 9.................. Possibility of talking to a 10.................. reporter

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 7: Questions 1 and 2 Complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer Example Type of job required:

Answer Part-time ............

1. Student is studying 1.................. 2. Student is in the 2.................. year of the course Questions 3-5 Complete the table below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Position Available

Where

Problem

Receptionist

In the 3..................

Evening lectures

4..................

In the Child Care Centre

Too early

Clerical assistant

In the 5..................

Evening lectures

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Questions 6-10 Complete the form below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Student Details Name: Address:

Anita Newman 6. .................. Room No. 7.................. Other skills: Speaks some Japanese Position available: 8 .................. at the English Language Centre Duties: Respond to enquiries and 9 .................. Time of interview: Friday at 10 .................. a.m

Source: Cambridge IELTS 7

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Exercise 8: Questions 11-14 Complete the table below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

PACTON-ON-SEA BUS TOUR Bus stops

Location

Things to see

Bus stop 1

Train station

Start of tour

Bus stop 2

The aquarium

Dolphins and 11..

Bus stop 3

12 ..

Yachts and power boats

Bus stop 4

13 .. centre

Very old 14 ..

Questions 15-20 Complete the sentences below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer 15. You need to have a .. to buy a ticket for £10 16. The bus tour lasts .. in total 17. The cost of the bus ticket includes entrance to the .. 18. You can listen to an audio commentary which has been made by the .. 19. If the weather is wet, it is a good idea to bring .. 20. Don't forget to bring your .. when you book online Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 9: Questions 13-18 Complete the table below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Attraction

Further information

STOP A: Main Booking office First boat: 8am Last boat: 13......pm

Palace

Has lovely 14..............

STOP B:

15 ..............

Has good 16.............. of city centre

STOP C:

Museum

Bookshop specialising in the 17 .............. of the local area

STOP D:

Entertainment complex

18 .............. cinema bowling alley video games arcade Source: Cambridge IELTS 7

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Exercise 10: Questions 11-15 Complete the sentences below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

The Dinosaur Museum 11. The museum closes at ..................... pm on Mondays 12. The museum is not open on ..................... 13. School groups are met by tour guides in the ..................... 14. The whole visit takes 90 minutes, including ..................... minutes for the guided tour 15. There are ..................... behind the museum where students can have lunch.

Source: Cambridge IELTS 8

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Exercise 11: Questions 11-16 Complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

THE NATIONAL ARTS CENTRE Well-known for: Complex consists of:

Historical background: Managed by: Open:

11 ..................... concert rooms theatres cinemas art galleries public library restaurants a 12..................... 1940 area destroyed by bombs 1960s 1970s Centre was 13..................... and built in 14..................... opened to public the 15..................... 16..................... days per year

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Questions 17-20 Complete the table below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Day

Time

Event

Venue

Ticket price

Monday and Tuesday

7.30 pm

The Magic Flute [opera by Mozart]

17 ....................

From £8.00

Wednesday

8.00 pm

18 .................... [Canadian film]

Cinema 2

19 £..............

Saturday and Sunday

11 am to 10 pm

20 .................... [art exhibition]

Gallery 1

free

Source: Cambridge IELTS 8

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Exercise 12: Questions 25-30 Complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Necessary improvements to the existing Self-Access Centre Equipment - replace computers to create more space Resources: - The level of the 25 ..................... materials, in particular, should be more clearly shown - Update the 26 ..................... collection - Buy some 27 ..................... and divide them up Use of the room - Speak to the teachers and organise a 28 ..................... for supervising the centre - Install an 29 ..................... - Restrict personal use of 30 ..................... on computers

Source: Cambridge IELTS 9

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Exercise 13: Questions 27-30 Complete the table below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Information/ visual aid

Where from?

Overhead projector

The 27.

Map of West Africa

The 28.

Map of the islands

A tourist brochure

Literacy figures

The 29.

30.... on school places

As above

Source: Cambridge IELTS 7

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Exercise 14: Questions 34-40 Complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Monosodium Glutamate [MSG] MSG contains - Glutamate [78.2%] - Sodium [12.2%] - 34 ....................... [9.6%] Glutamate is found in foods that contain protein such as 35............... and 36 ........... MSG is used in foods in many different parts of the world In 1908 Kikunae Ikeda discovered a 37....................... Our ability to detect glutamate makes sense because it is so 38 ....................... naturally John Prescott suggests that: - Sweetness tell us that a food contains carbohydrates - 39 ....................... sourness tells us that a food is spoiled - saltiness tells us that a food contains 40 .......................

Source: Cambridge IELTS 7

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Exercise 15: Questions 21-23 Complete the notes below Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

Differences between individuals in the workplace Individuals bring different : Ideas 21 ......................... learning experiences Work bahaviour differences are due to: personality 22 ........................ Effects of diversity on companies Advantage: diversity develops 23 ........................ Disadvantage: diversity can cause conflict

Source: Cambridge IELTS 7

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Exercise 16: Questions 31-40 Complete the sentences below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Ceramics

31. Ceramics date back approximately ....................... 32. The first figurines were made in the area of ....................... 33. Early humans could not use their pots to store ....................... 34. The Chinese improved the quality of ceramics by mixing ....................... with the clay 35. Chinese porcelain was also called ....................... 36. Bottger added quartz and ....................... to clay to make porcelain

Glass

37. Glass production is similar to clay ceramics apart from the rate of ..................... 38. The Romans introduced the use of glass to make .......................

Concrete

39. The discovery of concrete is probably due to observing reactions of water and ....................... 40. The ability to build large ....................... contributed to the success of the Roman Empire Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 17: Questions 31-40 Complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Preparing and Giving a Presentation Initial thoughts Most important consideration: your audience Three points to bear in mind: - What they need to know - How 31................ they will be - How big the audience will be Structure Start with information that makes the audience 32................ End with 33................ Design The presentation needs to be 34................ Vary content by using a mix of words and 35................ Presenting Look at the audience, be enthusiastic and energetic Voice vary speed and 36................ Occasionally add 37................ for greater impact Do not use 38................ [eg. appears, seems] Questions and Interruptions When asked a question, first of all you should 39................ Minimize interruptions by 40................ them

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 18: Questions 31-40 Complete the notes below Write ONE WORD for each answer

Kite-making by the Mario people of New Zealand Making and appearance of the kites The priests who made the kites had rules for size and scale 31 ...................... was not allowed during a kites preparation Kites often represented a bird, a god or a 32 ...................... had frames that were decorated with grasses and 33 ...................... had a line of noisy 34 ...................... attached to them could be triangular, rectangular or 35 ...................... shaped had patterns made from clay mixed with 36 ...................... oil sometimes had human-head masks with 37 ...................... and a tattoo Purpose and function of kites a way of sending 38 ...................... to the gods a way of telling other villages that a 39 ...................... was necessary a means of 40 ...................... if enemies were coming

Source: Cambridge IELTS 8

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Exercise 19: Questions 31-40 Complete the notes below Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

History of Fireworks in Europe 13th 16th centuries fireworks were introduced from China Their use was mainly to do with: - War - 31 ......................[in plays and festivals] 17th century Various features of 32 ..................... were shown in fireworks displays Scientists were interested in using ideas from fireworks displays - to make human 33..................... possible - to show the formation of 34 ..................... London: - scientists were distrustful at first - later, they investigated 35 ..................... uses of fireworks [e.g for sailors] St Petersburg: - Fireworks were seen as a method of 36 ..................... for people Paris: - Displays emphasised the power of the 37 ..................... - Scientists aimed to provide 38..................... 18th century - Italian fireworks specialists became influential - Servandonis fireworks display followed the same pattern as an 39 ..................... - The appeal of fireworks extended to the middle classes - Some displays demonstrated new scientific discoveries such as 40 ..................... Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 20: Questions 31-40 Complete the notes below Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

New Caledonian crows and the use of tools

Examples of animals using tools Some chimpanzees use stones to break nuts Betty [New Caledonian crow] made a 31.......................... out of wire to move a bucket of food Barney [New Caledonian crow] used sticks to find food New Zealand and Oxford experiment Three stages: crows needed to move a 32......................... in order to reach a short stick, then use the short stick to reach a long stick, then use the long stick to reach food. Oxford research Crows used sticks to investigate whether there was any 33......................... from an object Research was inspired by seeing crows using tools on a piece of cloth to investigate a spider design Barney used a stick to investigate a snake made of 34 ......................... Pierre used a stick to investigate a 35......................... Corbeau used a stick to investigate a metal toad The crows only used sticks for the first contact Conclusions for above research Ability to plan provides interesting evidence of the birds cognition Unclear whether this is evidence of the birds 36......................... Exeter and Oxford research in New Caledonia Scientists have attached very small cameras to birds 37 ......................... Food in the form of beetle larvae provides plenty of 38 ......................... for the birds Larvaes specific 39......................... composition can be identified in birds that feed on them Scientists will analyse what the birds include in their 40 ......................... Source: The official Guide to IELTS

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Dạng 7:

Multiple choice

Multiple choice là dạng câu hỏi có nhiều sự lựa chọn, và từ những sự lựa chọn được cho bạn cần tìm ra đáp án đúng và chính xác nhất. Multiple choice chắc chắn sẽ xuất hiện ít nhất 1 lần trong bài thi Listening, và cũng là dạng câu hỏi có tỉ lệ sai cao nhất. a. Kiến thức Đặc điểm dạng Multiple Choice Questions Dưới đây là một vài ví dụ cho dạng câu hỏi Multiple Choice. - Xuất hiện khá đa dạng trong bài thi IELTS Listening từ section 1 đến section 4. Multiple choice đa dạng nhất ở section 2, đáp án thường sẽ khá ngắn dưới dạng từ hoặc cụm từ và cũng không có quá nhiều từ mới trong cả đáp án và câu hỏi.

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Ví dụ: Choose the correct letter, A, B or C

Information on company volunteering projects 11. How much time for volunteering does the company allow per employee? A. two hours per week B. one day per month C. 8 hours per year 12. In feedback almost all employees said that volunteering improved their A. chances of promotion B. job satisfaction C. relationships with colleagues 13. Last year some staff helped unemployed people with their A. school B. park C. charity 14. This year the company will start a new volunteering project with a local A. at the companys training facility B. at a college C. in a community centre

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Multiple choice cũng hay xuất hiện trong section 3 và 4 nhưng sẽ khó hơn nhiều so với câu hỏi ở section 1 và 2. Câu hỏi, và cả đáp án đều trở nên dài hơn và đa dạng về từ vựng hơn] Questions 31 - 33 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C

Wildlife in city gardens 31. What led the group to choose their topic? A. They were concerned about the decline of one species B. They were interested in the effects of city growth C. They wanted to investigate a recent phenomenon 32. The exact proportion of land devoted to private gardens was confirmed by A. consulting some official documents B. taking large-scale photos C. discussions with town surveyors 33. The group asked garden owners to A. take part in formal interviews B. keep a record of animals they saw C. get in contact when they saw a rare species - Trước 1 nhóm câu hỏi ở Multiple choice, bạn sẽ có tiêu đề giúp xác định nội dung cơ bản của nhóm câu hỏi là gì. Ví dụ 1 có tiêu đề là Information on company volunteering projects nên bài nghe chắc sẽ nói về các chương trình tình nguyện của công ty nào đó Ví dụ 2 có tiêu đề là Wildlife in city gardens nên sẽ nói về các loài động vật hoặc thực vật hoang dã sống trong các ngôi vườn

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- Có hai dạng Multiple choice xuất hiện trong IELTS Listening Dạng 1 - dạng câu hỏi truyền thống - gồm 1 câu hỏi, 3 sự lựa chọn và 1 đáp án đúng duy nhất 11. How much time for volunteering does the company allow per employee? A. two hours per week B. one day per month C. 8 hours per year

Bạn chỉ chọn duy nhất 1 đáp án đúng là A, B hoặc C và 1 đáp án đúng tương ứng với 1 câu Dạng 2 - còn có tên khác là Pick from a list - gồm 1 câu hỏi, 5-7 sự lựa chọn và chọn 2-3 đáp án đúng. Mỗi đáp án tương ứng với 1 câu hỏi và người nghe chọn đúng đáp án nào, được tính điểm đáp án đó. Questions 25 - 27 Choose THREE letters, A - G Which THREE topics does Sandra agree to include in the proposal? E. myths and legends A. climate change F. plant and animal life B. field trip activities G. social history C. geographical features D. impact of tourism Ví dụ ở trên, bạn cần chọn 3 đáp án đúng trong 7 sự lựa chọn để trả lời câu hỏi THREE topics Sandra agree to include in the proposal'. Ví dụ đáp án là A-B-C nhưng bạn lại chọn A-B-D thì bạn vẫn được tính đúng 2 câu. Bạn có thể viết đáp án theo bất kì thứ tự nào. - Bài nghe sẽ nhắc đến những thông tin liên quan đến tất cả các đáp án nhằm giăng bẫy người nghe, và tăng độ khó của câu hỏi

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Lưu ý khi chọn đáp án cho dạng Multiple choice Đáp án được chọn Một lựa chọn là đáp án cho một câu hỏi không phải khi lựa chọn đó xuất hiện nhiều keywords có trong audio mà nội dung của lựa chọn đó phải có NGHĨA TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG với nội dung trong audio. Ví dụ: Audio: I feel happy about what I have achieved [tôi cảm thấy vui vì những gì mình đã đạt được] - Lựa chọn A. I dont feel happy about what I have achieved - Lựa chọn B. I am quite pleased with my achievement Mặc dù lựa chọn A xuất hiện nhiều từ keywords giống hệt trong audio [feel, happy about, what I have achieved] nhưng ý nghĩa của A hoàn toàn trái ngược với thông tin trong audio nên A không phải đáp án. Ngược lại, lựa chọn B không có một từ keyword nào giống với audio nhưng về mặt ý nghĩa, B tương đương với thông tin trong audio B là đáp án

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Đáp án sai Có 3 trường hợp để kết luận 1 lựa chọn không phải là đáp án cho một câu hỏi. Khi làm dạng câu hỏi Multiple Choice Questions, để khẳng định một lựa chọn là đúng, bạn cần chứng minh đáp án khác là sai. Trường hợp 1: Khi thông tin trong lựa chọn TRÁI NGƯỢC với thông tin trong audio Ví dụ: Đáp án A: I feel happy about what I have achieved Thông tin trong bài nghe: I dont feel happy about what I have achieved Thông tin ở A trái ngược với thông tin trong bài nghe nên không thể là đáp án Trường hợp 2: Khi thông tin trong lựa chọn KHÔNG ĐƯỢC NHẮC TỚI trong audio Ví dụ: Đáp án A: I feel happy about what I have achieved Thông tin trong bài nghe: I win a high prize that I have desired for a long time" A không phải là đáp án vì trong bài nghe không đề cập đến cảm xúc vui hay không. Có thể nói cách loại trừ đáp án của Multiple choice trong Listening khá giống các làm dạng bài True/ False/ Not given trong Reading. Để chứng minh đáp án này là đúng thì bạn cần chứng minh đáp án kia là sai hoặc không được nhắc đến.

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Cách làm dạng Multiple Choice Questions Bước 1: Gạch chân keyword của câu hỏi và từng lựa chọn Mục đích là để XÁC ĐỊNH ĐƯỢC Ý CHÍNH của câu hỏi và từng lựa chọn cũng như sự khác nhau giữa mỗi sự lựa chọn là gì, chứ không phải mong đợi từ keyword đó được xuất hiện trong audio Thường bài nghe chỉ cho 20 đến 30 giây để đọc trước câu hỏi, nhưng câu hỏi ở Section 3 và Section 4 rất dài và khó về cả ngữ pháp và từ vựng. Vậy nên người nghe nên tranh thủ thời gian còn thừa cho quá trình đọc câu hỏi và kiểm tra đáp án ở phần Section 1 và 2 để đọc trước câu hỏi ở Section 3 và 4 Bước 2: Nghĩ đến một vài cách mà từng lựa chọn được diễn đạt trong bài nghe như thế nào Mục đích là để PHẢN ỨNG NHANH hơn khi nghe audio 11. How much time for volunteering does the company allow per employee? A. two hours per week B. one day per month C. 8 hours per year Đáp án A có thể được diễn đạt là one hour on weekday and another hour on weekend Đáp án B có thể được diễn đạt là no more than a day every month/ monthly

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Bước 3: Nghe audio và chọn đáp án - Bạn cần chú ý giọng của người nói tương ứng với tên nào, vì trong câu hỏi có khi sẽ có những cụm như According to Anna [thì bạn phải nghe thông tin/ ý kiến Anna đưa ra] hoặc What did John agree to do in the introduction of the presentation? [Thì câu trả lời sẽ nằm ở đoạn thông tin mà John cung cấp] - Bạn nên luyện tập kỹ năng Note-taking với dạng câu hỏi này, tức là vừa nghe vừa viết nhanh những thông tin tóm tăts bạn nghe được. Lưu ý là các bạn chỉ nên viết xuống thật nhanh các từ keywords [từ có liên quan đến nội dung câu hỏi và các lựa chọn], và hãy tự tạo cho mình một bảng từ vựng viết tắt để giảm thiểu thời gian note nhất có thể. [Ví dụ: students = stds, confident = conf, amount = amt, expensive = expen...] Mục đích là có thông tin để ĐỐI CHIẾU với từng lựa chọn sau khi audio phát xong. Một vài câu hỏi chúng ta có thể xác định được ngay đâu là đáp án, nhưng một vài câu hỏi khó chúng ta cần có thêm thời gian để so sánh đối chiếu. Vì vậy, bản ghi chú nhanh này sẽ là công cụ hỗ trợ đắc lực giúp bạn tìm đáp án cho các câu hỏi khó.

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b. Bài tập thực hành

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Exercise 1: Listen and answer the questions about John and Sams holiday 1. Where does Sam recommend going for dinner? A. Joes Cafe B. The Captains Table C. Mangans 2. Who is going to reserve the table? A. John B. Sam C. The hotel receptionist Source: Listening for IELTS Exercise 2: Questions 5-6 5. Why does a ticket for the museum cost £10? A. The money is needed to fix parts of the building B. The collection of Latin American art is unique C. It is the only art museum in Europe 6. The tourist office assistant suggests going to the next town for a good restaurant because A. They overlook the sea B. The restaurants are bigger C. There are more restaurants to choose from Source: Listening for IELT

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Exercise 3: Questions 1-2 Listen and choose TWO letters [A-E] to answer the question Which of the following are myths about upper class Victorian families? A. Families lived with servants B. Children were mainly home schooled C. Fathers occasionally taught their children Latin D. The Victorians were not generous to the poor E. Parents were strict with their children Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 4: You are going to hear a reviewer talking about films. Listen and choose the correct answer A, B or c 1. What Happens in the Night is based on A. Story the director was told B. The directors childhood C. A comic book 2. The reviewer thinks What Happens in the Night is A. the best horror film this year B. visually stunning C. difficult to understand 3. In real life, the stars of Happy as Larry A. didnt get on B. fell in love C. are best friends 4. The reviewer recommends you watch Happy as Larry if A. you are a woman B. you like romantic films C. you liked Sonyas other films Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 5: Now listen and answer questions 1-5 Choose the correct letter A, B and C 1. How long will it take to get to Paris? A. About one hour B. About three hours C. About four hours 2. What should passengers do with their passports? A. leave them with their steward B. lock them away C. carry them at all times 3. When should passengers be in the restaurant car for dinners? A. 7.45 pm B. 8.00 pm C. 8.15 pm 4. What will the passengers do when the train gets to the Italian borders? A. Change trains B. Go on a tour C. Have lunch in a local cafe 5. What should passengers not do? A. Eat their own food on the train B. Open their cabin window C. Leave the train before it gets to Italy Source: Complete IELTS band 4-5

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Exercise 6: Questions 1-3 Choose THREE letters A-F Give three reasons why the Yellow Plaque scheme was started A. to boost tourism B. to raise awareness of local history C. to increase knowledge of famous people D. for publicity E. for architectural preservation F. to raise national awareness Questions 4-6 Choose the correct letter A, B or C 4. The scheme has had the most success in A. increasing the amount of tourism in the area B. raising the profiles of the famous people featured C. raising historical awareness 5. Successful Yellow Plaque nominees have to A. have a nomination and 50 signatures B. be approved by a central panel C. have done something remarkable 6. The scheme is mainly funded by A. the community B. local councils C. the tourist board Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 7: You are going to hear a writer talking about fame Listen and answer the questions How has fame changed? List THREE ways from below A. The public now know almost everything about famous people B. Famous people have lost their mystery C. More people are famous nowadays D. Fame is more short-lived E. Talent is irrelevant in becoming famous Who are the losers in fame? List THREE from below A. Celebrities B. Photographers C. Executives D. The public E. Writers Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 8: Questions 11-16 Choose the correct letter A, B or C

Anglia Sculpture Park 11. The land where the Sculpture Park is located was previously A. completely covered by forest B. the site of a private house C. occupied by a factory 12. What is unusual about the Anglia Sculpture Park? A. Artists have made sculptures especially for it B. Some of its sculptures were donated by the artists C. It only shows contemporary sculptures 13. What is the theme of Joe Tremains burnt sculptures? A. The contrast between nature and urban life B. The effect of man on the environment C. The violence of nature 14. The path by the Lower Lake A. is rather wet in some places B. has recently been repaired C. is difficult to walk on 15. What does the speaker say about the Visitor Centre? A. It is being enlarged at present B. It has received an international award C. It was designed by a Canadian architect 16. Today, visitors can buy snacks and sandwiches A. at the kiosk B. in the Terrace Room C. at the Lower Lake Café Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 9: Questions 11-14 Choose the correct letter A, B and C 11. The next event at the hotel will be a A. Trade fair B. Wedding C. Party 12. The number of guests will be A. Less than 50 B. From 50 to 100 C. More than 100 13. Guests will start arriving at A. 7.15 B. 7.30 C. 7.45 14. The entertainment will be at A. live band B. comedian C. magician Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 10: Questions 11-12 Choose TWO letters A-E Which TWO tasks will the volunteers in Group A be responsible for? A. Widening pathways B. Planting trees C. Picking up rubbish D. Putting up signs E. Building fences Questions 13-14 Choose TWO letters A-E Which TWO items should volunteers in Group A bring with them? A. Food and water B. Boots C. Gloves D. Raincoats E. Their own tools Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 11: Questions 21-26 Choose the correct letter A, B or C

Marketing report 21. Why did Leo choose instant coffee as the topic for his marketing report? A. He found plenty of material on the topic B. He had some practical experience in the area C. He had an idea of a brand he wanted to target 22. Leo discovered that in Australia, recent technological developments A. Are producing less healthy types of instant coffee B. Are reducing the demand for instant coffee C. Are improving the quality of instant coffee 23. What do the speakers agree about Leos table of coffee products? A. It needs more explanation in the text B. It is factually inaccurate in some places C. It would be best to put this in the appendix 24. What do they decide about the description of Shaffers coffee as a market followers? A. Leo needs to define his terms B. Leo needs to provide some more evidence C. Peop need to put it in a different section 25. What does Anna say about originality in someones first marketing report? A. Clear analysis of data can be considered original B. Graphs and diagrams should be original, not copied C. Reports should contain some original date collected by the student 26. What difference between his school assignments and this report has surprised Leo? A. Not knowing the criteria for getting a good mark B. Being required to produce work without assistance C. Having to do a great deal of research Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 12: Questions 9-10 Choose the letters A-E Which TWO points does the lecturer give as disadvantages for living alone? A. People living alone will need help from the community B. It is more likely to foster a fragmented population C. It creates an accommodation shortage D. It is more expensive for an individual to live alone E. People may have children too late Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 13: Questions 21-25 Choose the correct letter A, B or C

Food Waste 21. What point does Robert make about the 2013 study in Britain? A. It focused more on packaging than wasted food B. It proved that households produced more waste than restaurants C. It included liquid waste as well as solid waste 22. The speakers agree that food waste reports should emphasise the connection between carbon dioxide emissions and A. food production B. transport of food to landfill sites C. distribution of food products 23. Television programmes now tend to focus on A. the nutritional value of food products B. the origin of food products C. the chemicals found in food products 24. For Anna, the most significant point about food waste is A. the moral aspect B. the environmental impact C. the economic effect 25. Anna and Robert decide to begin their presentation by A. handing out a questionnaire B. providing statistical evidence C. showing images of wasted food Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 14: Questions 21-30 Choose the correct letter A, B or C 21. Dave Hadley says that the computer system has A. Too many users B. Never worked well C. Become outdated 22. The main problem with the computer system is that it A. is too slow B. stops working C. displays incorrect data 23. Timetabling has become an issue because A. there is not enough time for anyone to do it B. the system does not handle course options C. the courses are constantly changing 24. To solve the timetabling issues, Randhir suggests that A. students should create their own timetables B. Dave should have someone assist him C. the number of courses should be reduced 25. Randhir says that a new system may A. need to be trialled B. still have problems C. be more economical 26. Improving the existing system will take A. a few weeks B. four to five months C. nine months Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 15: Questions 21-25 Choose the correct letter A, B or C 21. Why has James chosen to do a case study on the company Furniture Rossi? A. It has enjoyed global success B. It is still in a developmenta phase C. It is an example of a foreign company being rebranded for Australia 22. According to James, why did Luca Rossi start a furniture company? A. Furniture-making was already a family occupation B. Rossi saw a need for hand-crafted furniture C. The work Rossi had done previously was unrewarding 23. What gave Firniture Rossi a competitive advantage over other furniture companies? A. its staff B. its lower prices C. its locally sourced products 24. What does the tutor recommend James does when writing the second draft of his case study? A. Provide more detailed references B. Check for written accuracy C. Add his own views 25. What do the tutor and James agree was wrong with James last presentation? A. It was too short B. It focused too much on statistics C. There was not enough interaction with the audience

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 16: Questions 21-26 Choose the correct letter A, B or C

Presentation on the problems and potential of biofuels 21. Mike suggests they begin their presentation by A. explaining what kind of harm is caused by fossil fuels B. pointing out that biofuels were in use before fossil fuels C. ensuring students know the difference between fossil fuels and biofuels 22. Karina doesnt want to discuss the production of ethanol because A. other students will already be familiar with the process B. there will not be time to cover more important information C. they many not provide an accurate description 23. Which source of biofuels do the students agree is least environmentally friendly? A. Sugar cane B. Corn C. Canola 24. What is the main problem facing the development of the biofuel industry in the USA? A. Inadequate infrastructure for transporting ethanol B. Not enough farmers growing biofuel crops C. Little government support of biofuel development 25. Karina doubts that sugar cane production in Brazil will A. lead to the loss of wildlife habitats B. create a large number of jobs in the biofuel sector C. continue to provide enough energy for the countrys needs 26. Karina and Mike conclude that in order to increase the use of biofuels A. the price of fossil fuels must go up B. more machinery must be adapted to use them C. production methods must be more energy-efficient Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 17: Questions 35 and 36 Choose TWO letters A-E Which does the speaker believe are TWO real benefits of online social networking? A. People can gain higher self-esteem B. People can access useful medical information C. People can form relationships more quickly D. People can improve academic performance E. People can be reliably informed about current affairs Questions 37-38 Choose TWO letters A-E Which TWO problems related to online social networking will increase, according to the speaker? A. Criminal activity B. Poorer grades at school C. A decline in physical fitness D. Less work done by employees E. Loss of career prospects Questions 39 and 40 Choose TWO letters A-E Which TWO claims are made by Robin Dunbar about social networking sites? A. They are not helpful for developing certain social skills B. They cannot fully reveal a persons real character C. They are not a good starting point for building new relationships D. They do not encourage people to widen their social circle E. They will not retain their popularity with the young generation Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Dạng 8:

Matching

Matching có nghĩa là nối - nối giữa các đáp án được cho với câu hỏi để trùng khớp với thông tin bài nghe. Matching cũng có thể hiểu là dạng phức tạp hoá của Multiple choice - tức nó có phần khó hơn Multiple choice a. Kiến thức Một số đặc điểm của dạng Matching - Matching xuất hiện rải rác khắp các section của một bài nghe, nhưng phổ biến nhất là section 2 và section 4 - Là dạng câu hỏi nối các lựa chọn tương đương với từng câu hỏi. Đôi khi số lượng đáp án được cung cấp nhiều hơn số lượng câu hỏi nên sẽ có một số đáp án không được sử dụng mà chỉ đưa ra có mục đích làm nhiễu thông tin người nghe. Nhưng cũng có tình huống số lượng đáp án bằng số lượng câu hỏi và mỗi đáp án sẽ được sử dụng duy nhất 1 lần. - Yêu cầu của Matching khá đa dạng, đôi khi có thể nối tên người với việc họ làm, hoặc tên địa điểm với hoạt động xảy ra ở đó, hoặc tên một hoạt động nào đó với những đặc điểm của nó ...... Hãy đọc kỹ câu hỏi để nắm bắt yêu cầu của dạng Matching

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Ví dụ của Matching xuất hiện ở section 1, tương ứng với 3 câu hỏi và có 3 sự lựa chọn Thường thì mỗi sự lựa chọn sẽ là đáp án của 1 câu hỏi. Bạn cần nói các thiết bị/ cơ sở vật chất của một khách sạn với tình trạng sử dụng của nó [khách sạn có cung cấp hay không, có phải trả thêm tiền để sử dụng hay không] Questions 8 - 10 What is said about using each of the following hotel facilities? Choose THREE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 8 - 10 Availability A. included in cost of hiring room B. available at extra change C. not available Hotel facilities 8. outdoor swimming pool 9. gym 10. tennis courts

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Ở ví dụ này, Matching xuất hiện ở section 2 với 7 sự lựa chọn nhưng lại chỉ có 6 câu hỏi, vậy nên có lẽ sẽ có 1 đáp án không được sử dụng. Bạn được cho khá nhiều tên của các tình nguyện viên và bạn cần nối tên với hoạt động họ đã làm để giúp mọi người. Questions 15 - 20 Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A - G, next to Questions 15-20. What volunteers have helped people to do A. overcome physical difficulties B. rediscover skills not used for a long time C. improve their communication skills D. solve problems independently E. escape isolation F. remember past times G. start a new hobby Volunteers 15. Habib 16. Consuela 17. Minh 18. Tanya 19. Alexei 20. Juba

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Ví dụ số 3 là sự xuất hiện của Matching ở section 3, trong đó có 6 câu hỏi và 8 sự lựa chọn nên sẽ có hai sự lựa chọn không được sử dụng để nối với câu hỏi nào. Các câu hỏi tương ứng với các phần khác nhau trong một bài diễn thuyết và sự lựa chọn từ A đến H nhắc đến các hoạt động khác nhau mà sinh viên phải làm cho mỗi phần, và người nghe phải nối thông tin phù hợp.

Questions 25 - 30 What action will the students take for each of the following sections of their presentation? Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A - H, next to Questions 25 - 30 Actions A. make it more interactive B. reduce visual input C. add personal opinions D. contact one of the researchers E. make detailed notes F. find information online G. check timing H. organise the content more clearly Sections of presentation 25. Introduction . 26. Discovery of the mammoth tooth 27. Initial questions asked by the researchers 28. Further research carried out on the island 29. Findings and possible explanations 30. Relevance to the present day

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Ví dụ tiếp theo là sự xuất hiện của dạng Matching trong section 4 với 6 câu hỏi nhưng chỉ có 3 sự lựa chọn, nên chắc chắn sẽ có sự lựa chọn A, B, C được sử dụng đến lần thứ 2 hoặc thậm chí lần thứ 3. Đề bài yêu cầu nối những đặc điểm nghệ thuật khác nhau với phong cách tương ứng. Questions 31 - 36

Australian Aboriginal Rock Paintings Which painting styles have the following features? Painting Styles A. Dynamic B. Yam C. Modern Features 31. figures revealing bones 32. rounded figures 33. figures with parts missing 34. figures smaller than life size 35. sea creatures 36. plants

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Cách làm dạng Matching Bước 1: Tìm hiểu câu hỏi - Bài nghe nói về điều gì? Bạn có thể nhìn vào tiêu đề của các câu hỏi và đáp án để biết nội dung cơ bản của bài nghe - Liệu có đáp án nào thừa? Hoặc có đáp án nào được sử dụng quá 1 lần không? Bạn có thể so sánh số lựa câu hỏi và số sự lựa chọn để trả lời thông tin trên. Bước 2: Nên đọc hiểu thật kỹ các sự lựa chọn hoặc câu hỏi và nghĩ xem chúng có thể được diễn đạt như thế nào trong bài nghe. Mục đích là giúp bạn phản ứng nhanh hơn khi nghe Ví dụ What volunteers have helped people to do [các tình nguyện viên đã giúp mọi người làm gì] A. overcome physical difficulties [vượt qua những khó khăn về thể chất] B. rediscover skills not used for a long time [khám phá lại những kỹ năng không sử dụng trong một thời gian dài] C. improve their communication skills [cải thiện kỹ năng giao tiếp] D. solve problems independently [giải quyết vấn đề một cách độc lập] E. escape isolation [thoát khỏi sự cô lập] F. remember past times [nhớ lại khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ] G. start a new hobby [bắt đầu một sở thích mới]

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Nghĩ đến một vài cách các lựa chọn có thể được paraphrase ví dụ như: - overcome physical difficulties go through health problems/ manage to deal with difficulties in physical health - rediscover skills not used for a long time develop skills that have been no longer used - improve their communication skills develop the ability of expressing opinions - solve problems independently deal with issues on their own/ handle problems by themselves - escape isolation get out of being alone/ dont feel isolated - remember past times recall the past/ remember the youth - start a new hobby take up a new interest/ try a new thing that gets interested

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Bước 3: Nghe và chọn đáp án - Tương tự như Multiple choice, bạn cũng nên học kỹ năng Note-taking khi thực hiện dạng câu hỏi này. Vừa nghe, vừa ghi lại nhanh nhất một số thông tin chính của bài nghe để đối chiếu phân tích và chọn đáp án - Matching chính là dạng phức tạp hơn của Multiple choice.

Questions 15 - 20 Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A - G, next to Questions 15-20. What volunteers have helped people to do A. overcome physical difficulties B. rediscover skills not used for a long time C. improve their communication skills D. solve problems independently E. escape isolation F. remember past times G. start a new hobby Volunteers 15. Habib 16. Consuela 17. Minh 18. Tanya 19. Alexei 20. Juba

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

Để chọn đáp án cho câu 15, bạn phải chọn 1 trong số 7 sự lựa chọn. Để trả lời câu 16, bạn tiếp tục chọn 1 trong số 6 lựa chọn còn lại Nếu muốn trả lời đúng câu 17, tiếp tục chọn 1 đáp án đúng trong số 5 đáp án còn lại Hãy phân tích và chọn đáp án thật cẩn thận, vì nếu bạn chọn sai đáp án câu 15, rất có thể bạn sẽ tiếp tục sai ở các câu hỏi sau.

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b. Bài tập thực hành

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Exercise 1: Listen to the conversation bettween a customer and a travel agent Match the hotels to the facilities they offer Write A-D next to questions 1-4 A. Fitness facilities B. Business facilities C. Training courses for water sports D. Entertainment facilities 1. Hotel Sunshine 2. The Highland Hotel 3. Hotel Carminia 4. The Royal

.................. .................. .................. .................. Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 2: Questions 7-10 Match the restaurants with their descriptions Write ONE letter A-E next to questions 7-10 A. It is visited by famous people who work in entertainment B. This restaurant has recently been bought by a new family C. One family has managed the restaurant for over 100 years D. It is expensive but serves high quality food E. It has been decorated in a modern style 7. The Belleview 8. The Lighthouse Cafe 9. Harveys 10. Stonecroft House

.................. .................. .................. .................. Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 3: Questions 4-6 In which city A-C are the companys functions in 4-6 located? A. Sydney B. Perth C. Melbourne 4. Marketing 5. Staff training 6. Administration

.................. .................. .................. Source: Listening for IELTS

Exercise 4: Questions 7-10 Match the plaques to the people they represent Write ONE letter A-F next to questions 7-10 A. Political figures B. Charitable figures C. Business people D. Sporting figures E. Artists F. Writers 7. Red Plaque 8. Grey Plaque 9. White Plaque 10. Green Plaque

.................. .................. .................. .................. Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 5: Questions 18-20 What does the guide say about each attraction? Choose THREE answers from the box and write the correct letter A-E next to questions 18-20 A. Aquarium B. Crocodile Cave C. Penguin Park D. Seal Centre E. Turtle Town 18. must not miss 19. temporarily closed 20. large queues

.................. .................. .................. Source: The official guide to IELTS

Exercise 6: Questions 15-17 Who will be responsible for the following jobs as the guests arrive? Choose THREE answers from the box and write the correct letter A-E next to questions 15-17 A. Susan B. Ahmed C. Gary D. Olav E. Monica 15. offer drinks to guests 16. take guests coats and hats 17. show guests where to go

.................. .................. .................. Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 7: Questions 16-20 What comment does the speaker make about each of the following tracks? Write the correct letter A, B or C next to questions 16-20

Track 16. North Point 17. Silver River 18. Valley Crossing 19. Stonebridge 20. Henderson Ridge

.................. .................. .................. .................. ..................

A. It is possible to get lost here B. It only offers basic accommodation C. It requires physical strength

Source: The official guide to IELTS Exercise 8: Questions 16-20 Which crime prevention measure is proposed for each area affected by crime? Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter A-G next to questions 16-20

Proposed crime prevention measures A. Install more lighting B. Have more police officers on patrol C. Remove surrounding vegetation D. Contact local police E. Fix damage quickly F. Change road design G. Use security cameras

Areas affected by crime 16. skate park 17. local primary schools 18. Abbotsford street 19. shops on Victoria Street 20. supermarket car park

............... ............... ............... ............... ...............

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 9: Questions 4-6 Match the areas of New York to the reasons affecting population change A-D in the box Choose ONE option for each question 4-6

4. Manhattan 5. Brooklyn 6. Queens

.................. .................. ..................

A. Political reasons B. Economic reasons C. Employment reasons D. Cultural reasons Source: Listening for IELTS

Exercise 10: Questions 26-30 What advantages do the speakers identify for each of the following projects? Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter A-G next to questions 26-30

Advantages A. It should save time B. It will create new jobs C. It will benefit local communities D. It will make money E. It will encourage personal responsibility F. It will be easy to advertise G. It will involve very little cost

Projects 26. edible patch 27. ripeness sensor 28. waste tracking technology 29. smartphone application 30. food waste compositing

.......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 11: Questions 21-27 What helped Stewart with each of the following stages in making his training film for museum employees? Choose SEVEN answers from the box and write the correct letter A-I next to questions 21-27

What helped Stewart A. Advice from friends B. Information on a website C. Being allowed extra time D. Meeting a professional film maker E. Good weather condition F. Getting a better computer G. Support of a manager H. Help from a family member I. Work on a previous assignment

Stages in making the training film for museum emplyees 21. finding a location 22. deciding on equipment 23. writing the script 24. casting 25. filming 26. editing 27. designing the DVD cover

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 12: Questions 4-7 Who will cover the following weather conditions? A. Alex B. Emma C. Tom D. None of them Write the correct letter A, B, C or D next to questions 4-7 4. blizzards 5. floods 6. drought 7. cyclones

............. ............. ............. ............. Source: Listening for IELTS

Exercise 13: Questions 26-30 In what time period can data from the float project help with the following things? Write the correct letter A, B or C next to questions 26-30 A. At present B. In the near future C. In the long-term future 26. understanding of El Nino 27. understanding of climate change 28. naval rescues 29. sustainable fishing practices 30. crop selection

............ ............ ............ ............ ............ Source: Cambridge IELTS 7

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Exercise 14: Questions 23-26 What do the students decide about each topic for the geography presentation?

Write the correct letter A, B or C next to questions 23-26 23. Geographical Location 24. Economy 25. Overview of Education System 26. Role of English Language

............. ............. ............. .............

A. They will definitely include this topic B. They might include this topic C. They will not include this topic Source: Cambridge IELTS 7

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Dạng 9:

Summary Completion

Summary tức là 1 đoạn văn ngắn hơn so với bài nghe, tóm tắt lại những ý chính điển hình nhất trong bài nghe. Dạng Summary Completion dạo gần đây thường xuất hiện với tần suất ít hơn trong các bài thi IELTS Listening, nhưng khi đã xuất hiện thì nó tập trung chủ yếu ở Section 3 và 4 và có độ khó khá cao. a. Kiến thức Một số đặc điểm của Summary Completion - Là dạng câu hỏi điền từ còn thiếu vào chỗ trống với giới hạn từ cho trước [thường dao động từ 1 đến 3 từ]. Giới hạn từ sẽ được khẳng định ngay ở phần đầu của câu hỏi - Thường xuất hiện trong Section 3 và Section 4 của bài thi IELTS Listening nên có thể được xếp vào nhóm câu hỏi khó của IELTS Listening - Bài Summary Completion sẽ có một tiêu đề giúp bạn nắm bắt được nội dung chính của bài tóm tắt là gì. - Giống như các dạng câu hỏi khác, thứ tự thông tin trong bài nghe sẽ trùng với thứ tự câu hỏi. Ví dụ Summary Completion xuất hiện trong Section 3 của bài thi IELTS Listening, với giới hạn từ là không quá 2 từ cho 1 vị trí trống. Tên của bài tóm tắt là George's experience of university nên ta đoán được Section 3 này sẽ nói về những trải nghiệm của George khi đi học đại học.

Complete the summary below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Georges experience of university

George is studying Mechanical Engineering which involves several disciplines. He is finding 23........ the most difficult. At the moment, his course is mainly 24.......... He will soon have an assignment which involves a study of 25 ............. He thinks there are too many 26............and would like less of them.

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Dạng Summary Completion xuất hiện trong Section 4 của bài thi IELTS Listening nhưng giới hạn chỉ là 1 từ duy nhất vào 1 vị trí trống. Tiêu đề của bài nghe là Health and Hair, tức bài nghe sẽ nói về mối tương quan giữa tóc và sức khoẻ.

Complete the summary below Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

Health and Hair Changes in diet will take longer to affect your hair than your 39.......... Vitamins C, D and E are all important for healthy hair and 40......... are one of the best sources of Vitamin C. Nguồn: The Official Guide to IELTS

- Đôi khi Summary Completion sẽ có một danh sách từ cho trước và bạn cần hoàn thành vào chỗ trống bằng những từ được cho ở danh sách. Những từ vựng cho trước này, hoặc được nhắc đến y hệt ở bài nghe, hoặc được diễn đạt bằng từ đồng nghĩa trong bài nghe. Note: Sự khác biệt giữa Summary Completion và Note/ Table/ Sentence Completion Dạng Summary Completion về mặt hình thức giống với dạng Note/ Table/ Sentence Completion hay thậm chí giống cả Form Completion nữa. Chúng đều yêu cầu người nghe hoàn thành vào vị trí trống với từ vựng thích hợp. Sự khác nhau ở đây là: - Dạng Note/ Table/ Sentence Completion thì mỗi câu hỏi trong một đoạn Note/ Table/ Sentence là một câu riêng rẽ, hoặc thậm chí chỉ là một cụm từ tóm tắt lại ý chính của bài nghe. Những thông tin liên quan với mỗi chỗ trống sẽ ít hơn, ngắn gọn hơn. - Dạng Summary Completion là một đoạn tóm tắt lại các ý chính của một phần trong audio, vì vậy câu nọ liên kết với câu kia để tạo thành một đoạn văn hoàn chỉnh. Vì thế, người nghe phải ghi nhớ nhiều thông tin hơn khi làm Summary Completion và khó khăn khi xác định từ cần điền là gì.

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Cách làm dạng Summary Completion Bước 1: Xác định giới hạn từ cần điền vào mỗi chỗ trống - Giới hạn từ cần điền thường dao động trong khoảng 1 - 3 từ - Xác định giới hạn từ giúp bạn tránh được lỗi điền thừa/ thiếu thông tin vào câu trả lời Bước 2: Phân tích thông tin có sẵn - Đọc tiêu đề của bài Summary để biết đại ý chính của bài nghe - Gạch chân keywords [từ khóa] giúp hiểu nội dung chính của câu hỏi và giúp dễ dàng bắt được vị trí chứa thông tin cho một câu hỏi. Từ khoá chính ở đây thường là danh từ, động từ, tính từ mang ý nghĩa đặc trưng nhất của đoạn văn. - Rất nên chú ý đến những từ khoá sẽ không bị diễn đạt lại bằng từ đồng nghĩa trong bài nghe, như tên riêng, thuật ngữ chuyên ngành, thời gian .. vì những từ vựng này sẽ là cột mốc giúp bạn định hình bài nghe đang nói chỗ nào, nói về cái gì. Bước 3: Phân tích câu trả lời - Bạn nên chia nhỏ bài Summary thành nhiều câu văn nhỏ để phân tích dễ hơn - Xác định từ loại [danh từ, động từ, tính từ ... ] và loại thông tin vào mỗi chỗ trống. Việc xác định như vậy giúp bạn dễ dàng trong việc nghe hiểu và bắt được từ cần điền vào mỗi câu hỏi hơn. - Cố gắng đoán những đáp án khả dụng. Liệu rằng thông tin cần điền sẽ là cái gì, nơi chốn, sự vật, sự việc hay con người . để bạn nghe có định hướng hơn.

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Ví dụ: Complete the summary below Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

Looking for Asian honey bees Birds called Rainbow Bee Eaters eat only 25............. , and cough up small bits of skeleton and other products in a pellet. Researchers go to the locations the bee eaters like to use for 26............. They collect the pellets and take them to a 27............. for analysis. Here 28............. is used to soften them, and the researchers look for the 29 ............. of Asian bees in the pellets. The benefit of this research is that the result is more 30............. than searching for live Asian bees. Nguồn: Cambridge 8 - Test 2

Đề bài viết Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer nên với mỗi chỗ trống/ câu hỏi, chỉ được phép điền 1 từ duy nhất. Câu 25: Birds called Rainbow Bee Eaters eat only 25......, and cough up small bits of skeleton and other products in a pellet. - Từ Rainbow Bee Eaters sẽ không được paraphrase khi nghe nên chúng ta có thể bám vào từ này để định vị vị trí đáp án câu 25 trong bài nghe. - Nhờ có từ eat only ...... nên ta sẽ biết ở vị trí 25, ta cần điền 1 danh từ chỉ một món ăn nào đó của con Rainbow Bee Eaters, ví dụ như nó chỉ ăn thịt, ăn côn trùng, ăn sâu, ...... - Thông tin cough up small bits of skeleton and other products in a pellet giúp hoàn thiện câu, nhưng không có chứa đáp án nên bạn có thể không cần quá chú ý.

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Câu 26: Researchers go to the locations the bee eaters like to use for 26.......... - Từ locations là nội dung chính, lúc nào bài nghe nhắc tới địa điểm mà các nhà khoa học đi tới thì ta sẽ cần chú ý để chọn thông tin thích hợp câu 26. - the bee eaters like to use for. đóng vai trò bổ sung mô tả cho locations, có thể là những địa điểm con Rainbow Bee Eaters thích đến để ăn/ ngủ/ đẻ trứng/.......... nên vị trí 26 hoặc sẽ là một danh từ, hoặc khả năng câu hơn là động từ ở dạng V-ing Câu 27: They collect the pellets and take them to a 27.......... for analysis. - Ý chính của câu này là collect the pellets và đây cũng là cụm từ giúp bạn xác định vị trí thông tin liên quan đến câu 27 - Sau khi các nhà nghiên cứu thu thập pellets, họ sẽ mang đến một nơi nào đó để phân tích, vậy nên câu 27 chắc chắn cần 1 danh từ chỉ nơi chốn, ở dạng số ít. Thường thì để phân tích, mình sẽ đưa mẫu đến phòng thí nghiệm [laboratory] hoặc phòng nghiên cứu [research room]..... Thực hiện tương tự với các vị trí trống tiếp theo Bước 4: Nghe audio và điền đáp án - Song song với việc nghe, bạn cần đồng thời đối chiếu từ đồng nghĩa giữa bài nghe và phần Summary. Ví dụ khi đang nghe thông tin câu 25, bài nghe nhắc đến: The unique food for these bees is . thì bạn cần nhanh chóng nhận ra rằng: the unique food = eat only - Nếu bạn nghe được 1 từ có thể là đáp án và/hoặc bạn biết nghĩa tiếng Việt của từ này nhưng chưa nhận ra các đánh vần của nó, hãy nhanh chóng ghi lại nghĩa/ cách phát âm của đáp án đó. Bạn sẽ có thời gian kiểm tra lại đáp án cuối mỗi section. - Đáp án điền vào mỗi chỗ trống cần phù hợp về cả ngữ pháp và ngữ nghĩa với bài tóm tắt

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b. Bài tập thực hành

/ drive.google.com/drive/folders/1uCwewZq0oshS-j2rMxSnkaHXQN3E-dEu

Exercise 1: Questions 1-4 Complete the summary below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Summary Paul was interested in the 1.................. so took an ecology course at university. The course included a section on 2.................... and an interesting lecture caused him to quickly change his degree. Paul says working in palarontology can be difficult and he describes the conditions as 3................. However, the discovery of a 4.................... from an ancient animal made him realise he had made the right choice. Source: The official guide to IELTS

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Exercise 2: Questions 31-34 Complete the summary below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Sundials With the sundial, daylight was measured in twelve 31.................. which were longer and shorter depending on the seasons. The first known sundial is a 32............... sundial from Egypt. After some development, sundial could measure time accurately despite seasonal changes and 33............ People have sundials today as 34............... items in their gardens.

Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 3: Questions 7-10 Complete the summary below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer

Benchmark Consulting company vision for the future Over the next five years, Benchmark Consulting will create two 7.............................. companies in order to increase business with European and Asian organisations. In all departments, more 8...................... will be recruited over the next year, and to ensure Benchmark Consulting is a good choice for potential employees, salaries for staff will be raised by 9......................... Staff who will have to move to a different city following the restructure will receive a 10............................. to assist with expenses. Source: Listening for IELTS Exercise 4: Questions 1-4 Listen and complete the summary Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Fire evacuation summary If the fire alarm is activated, all staff should exit the building using the main stairs unless it sounds at 11.00 am on Tuesday, in which case it is 1............................... Do not waste time by picking up any bags or 2.............................. Once outside the building, staff should follow the 3......................... who will direct them to the waiting area at the back of the building. Each department has an appointed fire safety officer who is responsible for checking all their staff have left the office. This person must then report any 4........................ to the fire safety manager. The fire safety manager will notify people when it is safe to return. Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 5: Questions 8-10 Complete the summary below using words from the box Write ONE option A-H next to 8-10

Project content summary The alternative energy project will cover 3 main areas: a comparison, a price 8.................. and an analysis. The students will use information given to them by their tutor and government 9.......................... Using a system of comparison between the data sets they will 10................. any discrepancies for further analysis A data

D demonstrate

B highlight

E prediction

C statistics

F evaluate

G reduction

Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 6: Questions 1-5 Complete the summary below with the correct words a-l Write ONE option a-l next to 1-5

The students are preparing for their 1........................... discussion by discussing the various theories presented by academics in the fields of 2........................ energy. Overall, they agree with the academics that the most sustainable long term 3........................ energy source is nuclear but they are concerned about the 4........................ based on past disasters around the world. The students are unable to agree on the cost-to-benefit ratio of sources such as wind and solar because the academic 5........................ appears to be inconclusive. a. dangers

b. price

c. alternative

d. cost effectice

e. problems

f. evidence

g. different

h. nuclear

i. research

j. benefits

k. tutorial

l. seminar

Source: Listening for IELTS

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Exercise 7: Questions 21-25 Complete the summary below Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

The school of Education Libraries

The libraries on both sites provide internet access and have a variety of 21................... materials on education. The Castle Road library has books on sociology, together with 22.................. and other resources relevant to the majority of 23..................... school subjects. The Fordham library includes resources for teaching in 24..................... education and special needs Current issues of periodicals are available at both libraries, although 25........... issues are only available at Fordham. Source: Cambridge IELTS 6

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Exercise 8: Questions 26-30 Complete the summary below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Business centre The Business Resource Centre contains materials such as books and manuals to be used for training. It is possible to hire 26.................... and 27.................... There are materials for working on study skills [eg. 28.....................] and other subjects include finance and 29..................... 30...........................membership costs £50 per year. Source: Cambridge IELTS 6 Exercise 9: Questions 25-30 Complete the summary below Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

Looking for Asian honey bees Birds called Rainbow Bee Eaters eat only 25..................., and cough up small bits of skeleton and other products in a pellet. Researchers go to the locations the bee eaters like to use for 26.................. They collect the pellets and take them to a 27.................... for analysis. Here 28 .................... is used to soften them and the researchers look for the 29.................. of Asian bees in the pellets The benefit of this research is that the result is more 30.................. than searching for live Asian bees. Source: Cambridge IELTS 8

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Exercise 10: Questions 31 34 Complete the summary below Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

The weak-tie theory: how friends-of-friends influence us In 1973, Mark Granovetter claimed that the influence of weak-ties can affect the behavior of populations in the fields of information science, politics and 31.................... Although friends-of-friends may be unlike us, they have similar enough 32................. to have a beneficial effect on our lives. An example of this influence is when we hear about 33 .................... because information about them is provided by weak-ties. Since Granovetter proposed his theory, other studies have shown that weak-tie networks also benefit our 40.......................

Source: The official guide to IELTS Exercise 11: Questions 23-26 Complete the summary below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer

Georges experience of university George is studying Mechanical Engineering which involves several disciplines. He is finding 23... the most difficult. At the moment, his course is mainly 24... He will soon have an assignment which involves a study of 25. He thinks there are too many 26.. and would like less of them

Source: The official guide to IELTS

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GÓC GIỚI THIỆU KHOÁ HỌC/ DỊCH VỤ: Sau khi đã luyện tập 4 kỹ năng theo dạng câu hỏi và nắm vững cách làm bài, bạn cần làm gì tiếp theo?

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KEY DẠNG 1:

LETTERS AND NUMBERS

Exercise 1: 1. Barbara Cooper 2. John Murphy 3. Step hen 4. Adelaide

5. Martha Hunt 6. James Black 7. Greenwich 8. Terry Fisher

Transcript 1. My name is Barbara Cooper. Ill spell it for you Barbara, B-A-R-B-A-R-A, Cooper, C-O-O-P-E-R. Did you get it? Im Barbara Cooper. 2. Do you need my full name? My first names John, J-O-H-N. Yes, J-O-H-N. And my surnames Murphy, M-U-R-P-H-Y. 3. A: MY Christian name is Stephen B: Now, there are different ways of spelling that, arent there? A: Yes, Mines P-H B: Pardon? A: You spell it S-T-E-P-H-E-N B: Thank you 4. A: Place of birth, please madam B: Adelaide. A-D-E-L-A-I-D-E. Would you like me to spell it again? A-D-E-L-A-I-D-E 5. A: Hello. Id like to order a book by Martha Hunt. B: Hello? Its not a very good line, is it? A: Martha Hunt, M-A-R-T-H-A H-U-N-Y. Thats it. The title of the book is Slight. 6. Hello, er I have a reservation. The names James, James Black. 7. A: Where do you live? B: A suburb of London called Greenwich A: Gren B: No, no. G-R double E-N-W-I-C-H, Greenwich 8. A. Hello, I have an appointment with Miss Parker B. Your name, please? Terry Fisher. Thats T-E-R-R-Y, Terry, F-I-S-H-E-R, Fisher Thank you

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Exercise 2: 1. EDINBURGH 2. GLASGOW 3. ABERDEEN 4. DUNDEE 5. CARDIFF 6. SWANSEA 7. NEWPORT 8. BELFAST 9. MANCHESTER 10. LEEDS

11. SHEFFIELD 12. LEICESTER 13. LIVERPOOL 14. BIRMINGRAM 15. NOTTINGHAM 16. COVENTRY 17. BRISTOL 18. BRADFORD 19. LONDON 20. BRIGHTON

Exercise 3: 1. make a person-to-person call to Leeds 2. David Barker 3. 5027745

Transcript Operator: Caller: Operator: Caller: Operator: Caller: Operator: Caller: Operator:

Long distance. May I help you? Yes. I want to make a person-to person call to Leeds, please What is the name of the person, please? David Barker How do you spell that? Its B-A-R-K-E-R And what is the number? Its 5027745, but I dont have the area code. Just a minute, please

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Exercise 4: 1. Manchester 2. John Able 3. 2418 Grestone Road 4. 3659783

Transcript Operator: Enquirer: Operator: Enquirer: Operator: Enquirer: Operator: Enquirer: Operator:

Directory Enquiries. What city please? Manchester. Id like to have the telephone number of Mr. John Abel, please. Yes, maam. How do you spell his last name? Its A-B-E-L, Abel. Thank you. and could you tell me his address? Its 2418 Grestone Road The number is 3659783. 3659783. Thank you very much Youre welcome. Have a good day.

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Exercise 5:

Name

Where from

Subject

Charles Liz Chris Paulo

Leeds 1. Finland 3. The United States 5. Japan

Music 2. Computer science 4. Engineering 6. English

Transcript Example: My name is Charles Chang from Leeds. Im studying music here. 1. Im Elizabeth Sheen from Finland. You can call me Liz. It is spelled L-I-Z, easy to remember. Im studying computer science. 2. Im Chris, C-H-R-I-S, from the United States. Im studying engineering. 3. My name is Paulo White and I come from Japan, and Im studying English.

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Exercise 6: 1. 46 2. 13 3. 26

4. 40 5. 29 6. 18

7. 43 8. 38 9. 12

10. 87

Transcript

1. The sweater costs 46 pounds 2. Tom bought 13 books yesterday. 3. Mary is 26 years old. 4. Janet was 40 minutes late. 5. There are 29 students in my class. 6. My grandfather has 18 grandchildren. 7. Bill was size 43. 8. The temperature was 38oC yesterday. 9. The train arrived at 12 oclock. 10. I got 87 on my English test.

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Exercise 7: 1. Edinburgh 2. Diana Paxton 3. 932 Beach Road 4. 4023685

Transcript Operator: Enquirer: Operator: Enquirer: Operator: Enquirer: Operator: Enquirer: Operator:

Directory Enquiries. What city please? Edinburgh. I want to have the telephone number of Mrs. Diana Paxton, please. Yes, maam. Could you spell her last name, please? Yes. Its P-A-X-T-O-N, Paxton Thank you, and her address? 932 Beach Road. The number is 4023685 4023685. Thank you very much. Youre welcome.

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Exercise 8: 1. WILLIAMS 2. Peter 3. Canada 4. 25 5. 9 Crew Street RC4 6. 2342965

Transcript Secretary: Student: Secretary: Student: Secretary: Student: Secretary: Student: Secretary: Student: Secretary: Student: Secretary: Student: Secretary: Student: Secretary:

Good morning. Can I help you? Yes. Id like to enroll for the course. Certainly. Whats your surname please? Williams. Could you spell that for me? Yes. Its W-I-L-L-I-A-M-S Thank you. Whats your first name? Peter. Thats spelled P-E-T-E-R Thanks. Where are you from, Mr. Williams? Canada I see. Where do you live now? I live at 9 Crew Street RC4 and my telephone number is 2342965 Your number is 2342965 Yes, thats right Thank you. How old are you? 25 Thanks

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Exercise 9: 1. TURNBALL 2. Gill 3. Australia 4. 23 5. 32 Broadway SE23 6. 2073346

Transcript Secretary: Student: Secretary: Student: Secretary: Student: Secretary: Student: Secretary: Student: Secretary: Student: Secretary: Student: Secretary:

Good morning. Can I help you? Yes. Id like to enroll for the course. Certainly. Whats your surname please? Turnball Could you spell that for me? Yes. Its T-U-R-N-B-A-L-L Thank you. Whats your first name? Gill. Thats spelled G-I-L-L Thanks. Where are you from, Ms. Turnball? I come from Australia I see. Where do you live now? Now I live with my sister. Her address is 32 RoadWay SE23. Her telephone number is 2073346. Thank you. How old are you? 23 Thank you

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Exercise 10: 1. POTTERS 2. Mike 3. The United States 4. 27 5. 45 Hardcourt Lane E24 6. 3653241

Transcript Secretary:

Good afternoon. Can I help you?

Student:

Yes. Id like to enroll for the course.

Secretary:

Certainly. Whats your surname please?

Student:

Potters

Secretary:

Could you spell that for me?

Student:

Yes. Its P-O-T-T-E-R-S

Secretary:

Thank you. Whats your first name?

Student:

Mike. Thats spelled M-I-K-E

Secretary:

Thanks. Where are you from?

Student:

The United States

Secretary:

I see. How old are you?

Student:

23

Secretary:

Good. Where do you live now?

Student:

I live in 45 Hardcourt Lane E24.

Secretary:

I see. and do you have a telephone number?

Student:

Yes, 3653241

Secretary:

Thanks.

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Exercise 11: 1. 2:45 2. 5:20 3. 7:30 4. 6:20 5. 8:00

6. 12:30 7. 11:05 8. 17:40 9. 22:50 10. 15:30

Transcript 1.

A: Excuse me. Can you tell me the time, please B: Yes. Its a quarter to three 2. A: Do you have the right time, please? B: I think its twenty past five 3. A: Do you know what time the next bus is, please? B: Yes. Its half past five. 4. A. What time do you finish your work today? B. Twenty past six. 5. A: When do the shops open, please? B: At eight oclock 6. A: What time does the London train leave, please? B. Twelve thirty 7. A: Whats the next train to Birmingham, please? B: Seventeen forty 8. A: Excuse me, please. What time does the Liverpool train arrive? B: Twenty-two fifty 9. A: When does the Paris flight leave, please? B: Twenty-two fifty 10. A: What times the next flight to Amsterdam, please? B: Fifteen thirty

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Exercise 12: 1 9:30; 11:30 2. 50 3. 10:30 4. 15 5. an hour

Transcript A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

Have you got your timetable? Yes, I have When do we have Dr. Kents lecture? Monday morning at nine thirty and then at eleven thirty, mm also Friday morning at ten thirty. How long do they last? An hour Which rooms are they in? The Monday morning lectures take place in Room 50. The Friday morning one is in Room 15.

Q1 Q3 Q5 Q2 Q4

Vocabulary: - Timetable [noun]: thời gian biểu Meaning: a list showing the times at which particular events will happen

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Exercise 13:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Platform No.

Time

Destination

4 2 3 1 5 2 5 3

13:30 14:20 16:40 7:30 9:10 10:30 11:05 11:30

Cambridge Bimingham Liverpool London Leeds Oxford Leeds Manchester

Transcript 1. The train now standing at Platform 4 is the 13:30 to Cambridge. 2. The express train the Birmingham is now due in on Platform 2 at 14:20. 3. The next train to arrive at Platform 3 is the 16:40 to Liverpool. 4. The next train to London will depart from Platform 1 at 7:30. 5. British Rail apologises for the delay to Leeds. It will now depart at 9:10 from Platform 5. 6. The next train to Oxford will depart from Platform 2 at 10:30. 7. The train now standing at Platform 5 is the 11:05 to Leeds. 8. British Rail apologises for the delay to the Manchester train. It will now depart at 11:30 from Platform 3.

Vocabulary: - Depart [verb]: khởi hành Meaning: to leave a place, especially to start a trip - Apologise [verb]: xin lỗi Meaning: [to somebody] [for something] to say that you are sorry for doing something wrong or causing a problem

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Exercise 14:

Area

People/sq km

UK European Community England Greater London Scotland Wales Northern Ireland

234 143 364 4263 56 138 112

City

Area [sq kms]

Population [thousand]

Greater London Birmingham Leeds Glasgow Edinburgh Manchester Bristol Conventry

1580 264 562 198 261 116 110 97

6735.4 993.7 709.6 703.2 433.5 445.9 377.7 306.2

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TRANSCRIPT The population density of the UK is about 234 inhabitants per square kilometre, which is well above the European Community average of 143 per square kilometre. England is the most densely populated member of EC with 364 people per square kilometre [with Greater London having a density according to the latest figure of 4263 people per square kilometre] and Scotland the least densely populated with 56 people per square kilometre, while Wales and Northern Ireland have 138 and 112 people per square kilometre respectively. Now lets turn to the figures for some of Britains largest urban areas. Greater London, the first city in the list, has an area of 1580 square kilometres. It also has a large population of 6735.4 thousand in 1988. Birmingham in the English Midlands is 264 square kilometres in area with a population of 993.7 thousand. Leeds, the largest city in the north of England, is 562 square kilometres with a population of 709.6 thousand. The industrial Scottish town of Glasgow, with an area of 198 square kilometres, has a surprisingly high population of 703.2 thousand. Edinburgh, Scotlands capital, with an area of 261 square kilometres, has a population of 433.5 thousand. Manchester is 116 square kilometres with a population of 445.9 thousand. Bristol on the southwest of England is 110 square kilometres with a population of 377.7 thousand. In the Midlands, Conventry is the smallest city in this list. Its 97 square kilometres with a population of only 306.2 thousand. Vocabulary: - population density [noun]: mật độ dân số Meaning: a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume - inhabitant [noun]: cư dân Meaning: a person or an animal that lives in a particular place - densely populated [adj]: dân cư đông đúc Meaning: with a lot of things or people close together

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Exercise 15:

Countries

China

Japan

Korea

Thailand

Young people [%] who agree A woman's place is in the home

12%

6. 52%

12. 39%

19. 45%

If a couple both earn money, both should share the housework

1. 93%

7. 89%

13. 80%

20. 86%

Men and women should be paid the same for the same job

2. 85%

8. 89%

14. 75%

21. 87%

Nursing is womens work

3. 80%

9. 65%

15. 85%

22. 92%

Mining is mens work

90%

10. 90%

16. 87%

23. 95%

Cooking should still be done by women

4. 13%

82%

17. 65%

24. 47%

Washing clothes should still be done by women

5. 7%

11. 75%

18. 62%

25. 67%

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TRANSCRIPT Researchers have done some investigation into what young people believe is a womans place in society. Here is a report on some of their findings. The Chinese are consistent supporters of sex equality with only 12% of young people believing that a womans place is in the home. 93% are enthusiastic about sharing the housework and 85% of them believe that women should be paid the same for doing the same job. 80% think that nursing is a womans job and 90% of them believe that mining is only mens work. 13% of Chinese, an extremely low percentage, believe cooking is solely a womans job and 7%, even fewer, think that only she should do the washing. For a more traditional view of a womans place, turn to the Japanese. 52% think women belong in the home. 89% of young people believe that a couple should share the housework and get equal pay for doing the same job. 65% of them believe nursing is a good job for women and 90% believe that mining is solely mens work. 75% of them believe a woman should do the washing and 82% of them think she should do the cooking at home. 80% of Koreans believe men and women should get the same pay for the same job. 39% believe a womans place is in the home. 75% of them believe that housework should be shared between men and women if both work, but theres almost a complete reversal when it comes to doing the washing and cooking. Here, very few believe in sharing the work. 62% and 65% respectively believe that women should do both. 85% of Koreans believe nursing is a womans job and 87% think mining is a mans job. Turning to Thailand, we find a country thats not over enthusiastic about equality: 45% of young people believe that a woman should stay at home. However, theres an interesting 20% gap between whether cooking and washing are solely womens jobs. 67% vote for women doing the washing, while only 47% feel the same way about cooking and 86% of Thais believe that housework should be shared between men and women. 87% of young people believe that men and women should be paid the same for the same job. 92% think nursing is womens work and 95% of them believe mining should be done by men.

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Vocabulary: - investigation [noun]: sự điều tra Meaning: an official examination of the facts about a situation, crime, etc. - sex equality [noun]: sự bình đẳng giới Meaning: the fact of being equal in gender - enthusiastic [adjective]: nhiệt tình Meaning: feeling or showing a lot somebody/something

of

excitement

and

interest

about

- solely [adv]: một mình Meaning: only; not involving somebody/something else - when it comes to [phrase]: khi nhắc đến Meaning: when it is a question of something - respectively [adv]: lần lượt theo thứ tự Meaning: in the same order as the people or things already mentioned

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DẠNG 2:

FORM COMPLETION

Exercise 1: 1. Clarice Willard 2. 01928734566 3. family member 4. flat/apartment 5. 2/two

6. town centre 7. 350 8. bills 9. 57 Thorney Leys 10. email/e-mail

Transcript Man:

Hello. Good Moves Accommodation Agency. Ben speaking. How can I help? Woman: Good morning. Im calling about an apartment on your website, and was wondering if I could have some more information. M: Certainly. Can I take your details before we get started? W: Sure. M: Right, whats your name, please? W: OK, my name is Clarice Willard. Clarice is C-L-A-R-l-C-E. And Willard, W-l-L-L-A-R-D. M: And have you got a contact number? W: Yes, Ill give you my mobile, which is 0192 8734566. M: Thats great, thanks. And can I ask how you found us? W: Of course. A family member used you last year and recommended you. So, I had a look at your website and. well, thats why Im calling now. M: OK, so, which property are you interested in? W: The apartment on Statham Street, the one on the 3rd floor. M: Let me see. Ah, Im afraid that flats no longer available. W: No? M: No. it went this morning. Its in a really popular part of town. We do have a house on the same street, if youre interested. Its £950 a month. W: Er, no, I think thats much too expensive. I think an apartment is all we can afford.

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M:

Oh, so its not just for you?

W:

No, me and a friend. Were both starting work in the town next month.

M:

Oh right, so its two of you. So, lets see. Do you have any preferences in terms

Q7

of location? W:

Both our jobs are in the town centre, so it would be good to be within

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walking distance of that, or perhaps a short bus journey away. Neither of us have a car, so wed be relying on public transport. M:

And whats your budget?

W:

Im sorry?

M:

How much can you pay a month?

W:

Let me see, er, £700 a month is probably our limit.

M:

Each?

W:

No, that would be for the both of us. We wouldnt be able to pay more than

M:

£350 each. Oh, and that would have to include bills. Not phone bills,

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obviously, but things like electricity, gas and water. W:

Hmm, OK, well, we do have a place in the Bampton district, which is about ten minutes by bus from town. Its a two-bedroom apartment, and its less than your budget, at £600 a month. Bills would be extra, unfortunately, but that should still work out at less than £700. Although remember that electricity and gas prices are going up all the time, so I cant guarantee that.

M:

Do you have an address?

W:

I do. The apartment number is 3, and its at 57 Thorney Leys Road

M:

Hang on, let me just make a note of that. 57

W:

Thorney Leys Road. Thorney is T-H-O-R-N-E-Y and Leys is L-E-Y-S. And the district is called Bampton. Do you have an email address?

M:

Yes.

W:

In that case, I can send you the details, and then you can think about it. And if

Q9

Q10

youre interested, I could arrange for a visit so you can see the place for yourself. How does that sound? W:

Oh, that would be really helpful. Its [emailprotected] [fade]

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Vocabulary: - property [noun]: tài sản Meaning: a thing or things that are owned by somebody; a possession or possessions - no longer [adverb]: không còn nữa Meaning: used to say that something which was possible or true before, is not now - within walking distance of [adjective]: gần Meaning: near something - budget [noun]: ngân sách/thu nhập/túi tiền Meaning: the money that is available to a person or an organization - guarantee [verb]: đảm bảo Meaning: something that makes something else certain to happen

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Exercise 2: 1. Wallace 2. 14 Rose Hill

3. OX13 3NJ 4. 08723449162

5. Work 6. 5.30

7. Saturday May

Transcript

Advisor: Good morning. International Book Fair ticket office. How can I help? Caller: Oh, hello, Id like to book some tickets for the fair, please. And I have a few questions about the event as well, if thats Ok. A: Certainly. Well, lets deal with the tickets first. Er, can I just take your details first? C: Sure A: Lets start with your name and address C: OK, its Wallace. Augus Wallace A: Could you spell your surname for me, please? C: Of course. Its W-A-L-L-A-C-E A: Sorry, was that one L or two? C: Two, er, double L A: Thanks, and your address? C: OK, thats 14 Rose Hill A: 14, Rose Hill, is that rose, like the flower? C: Thats right, and its in Wallington A: Oh, I know Wallington, its just outside Oxford, isnt it? C: Thats right. And the postcode is OX13 3NJ A: OX30 3NJ C: No, its OX13, and its N for November, not M for Mike. A: Sorry, OX13 3NJ. Thank you. Do you have a contact number? C: I do, its 0872 344 9162 A: 0872 344 9162 C: Right. Thats my home number. If Im not in, I can be contacted at work, on 0872 298 1191. Im usually there from 9 in the morning until 5.30 in the evening. A: And how many tickets would you like? C: Two, please. For the Saturday A: Two for Saturday May 7th C: C: Thats right

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Exercise 3: 1. Malaysian 2. 13 Anglesea

3. 0404229160 4. economist 5. dancing

Transcript Don: Jenny: D: J: D: J:

D: J: D: J: D: J: D: J: D: J: D: J: D: J:

Hello. Come in and take a seat Oh, thanks Good, how can I help you? Well, Id quite like to join this International Social Club and I was shopping you can help me. Yes, no problem. Lets me just get the form up my screen and Ill fill in your details. Lets see yes, here we are. Ok, the first think we need is your name Foo, thats F-double O OK, great and can you tell me how old you are, Jenny? I'm 21 . D Great and how long have you been here in Australia, by the way? I arrived just last month, two weeks before the start of the academic year, just to sort things out and settle in a bit. Good idea. Where are you from originally? I'm from Kuala Lumpur - that's where I was born and brought up. So, you're Malaysian, are you? That's right, though I lived in the United States for a couple of years when I was a teenager - we went there for my father's Job. Right. And can you tell me your current address, please? Sure. Just at the moment I'm lodging with a family at 13 Anglesea Road in Bondi. OK, let me just type that in. Er, how do you spell Anglesea , by the way? It's spelled A- N-G- L- E- S-E-A Thanks. That's quite a long way from the city centre, isn't it? Is it a problem getting into the city centre? Not really, because the buses are good, and it's a nice, quiet area to live in.

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D: J: D: J: D: J: D: J: D:

J: D: J:

Mm. that's true. So I guess you must have a cell-phone number you can give me so we can keep you informed of events and so on. Yes. Let me just have a look - it's a new one, so I haven't learned the number yet. Ah, here it is. It's 040 422 9160 ... 9160. OK, good. And you like the family you're living with? Sure. They've got a little boy, who is quite noisy, but he's really no trouble. Fine. Now, let's see, what's next? Er, yep. Can you tell me what you do I mean, are you working or studying? Well, at the moment I'm doing a temporary job with a company here in Sydney I'm an economist in fact OK - and how long do you think you'll be here in Sydney? At least a year. I may look for work here afterwards. Great. Now, you want to join the International Social Club, and it would be good to know a bit about your free-time interests as well. What do you like doing? Well. I'm quite musical and I really enjoy singing. Mm-hm. Back home. I sang with a band-just you know, for fun. But for me, what I like best is dancing. You know, the modern sort? I really love it

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Vocabulary: - settle in [verb]: định cư ở đâu Meaning: to place in - lodge [verb]: sống tạm ở đâu Meaning: to live in a place contemporarily - temporary [adj]: tạm thời Meaning: lasting or intended to last or be used only for a short time; not permanent

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Exercise 4: 1. Dress Your Best 2 Kirby

3. 09356 788 545 4. [extra] charge 5. American Express

Transcript Good afternoon, KT Furniture. Can I help you? Man: Woman: Oh. hello, yes. Um, I'm setting up a new office and I don't have Internet access yet. But I'd like to place an order for some furniture That's fine. You can do it over the phone. And I can fill in the form for you M: this end. Oh great, thanks W: I just need to take a few customer details first if that's OK? M: Yes, fine W: What name is it? M: My name? W: Yes M: Oh, it's Sue Brown W: Sue Brown -thanks. And what's the name of your company, Ms. Brown? M: It's a clothing company, er... it's called 'Dress your best'. W: M: OK. I'll just note that down 'Dress- for- best'. W: No - 'your best'. M: Oh right, got it. So you make smart clothes? W: Yes, formal dress for weddings and special occasions. We also repair and alter clothes. M: I see. And where are you located - what's your postal address? W: Right - well. We're on Kirby Trading Estate. M: Kirby - how do you spell that? W: It's K-1-R-B-Y. M: Oh. I know that area. It's New Hampton Road, isn't it? W: Yes. that's right, number 210 - in South Down. M: OK. And can I have a contact number for our delivery man? W: Sure it's probably best if I give you my mobile number M: OK.

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W: M: W: M: W: M: W: M: W: M: W: M: W: M: W: M: W: M.

The number's 09356 788 545 . OK, double 7 8 . No - 7 double 8. 5-4-5. Ah ... OK. That's great. Now just a couple more questions before I take your order Fine. We have two delivery dates this month, and you should be able to have either. When are they? Well, there's one on the 16th of the month, but there's a charge of 40 dollars for that one. Oh. That's a lot! Mmm. Or there's option 2 which is the end of the month . . . I'll have to confirm the date later. And that's a free delivery. I'll take option 2. Thanks. I don't want to pay a charge . OK - I'll note down 'no charge'. We haven't organised the office yet. So there should be plenty of time. Mm-hm. And lastly, you don't have an account with us .. so how would you like to pay? Oh- I'll pay by credit card. OK - w1ll that be Visa? Is American Express OK? Absolutely fine.

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Vocabulary: - formal dress [compound noun]: quần áo trang trọng Meaning: the clothes which are worn in special occasions - alter [verb]: thay đổi Meaning: to become different; to make somebody/something different

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Exercise 5: 1. 23rd July/ 23/7/ 7/23 2. HEPWORTH

3. 07968 355630 4. electricity 5. drain/ sewer

Transcript Narrator: You will hear a woman talking in the phone to a campsite manager. Man: Hi, Lake Pane Campground. Can I help you? Woman: Oh, hi, yes, um. I wonder if we could book a site on your campground? M: Sure. My computers down at the moment, so I just need to get a form. OK how many nights would you like to stay for? W: Um, well, ideally, wed like to stay for five. M: Five nights, OK. So when are you planning to arrive? W: Well, well be travelling around the area from mid-July and we think well be at the lake by about the 24th M: Lets see. Julys a busy time. We could probably fit you in, but to be honest, if you want five nights, it would be better to get here a day earlier. Weve got a big group coming at the end of the month. W: OK the 23rds fine. We werent sure so M: Great. Do you just want somewhere to park and pitch a tent, or do you have an RV? W: An RV? M: Yeah you know, a recreational vehicle a camper van W: Oh right, yes, were driving a van, so M: OK, thats fine. So, um, what name is it, please? W: Its Hepworth, thats H-E-P-W-O-R-T-H M: OK thanks. Ive heard that name before. W: Well, its quite common in England particularly in Yorkshire. Thats where were from. M: I was going to ask you if you were in the UK. Its a really good line, isnt it? W: Yes M: Would this be your contact number? W: Yes its 07968355630

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M: Great, thanks W: Do you want my home number as well? M: No, thats fine W: OK M: We supply a number of facilities. I dont know if youre familiar with the way campgrounds work here. W: It would be good if you could explain. M: Well, youre coming in the RV, so would you like to hook up to our electricity? W: Oh yes, please M: You can also attach your vehicle to the water taps here M: I hope its all easy to do M: Yeah you just plug into the electricity and switch on the water. The people who hire our the RVs will explain it all. W: OK and what about waste water? M: Sure you can have a site with a sewer or I think you guys call it a drain thats a bit extra. Not all campground have that facility, you see. W: Fine, well have it. So whats the total and.

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Vocabulary: - campground [noun]: khu vực cắm trại Meaning: a place for a camp or for a camp meeting - pitch [verb]: dựng, cắm lên [dựng trại, lều] Meaning: to erect or set up [a tent, camp] - recreational [adjective]: mang tính giải trí Meaning: of or relating to recreation - camper van [noun]: xe tải có mui Meaning: a motor caravan - sewer [noun] = drain [noun]: cống thoát nước Meaning: an artificial conduit, usually underground, for carrying off waste water and refuse

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Exercise 6: 1. 27 Bank Road 2. [a] dentist 3. Sable 4. Northern Star 5. stolen

6. Paynter 7. brother-in-law 8. [travel/traveling] [to] work 9. Red Flag 10. 450

Transcript WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN:

Hello motor insurance department Oh hello Id like to ask about insurance for my car. Yes, of course. Ill just take a few details. Whats your name? Patrick Jones. And your address? Its 27 Bank Road. 27 Bank Road. Is that in Greendale? Yes. And whats your daytime phone number? My work number is 730453. And could I ask what your occupation is? Dentist. OK now a few details about your car What size is the engine? Its 1200 CCS. Thank you and the make and model? Its a Hewton Sable. Could you spell the model name please? Yes S-A-B-L-E. Ah yes.., thanks. And when was it made? 1997. Lovely right I presume youve had a previous insurer? Yes. Right we need to know the name of the company. Yes it was Northern Star. Thank you, and have you made any insurance claims in the last five years? Yes one in 1999.

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WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN:

MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN:

And what was the problem? It was stolen but Thats fine, Mr. Jones thats all we need to know at the moment And will there be any other named drivers? Just the one And his name? Simon Paynter . Could you spell the surname please? P-A-Y-N-T-E-R. OK thank you And what relationship is he to you? Hes my brother-in-law. And what will you or Mr. Paynter be using the car for? Well mainly for social use Social use. Will you be using it to travel to work ? Yes sometimes. Anything else? No. Thats it And finally when would you like to start the insurance? Ill need it from the 31st of January. Right Mr. Jones Im getting a couple of quotes coming up on the computer now and the best bet looks like being with a company called Red Flag. Yeah. And that comes out at $450 per year Well that seems OK its quite a bit lower than Ive been paying up to now Great so would you like me to go ahead with that? Sure why not? How would you like to pay?

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Vocabulary: - presume [verb]: đoán Meaning: to guess - insurer [noun]: bên bảo hiểm Meaning: a person or company that contracts to indemnify another in the event of loss or damage

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Exercise 7: 6. International House 7. B659

8. [an] office assistant 9. answer [the] phone 10. 11.30

Transcript AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT:

STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: AGENT:

STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT:

Now, whats your name again? Anita Newmanthats N-E-W-M-A-N. And your address, Anita? Im in one of the Halls of Residence for post-graduate students, you know, International House. OKthats easy. Whats your room number there? Room B569 no sorry B659. I always get that wrong. I havent been living there very long. Do you have any other skills? Typing, languages, that sort of thing? Well, I speak some Japanese. Right, Ill make a note of that. Nowlets see what else is available. What do you think of administrative work? There is a position for an Office Assistant at the English Language Centre. That sounds interesting. Its for 3 days a weekMonday, Friday and Saturday mornings. Interested? Mmm. I was hoping to have Saturdays free. But I need the work so can you tell me what the job involves? Yes, sure. It says here that youll be required to deal with student enquiries and answer the phone. Im sure I can handle all that without a problem. Great. Well, would you like me to arrange an interview for you? Say, Friday morning, around ten? Could we make it a bit later? Unfortunately, Ive got something to do at ten. Would that be OK? Not a problem. How about eleven thirty? Hope it works out for you Anita. Me too. And thanks for all your help.

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Vocabulary: - deal with [verb]: xử lý, giải quyết Meaning: to solve problems or issues - enquiry [noun]: sự thắc mắc, ý kiến Meaning: a seeking or request for truth, information, or knowledge - handle [verb]: xử lý Meaning: to deal with a situation, a person, an area of work or a strong emotion

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Exercise 8: 3. 48 North Avenue 4. WS6 2YH 5. 01674 553242 6. [free] refreshment[s]/ drink[s]

7. [the/a] pianist/piano player 8. 10.50 9. 4 10. 50%

Transcript NINA: GEORGE: NINA: GEORGE: NINA: GEORGE: NINA: GEORGE: NINA: GEORGE: NINA: GEORGE: GEORGE:

GEORGE:

NINA: GEORGE:

So will you fill in the form or shall I? Ill do it. Name: George ONeill. Address: 48 North Avenue, Westsea. Do you remember our new postcode? Still cant remember it. Just a minute Ive got it written down here. WS6 2YH. Do you need the phone too? Please. Im really bad at numbers. 01674 553242. So, lets book two tickets for Guitarrini. Okay. If youre sure ￡7.50 each is all right. How do you feel about the singer? I havent quite decided. But Ive noticed something on the booking form that might just persuade me! Whats that then? Free refreshments! Really? Yes, look here. Sunday 17th of June. Singer, ticket ￡6.00 includes drinks in the garden. Sounds like a bargain to me! Yes, lets book two tickets for that. So, what else? Im feeling quite keen now! How about the pianist on the 22nd of June? Anna Ventura? Ive just remembered thats my evening class night. Thats okay. Ill just have to go on my own but we can go to the Spanish dance and guitar concert together, cant we? Yes Im sure Tom and Kieran would enjoy that too. Good heavens ￡ 10.50 a ticket! I can see were going to have to go without food for the rest of the week well need to book four ! Wish we were students look! Children, Students and Senior Citizens get a 50% discount on everything. If only!

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Vocabulary: - refreshment [noun]: food or drink Meaning: something to eat or drink like food or drink - bargain [noun]: món hời Meaning: an advantageous purchase, especially one acquired at less than the usual cost - discount [noun]: sự giảm giá Meaning: an amount deducted from the usual list price

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Exercise 9: 1. waiter[s] 2. day off 3. break 4. [free] meal 5. dark [colored/coloured]

6. jacket 7. 28 June 8. Urwin 9. 12.00 [pm]/noon/mid-day 10. reference

Transcript WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN:

Hello, West Bay Hotel. Can I help you? Oh, good morning. Im ringing about your advertisement in the Evening Gazette. Is that the one for temporary [Example] staff? Thats right. Yes. Im afraid the person whos dealing with that isnt in today, but I can give you the main details if you like. Yes, please. Could you tell me what kinds of staff you are looking for? Were looking for waiters at the moment. There was one post for a cook, but thats already been taken. Oh right. Erin, what are the hours of work? There are two different shifts theres a day shift from 7 to 2 and a late shift from 4 till 11. And can people choose which one they want to do? Not normally, because everyone would choose the day shift I suppose. You alternate from one week to another. Okay. Im just writing all this down. What about time off? You get one day off and I think you can negotiate which one you want, its more or less up to you. But it has to be the same one every week. Do you know what the rates of pay are? Yes, Ive got them here. You get £5.50 an hour, and that includes a break. Do I have to go home to eat or You dont have to. You can get a meal in the hotel if you want to, and theres no charge for it so you might as well. Oh good. Yes, so lets see. Id get er, two hundred and twenty one, no, two hundred and thirty one pounds a week?

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WOMAN: Youd also get tips-our guests tend to be quite generous. Ern, is there a uniform? What about clothes? MAN: WOMAN: Yes, I forgot to mention that. You need to wear a white shirt, just a plain one, and dark trousers. You know, not green or anything like that. And we dont supply those. MAN: Thats okay, Ive got trousers, Id just have to buy a couple of shirts. What about anything else? Do I need a waistcoat or anything? WOMAN: You have to wear a jacket , but the hotel lends you that. MAN: I see. Er, one last thing I dont know what the starting date is. Just a minute, I think its sometime around the end of June. Yes, the 28th, in time for the summer. MAN: Thats great. Im available from the 10th. WOMAN: Oh good. Well, if you can call again you need to speak to the Service Manager. Her names Jane Urwin, thats U-R-W-I-N, and shell probably arrange to meet you. MAN: Okay. And whens the best time to ring? WOMAN: Could you call tomorrow? Um, she usually starts checking the rooms at midday, so before then if you can, so shell have more time to chat. Ill just give you her number because shes got a direct line. MAN: Thanks. WOMAN: Its 832 double 0 9. MAN: 823 double -0 9? WOMAN: 832 MAN: Oh, okay. Yes, Ill do that. WOMAN: And by the way, she will ask you for a reference, so you might like to be thinking about that. You know, just someone who knows you and can vouch for you. MAN: Yes, no problem. Well, thanks very much for your help. WOMAN: Youre welcome. Bye. MAN: Bye.

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Vocabulary: - shift [noun]: ca Meaning: a period of time worked by a group of workers who start work as another group finishes - alternate [verb]: thay đổi Meaning: [of two things] happening or following one after the other regularly - negotiate [verb]: thương thuyết Meaning: [with somebody] [for/about something] to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion - vouch for [verb]: xác nhận Meaning: [formal] to say that you believe that something is true or good because you have evidence for it

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Exercise 10: 1. answer[ing] [the] phone 2. Hillsdunne Road 3. library 4. 4.45 5. national holidays

6. after 11 [oclock] 7. clear voice 8. think quickly 9. 22 October 10. Manuja

Transcript WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN:

Good evening. Kings Restaurant. Good evening. Im ringing about the job I understand you have vacant. Oh yes. Id like to find out a few more details, if I may. Yes, of course. Can I take your name? Its Peter Chin. Okay Peter. Well, if you want to ask about the job and then if were both still interested, we could arrange for you to come for an interview. Great, thanks. Im afraid I missed the advert for the job but heard about it from a friend. Thats no problem at all. What would you like to know? Well, um, what sort of work is it washing up? Its answering the phone. Q1 Oh right, fine. And not waiting at table. Thatd be good. And how many nights a week would it be? Well, were really only busy at the weekend. So two nights? Three actually, so it would work out at twelve hours a week. Thatd be fine. It wouldnt interfere with my studies. Are you at the university? Yes. First year Physics student. Oh, right. Um, and because Im not an EU national would I need a work permit? Yes you would. Just get your tutor to sign it.

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MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN:

That wouldnt be a problem, if I were to get the job. Um, where exactly is the restaurant? Well, we have two branches the one were recruiting for is in Hillsdunne Road I dont know that. How do you spell it please? Its H-I-double L-S-D-U-double N-E Road. Got that. Thanks. Is it near a bus stop? Yes. The nearest one would probably be just beside the library Oh yes, I know it. Thatd be fine for me. And could I ask about the pay? Were offering Ƚ4.45 an hour. Thats very good. My last job was Ƚ3.95 an hour. We feel its pretty good and we also offer some good fringe benefits. Really? Well, we give you a free dinner, so you eat well. Right, better than hostel food! We certainly hope so! And we also offer extra pay for working on national holidays. Oh, thats a really good perk, isnt it? Yes, we think so. And then because of the difficulties of getting public transport, if youre working after 11 oclock we drive you home. Oh, thats good to know. Well, wed certainly be interested in inviting you for an interview, if youre still interested? Oh yes, certainly. Could I just also ask what qualities youre looking for? Well, for this particular job we want a clear voice, which you obviously do have! Thanks. And you must be able to think quickly, you know. Well, I hope Id So, when could you come in for an interview? Were actually quite quiet tonight? Sorry, I couldnt come tonight. Or tomorrow, Im afraid. Thursdays okay thatd be 22nd of October. Fine, after 5 p.m.?

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MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN:

Yes, fine. Would 6 oclock be okay? Good. I look forward to seeing you. Oh, by the way, who should I ask for? Oh yes, of course, sorry. My name is Samira Manuja Can you spell that, please? M-A-N-U-J-A. Okay, Ive got that. Thanks very much. Look forward to seeing you

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Vocabulary: - interfere with [verb]: can thiệp vào Meaning: to take part in the affairs of others - recruit [verb]: tuyển dụng Meaning: to enlist [a person] for service in one of the armed forces - fringe benefit [noun]: phúc lợi Meaning: Any of various benefits, as free life or health insurance, paid holidays, a pension, etc.,received by an employee in addition to regular pay. - perk [noun]: đặc quyền Meaning: the benefit

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Exercise 11: 1. Bhatt 2. 31 March 3. nursing 4. 2 5. meat

6. bedsit 7. theater/theatre 8. mature/older 9. town 10. shared

Transcript Good morning. Can I help you? MAN: WOMAN: Yes. Ive just been accepted on a course at the university and Id like to try and arrange accommodation in the hall of residence. Example Yes, certainly. Please sit down. What Ill do is fill in a form with you to find MAN: out a little more about your preferences and so forth. WOMAN: Thank you. So first of all, can I take your name? MAN: Q1 WOMAN: Its Anu Bhatt. MAN: Could you spell your name please? WOMAN: Yes. A-N-UB-H-A double T. MAN: Thanks, and could I ask your date of birth? Q2 WOMAN: 31st March 1972. MAN: Thank you. And where are you from? WOMAN: India. MAN: Oh right. And what will you be studying? WOMAN: Im doing a course in nursing. Q3 MAN: Right, thank you. And how long would you want to stay in hall, do you think? WOMAN: Well, itll take three years but Id only like to stay in hall for two. Id like to think about living outside for the third year. MAN: Fine. And what did you have in mind for catering? Do you want to cook for yourself or have all your meals provided, thats full board? WOMAN: Is there something in between? MAN: Yes. You can just have evening meal provided, which is half board. WOMAN: Thats what Id prefer. MAN: Yes a lot of students opt for that. Now, with that in mind, do you have any special diet, anything we should know about?

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WOMAN: Yes, I dont take red meat. MAN: No red meat. MAN: Now, thinking about the room itself, we have a number of options. You can have a single study bedroom or you can have a shared one. These are both what we call simple rooms. The other alternative is to opt for a single bedsit which actually has more space and better facilities. Theres about Ƚ20 a week difference between them. WOMAN: Well, actually my grant is quite generous and I think the bedsit sounds the best option. Lovely. Ill put you down for that and well see what availability is like. Now MAN: can I ask some other personal details which we like to have on record? WOMAN: Yes, of course. I wonder if you could let us know what your interests are. This might help us MAN: get a closer match for placing you in a particular hall. WOMAN: Ummm. Well, I love the theatre MAN: Right. WOMAN: And I enjoy sports, particularly badminton. MAN: Thats worth knowing. Now, what we finish with on the form is really a list from you of what your priorities are in choosing a hall and well do our best to take these into account. WOMAN: Well, the first thing is Id prefer a hall where there are other mature students if possible. MAN: Yes, we do have halls which tend to cater for slightly older students. WOMAN: Ummm and Id prefer to be out of town MAN: Thats actually very good for you because we tend to have more vacancies in out-of-town halls. WOMAN: Lucky! MAN: Yes. Anything else? WOMAN: Well, I would like somewhere with a shared area. A TV room, for example, or something like that. Its a good way to socialise. MAN: It certainly is. WOMAN: Thats it. MAN: Now, we just need a contact telephone number for you. WOMAN: Sure, Ill just find it. Its double 67549. MAN: Great, so well be in contact with you as soon as possible

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Vocabulary: - accommodation [noun]: chỗ ở Meaning: a place to live, work or stay in - cater [verb]: chăm sóc, phục vụ Meaning: to provide food and drinks for a social event - priority [noun]: sự ưu tiên Meaning: something that you think is more important than other things and should be dealt with first - vacancy [noun]: chỗ trống Meaning: a job that is available for somebody to do

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Exercise 12: 1. Ardleigh 2. newspaper 3. theme

4. tent 5. castle 6. beach/beaches

Transcript A: Good morning. World Tours. My name is Jamie. How can I help you? B: Good morning. I want some information on self-drive tours in the USA. Could you send me a brochure? A: Of course. Could I have your name please? B: Andrea Brown. - Thank you. And your address? - 24, Ardleigh Road. - Can you spell that? - A-R-D-L-E-l-G-H Road. - Postcode? - BH520P - Thanks. And can I have your phone number? - Is a mobile alright? - Fine. - It's 07786643091. - Thank you. And can I ask you where you heard about World Tours? From a friend? Or did you see an advert somewhere? - No. I read about you in the newspaper - OK, I'll get the brochures in the post to you but can I give you some information over the phone. What kinds of things do you want to do on your holiday? - Im interested in going to California with my family. Ive got two children and we want to hire a car. - OK. We have a couple of self-drive tours there visiting different places of interest in California. The first one begins in Los Angeles and there's plenty of time to visit some of the theme parks there. - Thats something on my childrens list so I'd want to include that.

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- Good. Then you drive to San Francisco. From San Francisco you can drive to Yosemite Park where you spend a couple of nights. You can choose to stay in a lodge or on the campsite. - I don't like the idea of staying in a tent. It'd be too hot. - Right. And the tour ends in Las Vegas. - OK. - The other trip we can arrange is slightly different. It starts in San Francisco. Then you drive south to Cambria. - Someone told me theres a really nice castle near Cambria. Will we go near that? - Hearst Castle is on that road so you could stop there. - Good. I'd like to do that. Does this trip also go into the desert? - No, it continues to Santa Monica where most people like to stop and do some shopping. - We have enough of that at home so that doesnt interest us. - Well you could go straight on to San Diego. - That's good for beaches isnt it? - Thats right, that's a good place to relax and your children might like to visit the zoo before flying home. - I dont think so. We want some time for sunbathing and swimming.

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Vocabulary: - campsite [noun]: chỗ cắm trại Meaning: a place where people on holiday/vacation can put up their tents, park their caravan / camper, etc., often with toilets, water, etc. - castle [noun]: cung điện, lâu đài Meaning: a large strong building with thick high walls and towers, built in the past by kings or queens, or other important people, to defend themselves against attack

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Exercise 13: 1. Hardie 2. 19 3. GT82LC 4. hairdresser 5. dentist/dentists

6. lighting 7. trains 8. safe 9. shower 10. training

Transcript - Excuse me. - Yes? - I wonder if you could spare a few minutes to do a survey on transport. It won't take long. - No, thats fine. - Lovely. The survey is on behalf of the local council. Theyd like to know about what transport you use and any suggestions for improvement. Can I start by asking you how you travelled to town today? - Sure. I came on the bus. - Great. Now can I get a few details about yourself? - OK. - Whats your name? - Its Luisa .... - Yes. - Hardie - Can you spell that, please? - Yes, its H-A-R-D-l-E. - Great. Thanks. And can I have your address? - Its 19, White Stone Road. - Oh, right'. I know that area. Its Bradfield, isnt it? - Thats right. - Is the postcode GT7? - Its actually G-T-8. 2-L-C - Great. And could I ask what your job is? Are you a student? - Ive actually just finished my training. I'm a hairdresser.

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- Oh, right. And one more question in this section. What is the reason for you coming into town today? - Actually its not for shopping today, which would be my normal reason, but to see the dentist. - Right. Thanks. [Pause] - Now in this last section Id like you to give us some ideas about the facilities and arrangements in the city for getting to and from work, er, any suggestions you have for improvements. - Well, something Ive thought about for some time is that when I do walk and Im doing a later shift, I think the lighting should be better. - Yes, good point. - And of course, I think its a real shame theyve been cutting down on the number of footpaths. They should have more of those. Then people would walk more. - Yes, right. - And, I dont think there are enough trains. Thats why I dont use them - you have to wait so long. - Thanks. And finally Id like to ask your opinion on cycling. As you may know, theres a drive in the city to get more people to cycle to work. - Right. - But we realise that there are things which the council, but also employers, might do to help encourage workers to cycle to work. - Yep. Well, I have thought about it and where I work there are no safe places to leave your bikes. - OK. - And also, Id have to cycle uphill and on a hot day Id arrive at work pretty sweaty so I think Id need a shower somewhere at work. - Right. - And I suppose the last thing is that I wouldnt be all that confident about cycling on such busy roads. I think I'd like to see you offering training for that, you know, Id feel a lot better about starting if that was the case. - Well, thats very helpful. Thank you very much for your time. - No problem. Bye.

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Exercise 14: 1. 4 2. 46 Wombat 3. Thursday 4. 8.30 5. red

6. lunch 7. glasses 8. BALL 9. aunt 10. month

Transcript - Good morning. Welcome to the Early Learning Childcare Centre. How may I help you? - Hi. I spoke to you last week about enrolling my daughter for next year. - Oh, yes. Ill just get some details from you. So, you're her mother? - Thats right. - And, can I have your name? - Its Carol, Carol Smith. - And your daughters name? - It's Kate. - Now, we have several groups at the centre and we cater for children from three to five years old. How old is your daughter? - Shes three now but she turns four next month. - Ill put four down because that's how old she'll be when she starts. - Fine, shes so excited about her birthday and coming to the centre. - Thats good to hear. And what's your address? - Its 46 Wombat Road, that's W-O-M-B-A-T. Woodside 4032. - And whats the phone number? - Oh ... its ... 3345 9865. - So, have you decided on the days youd like to bring your daughter here? - Id prefer Monday and Wednesday if possible. - Mmm. I'll check, Mondays fine, but I think the centre is already full for Wednesday. Erm. Yes. Sorry. It seems to be a very popular day. We can offer you a Thursday or a Friday as well. - Oh dear. I suppose Thursday would be all right because she has swimming on Friday.

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- OK, got that. Because a lot of parents work, we do offer flexible start and finish times. We are open from 7:30 in the morning until 6 o'clock at night. - What time would you like your daughter to start? - I need to get to work in the city by 9:00 so I'll drop her off at 8:30 . - Youre pretty close to the city here so that should give me plenty of time to get there. - Thats fine. Now, we also need to decide which group she'll be in. We have two different groups and theyre divided up according to age. Theres the green group, which is for three to four-year-olds. And then theres the red group which is for fourto five-year-olds. - Shes quite mature for her age and she can already write her name and read a little. - Well, Ill put her in the red group and we can always change her to the green one if there are any problems. - That sounds fine. - Ok. Let's move on to meals. We can provide breakfast, lunch and dinner. - As shes finishing pretty early, she won't need dinner, will you give her breakfast before she comes? - Yes, she'll only need lunch. - Now, does she have any medical conditions we need to know about? Does she have asthma or any hearing problems for example? - No. But she does need to wear glasses. - Oh, I'll make a note of that. - Yes, she's pretty good about wearing them, she cant see much without them. - Right. OK. Now, I also need emergency contact details. - So what sort of information do you need? - Just the name and number of a friend or family member we can contact in case we cant get hold of you at any time. - Thatd better be my sister... Jenny Ball. Thats B-A-double L. Her phone number is 3346 7523. - Great. So she is the child's aunt? - Yes, thats right. - Ill make a note of that as well. Now, is there anything youd like to ask? What about payment? - How much are the fees each term?

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- Well, for two days and the hours youve chosen, that will be $450 altogether. - OK, and do I have to pay that now? - No, we send out invoices once the children start at the centre. You can choose to pay at the end of each term or we do offer a slightly discounted rate if you pay every month. - Oh. Ill do that then. I find it easier to budget that way and Im not used to the term dates just yet. - Good, it makes it a lot simpler for us as well. Well, thats everything. - Would you like me to show you around ...?

Q10

Vocabulary: - invoice [noun]: hóa đơn Meaning: an itemized bill for goods sold or services provided, containing individual prices, thetotal charge, and the terms.

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Exercise 15: 1. Pargetter 2. East 3. library

4. morning/mornings 5. postbox 6. prices

Transcript - Good morning. Is that Mr Thorndyke? - Speaking. How can I help? - Ive got quite a few things which need painting and fixing in the flat and I wonder whether you'd be able to do the work. - Im sure Id be able to help but let me take down a few details. - Yes, of course. - Well, firstly, how did you hear about us? - It was my friend Mav Hamoton ... you did some excellent work for her a couple of years ago. Do you remember? - Oh, yes, that was in West Park Flats, lovely lady. - Yes, she is. - And whats your name, please? - It's Edith Pargetter. - Edith ... can you spell your surname, please? - It's P-A-R-G-E-double T-E-R. - Double T, right. And do you live in West Park Flats as well? - No, actually its East Park, Flat 4. - Oh, right, thats over the road, I seem to remember - quite difficult to get to. - Yes, its at the back of the library. - Right, I know. And whats your phone number? - 875934 but Im out a great deal in the afternoons and evenings. - So would the best time to ring you be in the morning? - Yes. - Fine. I've made a note of that. Can I just ask, I'll be in a van and I know parkings rather difficult round your flats. Where would you recommend? - Well, I always tell people in larger vehicles to park by the postbox on the other side of the road from the entrance.

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- Good, thanks. - And will you be able to give me a full itemised quote? - Oh. yes. I'll list all the jobs separately with individual prices. - That'd be a great help. - No problem.

Q6

Vocabulary: - itemize [verb]: ghi thành từng khoản Meaning: to state by items; give the particulars of; list the individual units or parts of

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DẠNG 3:

MAP LABELING

Exercise 1: 1. D 2. E 3. K 4. C 5. B

Transcript OK, now, weve got some students here from Bardwell College who have joined us for todays events. Hello to you all, and welcome. Now, before our day begins, youll need to get a guest badge which youll have to wear while youre on the college premises. You can get these from the administration office. To get there from the main hall, leave the hall by the door opposite reception, turn left, and just follow the corridor to the end. The administration office is on your right. Dont go any further, or youll be in the sports hall. If you show your guest badge in the café, by the way, youll get a 20% discount on Drinks and sandwiches. To get there from the main hall, walk along the corridor between the main hall and reception and turn right. The café is through the first door on your left. Directly opposite the café, on the same corridor, is this student common room, where you can go to relax and perhaps meet some of our own students . If you have any valuables that you dont want to carry around with you. I suggest you put these in a locker. These are next to the sports hall, opposite the administration office. You can get a key for a locker when you get your guest badge from the administration office. And if you want to use our library, leave the main hall by the door opposite the one you came in thats the door by the bicycle parking area and walk to the end of the corridor. The library is through the door straight ahead of you.

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Vocabulary: - badge [noun]: huy hiệu Meaning: a small piece of metal or plastic, with a design or words on it, that a person wears to show that they belong to an organization - administration [noun]: hành chính Meaning: the activities that are done in order to plan, organize and run a business, school or other institution - valuable [noun]: vật có giá trị Meaning: things that are worth a lot of money, especially small personal things such as jewellery, cameras, etc. - locker [noun]: tủ có khóa Meaning: a small cupboard that can be locked, where you can leave your clothes, bags, etc. while you play a sport or go somewhere - corridor [noun] hành lang Meaning: a long narrow passage in a building, with doors that open into rooms on either side

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Exercise 2: 6. C 7. B

8. H 9. E 10. A

Transcript Debbie: Now, as you're all new, I'm just going to show you a map of the hospital and point out a few key places. Let's start with the recreation centre. At the moment, we're in the main building, that's here and if you go out of the main entrance and just along the main road to the east you'll find the staff recreation centre. It's this T-shaped building and there's a range of things that you can do here to help you relax. If you get ill, we do have a health centre for all registered employees. And this is directly behind the main hospital building, So, if you go out of the back exit, it's just in front of you. And there's a small pharmacy next to it I'm based here and I have a few leaflets on things if you want to come and see me. Many of you will be doing shift work, so you might like to go to the 24-hour swimming pool and sauna. They're very close by, and it doesn't cost much money to get in . If you walk out of the front of the main building, there's a road straight ahead of you, go down that and turn left into Tye Road - you'll see the pool entrance at the end of that road, just beyond the line of trees. We've talked about eating healthily, and there's a very useful store nearby that sells a large range of organic products and health-food supplements. This is also in front of the main building, but this time you need to go beyond the turning for Tye Road and you'll see it on the right-hand corner, directly opposite another building. Finally, if you want a healthy meal and you have very little time to get it, of course there's always the canteen inside the main building. But I would recommend a place called Jenny's Restaurant. Leave the front of the main building and head for the roundabout. When you're there, take the second turning on the left . . it's just along that road before the trees. You can get a number of excellent dishes here at a reasonable price. Well. I think that's all that's.

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Vocabulary: - recreation centre [noun]: trung tâm giải trí Meaning: a place gathering many entertaining activities - register [verb]: đăng ký Meaning: to record your/somebodys/somethings name on an official list - pharmacy [noun]: dược Meaning: a shop/store, or part of one, that sells medicines and drugs - leaflet [noun]: tờ rơi quảng cáo Meaning: a printed sheet of paper or a few printed pages that are given free to advertise or give information about something

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Exercise 3: 15. G 16. I 17. B

18. E 19. C 20. A

Transcript OK, group B, your turn. Does everyone have a copy of the plan? Great. OK, well all be meeting in the car park thats on the bottom of the plan, see? Now, if youve been assigned to the vegetable beds, to get there, you go out of the car park and go up the footpath until you reach the circle of trees there they are in the middle of the plan, and you see that the footpath goes all the way around them. Well, on the left-hand side of that circular footpath, theres a short track which takes you directly to the vegetable beds. You can see a bamboo fence marked just above them. All right? OK, if youre helping out with the bee hives, pay attention. Look again at the circle of trees in the middle of the pan, and the footpath that goes around them. On the right side of that circle you can see that the footpath goes off in an easterly direction heading towards the right hand side of the plan. And then, the path splits into two and you can either go up and down. You want the path that heads down and at the end of this, you see two areas divided by a bamboo fence and as were looking at the plan, the bee hives are on the right of the fence the smaller section, I mean. Now dont worry all the bees have been removed! You just need to transport the hives back to the car park. OK, for the seating, look at the circular footpath, at the top of it, theres a path that goes from there and takes you up to the seating area, alongside the bicycle track and with a good view of the island, I suppose. OK, if youre volunteering for the adventure playground area, lets start from the car park again and go up the footpath, but then you want the first left turn. Go up there and then you see theres a short path that goes off to the right go down there and thats the adventure playground area. above the bamboo fence. That fence does need repairing. Im afraid. Right, what else? Oh yes, the sand area. Weve got that circular footpath in the middle find the track that goes east, towards the right-hand side of the plan, and where that track divides, you need the little path that goes up towards the bicycle track. The sand area is just above the bamboo fence there. And finally, the pond area. So its on the left-hand side of your plan towards the top just above the fruit bushes and to the left of the little path. OK, as I said already, hopefully well

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Vocabulary: - assign [verb]: phân công, chỉ định Meaning: to give somebody something that they can use, or some work or responsibility - track [noun]: con đường Meaning: a rough path or road, usually one that has not been built but that has been made by people walking there - fence [noun]: bờ rào Meaning: a structure made of wood or wire supported with posts that is put between two areas of land as a boundary, or around a garden/yard, field, etc. to keep animals in, or to keep people and animals out - footpath [noun]: đường mòn Meaning: a path that is made for people to walk along, especially in the country - circular [adj]: hình tròn Meaning: shaped like a circle; round - adventure [noun]: chuyến thám hiểm Meaning: an unusual, exciting or dangerous experience, journey or series of events - bush [noun]: bụi rậm Meaning: a plant that grows thickly with several hard stems coming up from the root

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Exercise 4: 11. G 12. D

13. A 14. E 15. C

Transcript Welcome to everyone here. I hope you enjoy your stay in our village and enjoy the local scenery. Ill tell you a bit about the forest and mountain tracks in a minute, but first, Ill just give you an idea of where everything is in the village. So were here in the tourist information centre, and when you come out of the centre, youre on Willow Lane, just opposite the pond. If you want to get to the supermarket for you supplies of food and water, go right, thats the quickest way, and then turn right at the top of Willow Lane, and its the second building you come to, opposite the old railway station. If youre planning on doing some serious climbing and you need some equipment, we do have an excellent climbing and you need some equipment, we do have an excellent climbing supplies store just five minutes walk away. Turn left once youre outside the tourist information centre, take Willow Lane all the way up to Pine Street - you want to fo left along here - then keep walking and go past Mountain Road on your right, until you come to the next turning on the left - head down there, and youll come to the climbing supplies store. If you get to the small building that sells ski passes, youll know youve gone too far. You also need to head to Pine Street for the museum - its small but well worth a visit if youre interested in the history of the village and the old gold mining industry. So, when you reach Pine Street from here, youll see the Town Hall, go down the little road that you come to just before it, and youll find the bike hire shop just behind the hall. They have a good range of bikes so Im sure youll find something that suits your need. Last but not least, if youre hungry after a long days trek I can recommend our local cafe. Again, when you leave the tourist information centre, turn right and follow Willow Lane until it joins Pine Street - and right opposite - on the far side of the railway tracks - is the cafe.

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Vocabulary: - scenery [noun]: cảnh đẹp, phong cảnh Meaning: the natural features of an area, such as mountains, valleys, rivers and forests, when you are thinking about them being attractive to look at - head down [verb]: đi xuống Meaning: to move down - mining [noun]: sự đào mỏ Meaning: the process of getting coal and other minerals from under the ground; the industry involved in this - trek [noun]: đi bộ [đặc biệt trên núi] Meaning: a long, hard walk lasting several days or weeks, especially in the mountains

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Exercise 5: 17. E 18. C 19. F 20. A

Transcript Now let me just tell you a bit about what you can see in the Sculpture Park. If you look at your map, youll see the Visitor Centre, where we are now, at the bottom, just by the entrance. Since we only have an hour, you might not be able to get right around the park, but you can choose to visit some of the highlights. You might like to take a look at the Joe Tremain sculptures which are displayed on this side of the Upper Lake, just behind the Education Centre and near the bridge. Theyre really impressive, but please remember not to let your children climb on them. One of our most popular exhibitions is the Giorgio Catalucci bird sculptures - theyre just across the bridge on the north side of Lower Lake. I love the way theyre scattered around in the long grass beside the lake, looking as if theyre just about to take to their wings. You could also go to the Garden Gallery. Its on this side of the Upper Lake from the Visitor Centre you go to the Education Centre, then keep on along the path, and youll see it on your right. Theres an exhibition of animal carvings there which is well worth a look. We also have the Long House - thats quite a walk. From here you go to the bridge and then turn left on the other side. Soon youll see a winding pathway going up towards the northern boundary of the park - go up there and youll find it at the top. They have some abstract metal sculptures that are well worth seeing if you have time. OK well now if youre...

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Vocabulary: - sculpture [noun]: tượng điêu khắc Meaning: a work of art that is a solid figure or object made by carving or shaping wood, stone, clay, metal, etc. - entrance [noun]: Lối vào Meaning: a door, gate, passage, etc. used for entering a room, building or place - highlight [noun]: điểm nhấn Meaning: the best, most interesting or most exciting part of something - display [verb]: trưng bày Meaning: to put something in a place where people can see it easily; to show something to people - exhibition [noun]: cuộc triển lãm Meaning: a collection of things, for example works of art, that are shown to the public - scattered [adjective]: rải rác, thưa thớt Meaning: spread far apart over a wide area or over a long period of time - carving [noun]: chạm khắc Meaning: an object or a pattern made by cutting away material from wood or stone - boundary [noun]: biên giới, ranh giới Meaning: a real or imagined line that marks the limits or edges of something and separates it from other things or places; a dividing line - abstract [adj]: trừu tượng Meaning: based on general ideas and not on any particular real person, thing or situation

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Exercise 6: 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. H 15. G

Transcript Hello. As some of you know, Im Elaine Marriott, the head of the colleges Learning Resource Centre. Weve invited all of you taking evening classes and leisure activities to come and see the changes weve made to the Centre in the last month. One major change weve made here on the ground floor is to the layout as you can see from looking around you. Im sure youll recognize the desk thats still in the same places, as it has to be just inside the door. But youll see that there are now periodicals on the shelves in the corner behind the desk. Weve brought them nearer the entrance because so many people like to come in just to read magazines. We now stock a far wider range of periodicals than we used to, so weve decided to separate them from newspapers. This means the newspapers are now just the other side of the stairs, near the study area. Now, another thing is that weve brought the computers downstairs people used to complain about having to go upstairs to use them. So theyre now at the far side of the building on the right, in the corner overlooking the car park. Weve now got an extra photocopier, so as well as the one upstairs, theres one down here. You can see it right opposite the entrance, by the wall on the far side. The biggest change, though, and one Im sure many of you will welcome, is that we now have a café at last weve been asking for one for years. If you turn right as soon as you get past the desk, youll see the door ahead of you. It became possible to have a café because the building has been extended, and weve now got a new office and storeroom area. What else should I tell you about before we walk round? Oh yes, weve had so many requests for books on sport that weve bought a lot more, and theyre all together immediately to the right of the entrance.

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Q14

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Vocabulary: - layout [noun]: sơ đồ bố trí Meaning: the way in which the parts of something such as the page of a book, a garden or a building are arranged - periodical [noun]: ấn phẩm định kỳ Meaning: a magazine that is published every week, month, etc., especially one that is concerned with an academic subject - stock [verb]: lưu trữ Meaning: to supply - downstairs [adj]: xuống tầng Meaning: that is on a floor of a house or building lower than the one you are on, especially the one at ground level - immediately [adv]: ngay Meaning: without delay

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Exercise 7: 1. Cabins 2. Tents 3. Cooking area

Transcript Camp manager: The Health and Action Summer Camp in the country of Cork in southern Ireland is ideal for young people who would like to learn new sports and activities. It has a beautiful location near a river and occupies five acres. The camp has two types of accommodation: tents and cabins, both of which are modern and comfortable. The cabins are by the river and the tents are on higher Q1 ground, away from the river and next to the wash rooms. There are two Q2 washroom blocks, fully equipped with showers as well as toilets. We also have facilities for cooking here. We provide all the pots, pans and utensils. All cooking is done in the cooking area, which is situated in the centre Q3 of the camp. This gives the camp a real social focal point.

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Vocabulary: - southern [adj]: phía nam Meaning: located in the south or facing south; connected with or typical of the south part of the world or a region - occupy [verb]: chiếm diện tích / thời gian Meaning: to fill or use a space, an area or an amount of time - tent [noun]: lều Meaning: a shelter made of a large sheet of canvas, nylon, etc. that is supported by poles and ropes fixed to the ground, and is used especially for camping - washroom [noun]: phòng tắm / phòng vệ sinh Meaning: a toilet/bathroom, especially one that is in a public building - pot [noun]: cái nồi Meaning: a deep round container used for cooking things in - pan [noun]: cái chảo Meaning: a container, usually made of metal, with a handle or handles, used for cooking food in - utensil [noun]: dụng cụ nhà bếp Meaning: a tool that is used in the house - focal [adj]: trung tâm Meaning: central; very important; connected with or providing a focus

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Exercise 8: 5. dance studios 6. changing rooms 7. tennis courts

Transcript Now some of you wont have been to Park Hill Leisure Centre before, so let me just tell you a little about the layout. As you can see, the reception area here is very spacious, and there is plenty of room to meet your friends and have a drink. We also have brand-new dance studios with floor-to-ceiling mirrors and the latest audio equipment. The dance studios are to the left of the reception area, behind the swimming pool. No.sorry I meant opposite the swimming pool. Both the roller skating and skateboarding classes will be held in the Skate Arena. This has also been refurbished and we have a new five-metre ramp in there which is proving to be popular. The arena is behind the changing rooms, which you can see behind us, between the gym and tennis courts. The tennis courts are on the right of the arena. Youll see both of these new spaces on the tour later.

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Vocabulary: - spacious [adj]: rộng rãi Meaning: [of a room or building] large and with plenty of space for people to move around in - floor - to - ceiling [noun]: từ sàn đến trần - refurbish [verb]: làm mới Meaning: to clean and decorate a room, building, etc. in order to make it more attractive, more useful, etc - ramp [noun]: dốc Meaning: a slope that joins two parts of a road, path, building, etc. when one is higher than the other - tennis court [noun]: sân tennis Meaning: a place where games such as tennis are played - arena [noun]: đấu trường Meaning: a place with a flat open area in the middle and seats around it where people can watch sports and entertainment

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Exercise 9: 15. car park 16. rose garden 17. cafe

Transcript Well, here we are at the top of The Tower, and were going to look at the view from each direction. Out to the east, the large buildings about a kilometre away are on the Olympic site. Theres an indoor arena for gymnastics, a stadium for track and field and a swimming pool for races and synchronised swimming and also diving. If you look carefully down there, you can see the train lines. The Olympic site has its own station to encourage the use of public transport. There is also a car park, but it only holds a limited number of cars. The formal park has some specially-created water features. If you look out here to the south, you can see a circular ornamental pond. And around to the west, you can relax and sit on a bench to smell the flowers in the rose garden, and finally up to the north, if you look in front of you now, theres a lake with a small island in the centre, you can hire rowing boats at the boat shed, which you cant see from here, but if you look through the trees, you can see the cafe, which has lovely views across the water. OK, lets climb down now. We will go down and have a look at the nature reserve section of the park, which has opened up natural wetland to the public.

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Q16

Q17

302

Vocabulary: - synchronised [adjective]: được đồng bộ hóa Meaning: to be happened at the same time or to be moved at the same speed as something. - ornamental [adjective]: có tính trang trí Meaning: used as decoration rather than for a practical purpose - rowing [adj]: chèo thuyền Meaning: the sport or activity of travelling in a boat using oars - reserve [verb] dự trữ Meaning: to keep something for somebody/something, so that it cannot be used by any other person or for any other reason

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Exercise 10: 12. Forest 13. Fish Farms 14. Market Garden

Transcript

Lets start by seeing what there is to do. As you can see here on our giant wall plan, we are now situated in the Reception block O.. here. As you walk out of the main door into the park there is a path you can follow. If you follow this route you will immediately come into the Rare Breeds section, where we keep a wide variety of animals which I shall be telling you a little more about later. Next to this.., moving east.., is the large grazing area for the rare breeds. Then further east.., in the largest section of our Park is the Forest Area. South of the grazing area and in fact just next to the Reception block is our Experimental Crop Area. In the middle of the Park this circular area is our lake These two small rectangular shapes here.., are the Fish Farms where we rear fish for sale. To the east of those is the marsh area which attracts a great many migrant birds. In the south-eastern corner, beyond the marsh, is our Market Garden area, growing vegetables and flowers

Q12

Q13 Q14

Vocabulary: - breed [noun]: giống, loài Meaning: [of animals] to have sex and produce young - rectangular [adj]: hình tam chữ nhật Meaning: shaped like a rectangle [= a flat shape with four straight sides, two of which are longer than the other two, and four angles of 90°] - marsh [noun]: đầm lầy Meaning: an area of low land that is always soft and wet because there is nowhere for the water to flow away to - migrant [noun]: di cư Meaning: a person who moves from one place to another, especially in order to find work

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Exercise 11: 14. C 15. D 16. G 17. B

18. F 19. A 20. E

Transcript Now, weve also put together a map which weve sent out to all the residents in the area. And on the map weve marked the proposed changes. Firstly, well plant mature pine trees to provide shelter and shade just to the right of the supermarket in Days Road. In order to address the traffic problems, the pavements on the corner of Carberry and Thomas Street be widened. This will help to reduce the speed of vehicles entering Tombs Street. We think its very important to separate the local residential streets form the main road. So the roadway at the entry of Thomas Street from Days Road will be painted red. This should mark it more clearly and act as a signal for traffic to slow down. One way of making sure that the pedestrians are safe is to increase signage at the intersections. A keep clear sign will be erected at the junction of Evelyn Street and Hill Street, to enable traffic to exit at all times. Something were planning to do to help control the flow of traffic in the area is to install traffic lights half way down Hill Street where it crosses Days Road. Now, we havent only thought about the cars and traffic, of course, theres also something for the children. Were going to get school children in the area to research a local story, the life of a local sports hero perhaps, and an artist will incorporate that story into paintings on the wall of a building on the other side of Hill Street from the supermarket. And finally, weve agreed to build a new childrens playground which will be at the other end of Hill Street close to the intersection with Carberry Street. SAROL: Wonderful, now, whats the next stage? GRAHAM: Well, the final plan

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Q16

Q17

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Vocabulary: - mature [adj]: trưởng thành Meaning: [of a child or young person] behaving in a sensible way, like an adult - shelter [noun]: nơi trú ngụ Meaning: the fact of having a place to live or stay, considered as a basic human need - address [verb]: giải quyết Meaning: [formal] to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it - pavement [noun]: vỉa hè Meaning: a flat part at the side of a road for people to walk on - pedestrian [noun]: người đi bộ Meaning: a person walking in the street and not travelling in a vehicle - incorporate [verb]: sáp nhập Meaning: to include something so that it forms a part of something - intersection [noun]: ngã tư Meaning: a place where two or more roads, lines, etc. meet or cross each other

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Exercise 12: 17. A 18. I 19. F 20. E

Transcript And finally Id like to tell you about our new wildlife area, Hinchingbrooke Park, which will be opened to the public next month. This slide doesnt really indicate how big it is, but anyway, you can see the two gates into the park, and the main paths. As you can see, theres a lake in the north west of the park, with a bird hide to the west of it, at the end of a path. So itll be a nice quiet place for watching the birds on the lake. Fairly close to where refreshments are available, theres a dog-walking area in the southern part of the park, leading off from the path. And if you just want to sit and relax, you can go to the flower garden; thats the circular area on the map surrounded by paths. And finally, theres a wooded area in the western section of the park, between two paths. Okay, thats enough from me, so lets go on to

Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20

Vocabulary: - wildlife [noun]: động vật hoang dã Meaning: animals, birds, insects, etc. that are wild and live in a natural environment - indicate [verb]: chỉ ra Meaning: to show that something is true or exists - refreshment [noun]: sự thư giãn Meaning: [formal] the fact of making somebody feel stronger or less tired or hot

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DẠNG 4:

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION

Exercise 1: 1. dance, kickboxing 2. too hard 3. [a] conference

Transcript Debbie: Penny: Debbie: Penny: Debbie:

Penny: Debbie: Penny: Debbie: Penny: Friday. Debbie:

Hi, Penny. How are you doing? Have you just been to the gym? Hi, Debbie. Im good, thanks. Yes, Ive just finished a workout. How are you? Yes, good. Im planning on going to the gym later but its hard finding the time now Ive got a child! I bet it is! Have you tried any of their new exercise classes? Yes, I tried some last well. I wanted to go yoga, but it was full up. I Q1 went to the dance class instead. It was really fun. Oh! Ah kickboxing last Thursday too. That was exhausting. Well, you didnt miss much at yoga. I went there last Friday and it Q2 was far too hard. I couldnt do most of the exercises! Oh no! Are you going to try anything else? Well, I was thinking of trying the aerobics class. My friend did that one, and said the instructor was awful. Q3 Well, Ill probably give it a miss then. Ive got to go to a conference next week anyway, so Ill be away from Tuesday to Oh, lucky you!

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Vocabulary: - workout [noun]: tập thể thao Meaning:a period of physical exercise that you do to keep fit - kickboxing [noun] : môn võ kết hợp quyền Anh và ca-ra-tê quyền cước Meaning: a form of boxing in which the people fighting each other can kick as well as punch [= hit with their hands] - exhaust [verb]: kiệt sức Meaning: to make somebody feel very tired - conference [noun]: Hội nghị Meaning: a large official meeting, usually lasting for a few days, at which people with the same work or interests come together to discuss their views

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Exercise 2: 8. Saturday, Sunday 9. television 10. optimum fitness

Transcript Brad:

Great. Well, I am glad I can use the pool. It will be good to vary my exercise. Receptionist: Definitely. When do you think youll be coming? Brad: Most likely in the evenings. Id like to come on Saturdays, but I Q8 often work then, so I think Ill have to miss that day and then come on Sundays. Receptionist: Oh, so youll be a regular visitor? Thats great news! Can I ask why you chose Smiths Gym? Brad: Well, actually the television advert prompted me to join. It Q9 makes exercising look so much fun! I always thought going to the gym would be monotonous. Receptionist: No, not at all. It can be a lot of fun. Brad: My aim is to reach my optimum fitness. At the moment I think Q10 Im a bit unhealthy, so Id like to change that. Receptionist: Well, give it some time and Im sure you will. Now, shall we go back and complete the payment details?

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Vocabulary: - advert ~ advertisement: quảng cáo Meaning:a notice, picture or film telling people about a product, job or service - prompt [verb]: thúc giục; thúc đẩy Meaning: to make somebody decide to do something; to cause something to happen - monotonous [adjective]: Đều đều, đơn điệu; buồn tẻ Meaning: never changing and therefore boring - optimum [adjective]: Điều kiện tốt nhất, điều kiện thuận lợi nhất Meaning: the best possible; producing the best possible results

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Exercise 3: 7. seafood 8. tennis 9. train 10. [this] afternoon

Transcript OFFICER: STUDENT: OFFICER: STUDENT: OFFICER: STUDENT: OFFICER: STUDENT: OFFICER: STUDENT: OFFICER:

STUDENT: OFFICER: STUDENT:

All right, now what about you? Are you a vegetarian or do you have any special food requirements? No, I am not a vegetarian but I dont eat a lot of meat I really like seafood. And what are your hobbies? I like reading and going to the movies. Do you play any sports? Yes, I joined the handball team, but I didnt like that...so I stopped playing. Now I play tennis on the weekend with my friends All right, lets see, name, age, now the location. Are you familiar with the public transport system? No...Im not really because I have been living on campus...Ive been to the city a few times on the bus, but they are always late What about the trains? I like catching the train ...they are much faster Now, let me go check on the computer and see who Ive got Listen, leave it with me Ill check my records and Ill give you details this afternoon. Thank you for helping me Its a pleasure. Bye. Bye.

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Vocabulary: - vegetarian [adjective]: Người ăn chay Meaning: eating no meat or fish - handball [noun]: môn bóng ném Meaning: a team game for two teams of seven players, usually played indoors, in which players try to score goals by throwing a ball with their hand - campus [noun]: khu đại học Meaning: the buildings of a university or college and the land around them

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Exercise 4: 6. jogging 7. bad ankle

8. fitness level 9. charity worker 10. radio

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Transcript A: So - Id like to ask you a few questions about your lifestyle if thats OK with you? B: Yes, thats fine. A: Um, do you do any regular exercise at the moment? B: Yes, I do a bit A: Good - and what do you do? B: Well, every few days, I go jogging A: Yes - Thats good. How long do you go for? B: Well, it vary. I guess it depends on how energetic I feeling. A: Yes, of course. Every little bit helps. Umm do you have any injuries at the moment? B: Well, I did break a bone in my foot playing football a long time ago but thats all healed up now. But in the last few days, Ive realised I have a bad ankle. I think I must have injured it last week and its a bit sore now. Bit apart from that Im fine. A: Right - I guess you might need to rest it for a few day to let it recover. B: Yes I will A: So - Let me just ask you what you want to achieve by joining the club. Do you have any targets or goals? B: Well I suppose my main aim is to build up my fitness level. Is that the kind of thing you mean? A: Yes - that fine.All the activities youre going to be doing should certainly help you with that. B: OK A: And could you tell me what you do for a living? B: Well - I was a student up until recently. A: OK - so what are you doing at the moment? B: Well - Im a charity worker. A: Oh thats fine. Ill write that down. OK - nearly done. One last question - can I ask how you heard about the club? Did you see it advertised or did you go to our website for example? B: Well Ive been looking for a health club for a while and O asked my friends for suggestions but they werent much help. And then I was listening to the radio and your club was mentioned, so I thought - Ill go along and see what its like. A: Great - Well, we look forward to having you as a member.

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Q9

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Vocabulary: - jog [verb]: đi bộ Meaning: to run slowly and steadily for a long time, especially for exercise - energetic [adjective]: Mạnh mẽ, mãnh liệt, đầy nghị lực Meaning: having or needing a lot of energy and enthusiasm - injury [noun]: Sự làm hại, sự làm tổn hại, sự làm hỏng Meaning: harm done to a persons or an animals body, for example in an accident - heal [verb]: chữa khỏi Meaning: to become healthy again; to make something healthy again - ankle [noun]: Mắt cá chân Meaning: the joint connecting the foot to the leg - sore [adjective]: Đau, nhức nhối Meaning: if a part of your body is sore, it is painful, and often red, especially because of infection or because a muscle has been used too much

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Exercise 5: 11. World of Water 12. splash ride 13. [at] noon 14. feed the sharks

15. birthday party 16. government 17. quiz

Transcript OK - so hi everybody and welcome to the Sea Life Center. Before you start on your tour Id just like to give you some information about things to look out for as you go. Well first of all, I guess some of you may have been here before and may be surprised to see the name has changed. We are not called World of Water [Q11] any more - since the beginning of this summer weve been rename and weve also made a few other changes. However, the main attractions like the aquarium, the crocodiles, the penguins and so on are still here. But we have a new restaurant and picnic area and the latest thing that we have - and it was only finished last week - is the splash ride [Q12]. This is an exciting new area of the centre and is pretty scary and of course you do get a bit wet so make sure youre not wearing your best clothes! As I said, the main attractions are still here and the most popular thing that everyone want to see is feeding time, especially for the crocodiles and the seals. We used to have the main feeding time in the afternoon at around 3 pm but we found that some of the animals got a bit hungry waiting until then and so we now have it at noon [Q13]. They seem much happier with the new time - although its a bit difficult to know what theyre thinking! Now - Id like to mention something new that weve introduced this year that were very excited about. Its called a VIP ticket. The VIP ticket costs an extra £2 per person and you will be amazed at what it allows you to do. With this youll be allowed to feed the sharks [Q14]. Now I know that for some people this might be quite a frightening thing to do, but it is perfectly sale. For those of you who are a bit unsure, we do have a video you can watch to see what happens. Its a great experience and your friends will be very impressed! Speaking of friends, Id just like to remind you that the Sea Life Center will be more than happy to organise a birthday party [Q15] for you and your family and friends. If you need more details you can speak to me afterwards and there are also forms at the entrance that you can fill in.

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Id also like to bring your attention to the good work that the Sea Life Center is doing in support of animals conservation I am sure youre all aware of the worrying situation with a large number of species facing extinction. Here at the Sea Life Center were taking action by asking as many people as possible to sign a petition. Once we have over 5,000 signatures we are planning to send it to the government [Q16] in the hope that more people will begin to take it seriously. Right - Well theres obviously a lot going on at the Center, and a lot of things to discover. At all the attractions there is helpful information so please read as much as you can and if you want to see what youve remembered, please do the quiz [Q17] after your visit. There are no prizes of course,but Im sure youll be surprised by how much youve learnt. Vocabulary: - scary [adjective]: Làm sợ hãi, làm kinh hoàng; rùng rợn Meaning: frightening - extinction [noun]: Sự dập tắt; sự làm tan vỡ; sự làm mất đi Meaning: a situation in which a plant, an animal, a way of life, etc. stops existing - petition [noun]: Sự cầu xin, sự thỉnh cầu; lời cầu nguyện Meaning: a written document signed by a large number of people that asks somebody in a position of authority to do or change something

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Exercise 6: 11. midday 12. shopping district 13. Military Museum

Transcript Track 35 Tour guide: Welcome to San Fernando City Tours, Im Mark, your tour guide. We have a lot to see in three hours, so make sure youre comfortable! Well be travelling into the historical district first, and then into the town center. After that, its out to the harbour, and well finish up at the lighthouse, just past the harbour. That will take us up to midday, and after that, youre free to do what Q11 you want. At the lighthouse youll have a chance to visit the tea room and take photographs of the magnificent coastline. Now, as we have only three Q12 hours, we wont be able to take you round the shopping district, but we think youd prefer to look around the shops there in your own time, anyway. San Fernando has some well-known tourist attractions - the lighthouse for example, and the National Library. However, the little-known Military Museum Q13 is not to be missed. Be sure to visit before you leave!

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Vocabulary: - harbour [noun]: Bến tàu, cảng Meaning: an area of water on the coast, protected from the open sea by strong walls, where ships can shelter - lighthouse [noun]: Đèn biển, hải đăng Meaning: a tower or other building that contains a strong light to warn and guide ships near the coast - magnificent [adjective]: Hoa lệ; tráng lệ; nguy nga; lộng lẫy Meaning: extremely attractive and impressive; deserving praise - coastline [noun]: Bờ biển; hình dáng bờ biển Meaning: the land along a coast, especially when you are thinking of its shape or appearance

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Exercise 7: 35. individuals 36. globalisation 37. [over seventy] laboratories

Transcript In the eleventh century, the Chinese invented the first mechanical clocks. They were large and expensive, and certainly not intended for individuals.However, this is the type of clock we are familiar with today. There have been many developments in clocks and watches since then, and they have been greatly improved, but if you clock or watch makes a ticking sound, then it could well be based on the mechanical movements the Chinese developed a thousand years ago! However, timekeeping has moved on from the mechanical clock. Time has become so important that there is a series of atomic clocks around the world which measure International Atomic Time. Even though many countries have their own calendars, globalisation has made it essential that we measure time uniformly, so that we know, for example, that when its 6 am in the United Kingdom, its 2 pm in Beijing. This standard was set in 1958. Now these atomic clocks are situated in over seventy laboratories all over the world.

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Q36

Q37

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Vocabulary: - mechanical [adjective]: [thuộc] máy móc; [thuộc] cơ khí; [thuộc] cơ học Meaning: operated by power from an engine - movement [noun]: Sự chuyển động, sự vận động, sự cử động, sự hoạt động Meaning: an act of moving the body or part of the body - timekeeping [noun]: Sự bấm giờ, sự định thời gian, sự chấm công Meaning: a persons ability to arrive in time for things, especially work - atomic [adjective]: [thuộc] nguyên tử Meaning: connected with atoms or an atom - globalisation [noun]: Sự toàn cầu hóa Meaning: the fact that different cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar to each other because of the influence of large multinational companies and of improved communication - laboratory [noun]: Phòng thí nghiệm; phòng pha chế Meaning: a room or building used for scientific research, experiments, testing, etc.

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Exercise 8: 37. ships 38. horses 39. industry 40. tourism

Transcript Well, as I said before, you can find rock art all over the word, but Id like to focus now on the rock art of the Aboriginal people of Australia. The images that survive in this part of the world span at least 20,000 years. In fact, the Aborigines were still practising this art form in the late 18 century, when the Europeans began to arrive, and certain images point to the contact between them. For example, the Aborigines began to draw ships which they would have seen along the coast - its hard for us to imagine what they must have thought when these first began to appear. Another image that is evidence of European arrival is that of horses, an animal that would have been very alien to the Australian landscape. Um, it isnt actually known how many sites there are across Australia where rock art can be found - but unfortunately we do know that much of the art is being lost to us. Erosion, of course, is one of the key reasons for its destruction, but human activity is also increasingly responsible. Since the 1960s, industry alone has destroyed around an estimated 10,000 pieces of art. At this rate, in 50 years, half of all Australian rock art could have disappeared for good. Vandalism is sadly another factor. And although most people, I believe, would wish to preserve this art , Im afraid that tourism is another reason why the art is disappearing. In some cases, the art is damaged when...

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Q39

Q40

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Vocabulary: - survive [verb]: to continue to live or exist - Tiếp tục sống, tiếp tục tồn tại; sống sót; còn lại Meaning: to continue to live or exist - span [noun]: Khoảng thời gian qua đó cái gì kéo dài hoặc mở rộng từ lúc bắt đầu đến lúc kết thúc Meaning: the length of time that something lasts or is able to continue - coast [noun]:Bờ biển Meaning: the land beside or near to the sea or ocean - evidence [noun]: chứng, chứng cớ, bằng chứng Meaning: the facts, signs or objects that make you believe that something is true - preserve [verb]: Bảo quản, giữ gìn Meaning: to keep a particular quality, feature, etc.; to make sure that something is kept - damage [verb]:Làm hư hại, làm hỏng, gây thiệt hại, gây tổn hại Meaning: to harm or spoil something/somebody

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Exercise 9: 26. introduction 27. council 28. data

29. first draft 30. tutor

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Transcript Alan: Melanie: Alan: Melanie:

Alan: Melanie:

Alan: Melanie:

Alan: Melanie:

Alan: Melanie:

Alan:

Melanie:

So I think going through the processes helped. Now we need to decide how weve going to do this assignment. Yes, I guess what we need to do is take the processes and divide them up between us. But we could start thinking about an introduction. Yes, OK...well I can start doing that. I think I have enough to go on already. Good. And there are a few areas where we need a lot more information. I think Ill start with something easy - lets say the paper collection. I could go to the resource centre to do some research. Well I think a better idea would be to approach someone whos involved in the process. What about contacting the council? Oh - good idea. Yes - Ill do that instead. Theyre bound to have some information. And I know just the thing to add to our work to make it even more interesting. And whats that? Well - in my last assignment. I added a few pictures and the feedback I got was that this wasnt academic enough. So what might really bring it to life would be to include some data - provided we can find some. Yes - that sounds excellent. Well - we certainly have a lot to do and not much time to do it in. Youre right. I think we have about five weeks so I suggest we create a plan of work to day. The end of the month is nearly three weeks away and then we have a few days holiday. Yes - so lets see if we can get the first draft done by then so we can take a short break. OK - then after the break well have just over a week to complete it. I wonder if we could get someone to review our work for us a few days before the deadline so we can make some final changes. What about your friend Henry? Well - the best person would be our tutor. Henrys very good but hes taking a whole weeks holiday and there wont be enough time when he returns. OK, then. Thats fine.

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Q27

Q28

Q29

Q30

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Vocabulary: - process [noun]: Quá trình, sự tiến triển Meaning: a series of things that are done in order to achieve a particular result - research [noun]:Sự nghiên cứu Meaning: a careful study of a subject, especially in order to discover new facts or information about it - council [noun]:Hội đồng Meaning: a group of people who are elected to govern an area such as a city or county - assignment [noun]: Sự giao việc, sự phân công Meaning: a task or piece of work that somebody is given to do, usually as part of their job or studies

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Exercise 10: 1. 5% - five percent 2. last few decades 3. student debt 4. first-time buyers

Transcript

Lecturer: As we have seen, changes in the structure of the family are constantly occurring: extended to nuclear, patrifocal to a more equal footing between the sexes, and dual parenting to single parenting. However, a recent phenomenon in the UK which is changing the traditional family is the increasing number of adults who continue to live with their parents until their thirties or sometimes even their forties. The UL has traditionally been a society where offspring leave the family home in their late teens or early twenties to set up their own home and families. But in the last twenty-five years this has decreased. Official statistics released by the Office of National Statistics show that today ten percent of men in their early thirties still live with their parents; this compares with five percent of women in this age range. [Q1] The reasons for this are complex and varied. IT cannot be denied that some people are choosing to stay at home. Living with parents can be an easy option; food is provided, heating and electricity are paid for, and rent, if any, is minimal. However, a third of those surveyed claimed they are living with their parents because it is too difficult to get on the property ladder. House prices in the last few decades have risen dramatically; [Q2] property is now five times the average annual salary, whereas it was only three times the average annual wage in the 1980s. This fact, coupled with high unemployment amongst young people, makes it virtually impossible for a single person to buy a home or even rent. The number of students going on to higher education has also been steadily increasing. Many of these students return home after finishing their studies as a result of the student debt they have accumulated. [Q3] It can take many years to pay this off, and if the burden of rent or a mortgage is added to that, it can be just too much for a young adults pocket. However, help is now at hand. The government is tackling some of the problems that cause people to remain with their parents with a new scheme, the Affordable Housing Scheme. This aims to help people part buy a house or flat by making housing more affordable for first-time buyers, [Q4] and possibly taking the stain away from elderly parents!

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Vocabulary: - constantly [adverb]: Không ngớt, liên miên Meaning: all the time; repeatedly - phenomenon [noun]: Hiện tượng Meaning: a fact or an event in nature or society, especially one that is not fully understood - offspring [noun]: Con, con cái, con cháu, con đẻ Meaning: a child of a particular person or couple - minimal [adjective]: Rất nhỏ; tối thiểu Meaning: very small in size or amount; as small as possible - debt [noun]: nợ Meaning: a sum of money that somebody owes - accumulated [verb]: Chất đống, chồng chất, tích luỹ, gom góp lại Meaning: to gradually get more and more of something over a period of time - burden [noun]: gánh nặng Meaning: a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work - mortgage [noun]: Tiền thế chấp Meaning: a legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends you money to buy a house, etc., and you pay the money back over a particular number of years; the sum of money that you borrow - tackle [verb]: giải quyết Meaning: to make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem or situation

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Exercise 11: 5. fourteen [children] 6. women 7. married 8. rented accommodation

Transcript Lone-parenting is a relatively recent family structure which has rapidly grown in the last half century. In 1972 only one in fourteen children lived in a Q5 lone-parent family: When we compare this with todays figure of one in four, we can see that this is a rapid increase. In the past, lone-parenthood was overwhelmingly the result of a death of a parent. Nowadays however, it is Q6 increasingly a choice. Some sociologists argue that this increase is due to the outlook of women. Where women once were willing to accept an unhappy or abusive marriage, now many will choose lone-parenthood. Often this can be just a transitory phase before they find a new partner. This view of womens attitudes and lone parenting is highly debated, because some figures show that Q7 the largest group of lone parents are mothers who have never married. You can find counter arguments for these ideas in Butler and Jones. One difficulty for singer parents is that they are a social group who are much more likely to suffer from poverty and hardship. They are more likely to Q8 live in rented accommodation and have childcare issues.

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Vocabulary: - Lone-parent: bố, mẹ đơn thân Meaning: single parent - abusive [adjective]: Lạm dụng, Lăng mạ Meaning: rude and offensive; criticizing rudely and unfairly - marriage [noun]: kết hôn Meaning: the legal relationship between a husband and wife - transitory [adjective]: Ngắn ngủi; phù du; bóng chớp Meaning: continuing for only a short time - suffer from [phrasal verb]: chịu đựng Meaning: To be afflicted by some ailment or injury. - poverty [noun]: sự nghèo nàn, sự thiếu thốn Meaning: the state of being poor - hardship [noun]: Sự gian khổ, sự thử thách gay go Meaning: a situation that is difficult and unpleasant because you do not have enough money, food, clothes, etc.

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Exercise 12: 1. less reliable 2. very expensive 3. evidence 4. wide reading

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Transcript Tutor: Phil: Jackie:

Tutor: Phil: Tutor: Phil: Tutor: Jackie: Phil: Tutor: Jackie:

Tutor:

Jackie:

Good morning, Phil, Jackie. I hope your project is going well Morning, Mr Jackson. Hi Mr Jackson. Well, weve made a start on analysing the different forms of renewable energy, but unfortunately we dont really agree on some points. OK, why dont we talk about it? Well, Jackie believes that all forms of renewable energy are beneficial economically, whereas I doubt that thats true for all of them. Such as? Such as wind, wave and solar energy because theyre less reliable. Thats a valid point but I dont think thats a large enough factor to disregard it completely. Exactly, thats what I said. However, another drawback is that theyre generally very expensive to produce. Yes, youre right. And that is a concern when evaluating their usefulness in future. I agree with you to a point , but its likely that the cost will come down. I read a report in the Journal of Environmental Science that estimates the cost would fall by twenty percent over the next ten years, which is significant, isnt it? Absolutely, Jackie. But you need to think about how difficult it is to predict the future cost of non-traditional energy sources before you believe the report. Remember: in your project I want to see evidence of critical analysis. Make sure youve analysed at the information rather than just accepting the information that you agree with. Also its very important that you demonstrate wide reading around the subject. I know, its that Im not convinced that its going to continue to be that expensive, especially if theres a demand from the customers

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Q2

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Vocabulary: - analyse [verb]: Phân tích Meaning: to examine the nature or structure of something, especially by separating it into its parts, in order to understand or explain it - renewable energy: năng lượng tái tạo Meaning: a form of energy derived from a natural source, such as the sun, wind, tides, or waves - solar energy: năng lượng Mặt Trời Meaning: energy obtained from solar power - evaluate [verb]: đánh giá Meaning: to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after thinking about it carefully

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DẠNG 5:

FLOWCHART AND DIAGRAM

Exercise 1: 6. aircraft 7. freeze 8. ice

9. release heat 10. last longer

Transcript Tutor: All right, lets go back to the section in your essay on cloud seeding. Apart from your silver nitrate/ silver iodide mistake, youve missed a few bits out. Student: Have I? T: Im afraid so. What Id like you to do is talk me through the process of cloud seeding, what it involves and so on, and Ill stop you if youve forgotten something. OK? S: Fine. Well, first of all silver nitro. er, iodide is fired into the cloud from the ground using a rocket. T: Good and you could mention that sometimes its dropped from above by aircraft. S: Right, and this is the first stage, the primary stage, which is called static seeding. The silver iodide causes a chemical reaction with the tiny water drops in the cloud, and they freeze. T: OK, so youve got millions of tiny ice particles because the water droplets in the cloud freeze. What happens next? S: Next, er, theres a process called riming: R-I-M-I-N-G. Thats when the ice particles, well, they join up to form bigger pieces of ice, and when theyre heavy enough, they fall from the sky. T: Good, and then? S: Well, as they fall, they turn to rain or snow. And, er, well, thats it, isnt it? T: Well, usually, yes, but youre mentioned that theres a first stage, a primary stage so surely you should have mentioned? S: Oh, the secondary stage. T: Which is known as? S: Dynamic seeding, of course, how could I have left that bit out? Let me think. OK, so the water droplets turn to ice, and er,...

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Q7 Q8

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T: What happens when water freezes? When anything freezes, for that matter. Something that may seem surprising. S: Oh, of course, it releases heat. T: Exactly, it releases heat. And what can happen to a cloud when freezing water inside it does this? S: The cloud gets bigger, and contains even more moisture. T: Exactly, and not only do they become bigger, but they also? S: They, er, produce storms. No, hang on, thats not right. They last longer, thats it. T: Right. They last longer, which means they can be seeded again to produce even more rain.

Q9

Q10

Vocabulary: - silver [noun]: bạc Meaning:[symbol Ag] a chemical element. Silver is a greyish-white precious metal used for making coins, jewellery, decorative objects, etc. - nitrate [noun]: [hoá học] Nitrat Meaning: a compound containing nitrogen and oxygen - iodide [noun]: [hoá học] Iođua Meaning: a chemical which contains iodine - aircraft [noun]: Máy bay, tàu bay Meaning: any vehicle that can fly and carry goods or passengers - chemical [adj]: [thuộc] hoá học Meaning: connected with chemistry - reaction [noun]: [vật lý]; [hoá học] phản ứng Meaning: a chemical change produced by two or more substances acting on each other - release [verb]: Sự giải thoát, sự thoát khỏi Meaning: the act of letting a gas, chemical, etc. come out of the container where it has been safely held - moisture [noun]: Hơi ẩm; nước ẩm đọng lại; nước ẩm rịn ra Meaning: very small drops of water that are present in the air, on a surface or in a substance

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Exercise 2: 6. pyramid 7. quotes/ quotations 8. figures

9. conclusion 10. headline

Transcript

Lecturer: But how can you get involved? How can you begin to write articles which will be published on sites like these? Well, first you must have something interesting to say, something you want to communicate with readers. Assuming you have this, its important in an article to attract peoples attention and gain their interest, so put the main facts first, answering these questions. Who? Why? When? How? and Where? Get those basic facts down to start with and get people interested. Then fill in the details in the rest of the article: the best model is really shaped like a pyramid. [Q6] You put the most important facts at the top of the article and lots of smaller details down below. Remember, you want people to keep reading, so you need to hold your readers interest. A really good technique for doing that is to put in quotations from people who are part of the story [Q7] - what they really said. You know the sort of thing, um, Tanya, mother of two, said: It all happened so quickly that we didnt have time to react. Quotations bring the article alive. Once youve written your article, go over it again to make sure that any figures you quote are correct. [Q8] Make sure that Tanya really has two children and not one or three. Then, after that, once youve got your ideas down, rewrite your article, making sure that your paragraphs dont contain more than three sentences - people like them to be brief and to the point, and this will help to hold the attention. And another thing to bear in mind: if theyve reading online, people will soon stop reading your piece and start reading something else, so keep the whole article brief. Dont put in a conclusion - just let your article end without it. [Q9] Another good piece of advice is to remember that old cliche which weve all heard that a picture is worth a thousand words. Its true, so if you can, include a picture. Ill attract more attention and illustrate what youve been saying. Finally, you need to write a headline - something eye-catching [Q10] which will get people to just skim the article to start with, and then, if its well written, theyll read it more carefully afterwards.

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Vocabulary: - article [noun]: Bài báo Meaning: a piece of writing about a particular subject in a newspaper or magazine - publish [verb]: công bố, Xuất bản Meaning: to produce a book, magazine, CD-ROM, etc. and sell it to the public - communicate [verb]: Giao tiếp, truyền đạt, thông tri Meaning: to make your ideas, feelings, thoughts, etc. known to other people so that they understand them - pyramid [noun]: hình chóp, kim tự tháp Meaning: a solid shape with a square or triangular base and sloping sides that meet in a point at the top - Quotation [noun]: Sự trích dẫn Meaning: a group of words or a short piece of writing taken from a book, play, speech, etc. and repeated because it is interesting or useful - illustrate [verb]: Minh hoạ, làm rõ ý Meaning: to make the meaning of something clearer by using examples, pictures, etc.

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Exercise 3: 6. key terms 7. animal world 8. contexts

9. stages 10. influences

Transcript Victor: Right, so lets design a plan. What ideas have you got so far? Fumiko: Well, I wondered about doing something about relationships in the wild first - you know, maybe starting with animals. V: Thats quite a good idea but I think the very first thing you need to do is give a definition of what you mean by your key terms. [Q6] F: Oh, so I need to say what terms like relationship mean? V: Yeah. Um, you could just do a diagram - you know, like you do when you brainstorm something. R: Oh yes - OK, Ill do that first. V: Right. After that, you could do a bit of background on the animal world [Q7] yes, a quick look at relationships among ape groups would work. F: Yeah - interesting - just to show that relationships are part of life...So thats the definition and background - what next? V: Well, then you have to move on to people. Are you going to target a particular age group? Or something else? F: Well, I thought that first I would look at different...well, there are so many places arent there where we form relationships. In the office V: Yeah...within the family. Even toddlers aged 18 months or under have relationships F: Yeah...so Ill present those. V: You mean the contexts for relationships.[Q8] F: Yes, thats the world. V: You do have to find a way to limit the scope of the study. F: Yeah, I could examine the 21-to-30 age group

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V: Or the next thing might be to select one type of relationships and go with that F: Good idea! Um, Ill pick friendship and lock at what makes that type of relationship work and V: Well, why dont you go through the stages in a friendship? [Q9] But I would keep it simple - just select six. F: Six. OK, I guess I could fit my practical work in here V: Yes, its sort of area that you can canvas peoples opinions on. Ah, it might be good to get some opinions from people over the age of 60 F: And - as a contrast - why dont I end by looking into the future? Maybe the future changes in V: Yeah, or better still, the influences - you know, with all the social networking that goes on now.[Q10] F: OK, influences...oh, thats been such a help, Victor. Thanks so much. V: No problem Id better go and get some work done myself.

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Vocabulary: - relationship [noun]: Mối quan hệ, mối liên hệ Meaning: the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other - diagram [noun]: Biểu đồ Meaning: a simple drawing using lines to explain where something is, how something works, etc. - brainstorm [verb]: động não Meaning: to all think about something at the same time, often in order to solve a problem or to create good ideas - toddler [noun]: Đứa bé chỉ mới biết đi Meaning: a child who has only recently learnt to walk - scope [noun]: Phạm vi, tầm Meaning: the range of things that a subject, an organization, an activity, etc. deals with - examine [verb]: thẩm tra, xem xét, khảo sát Meaning: to consider or study an idea, a subject, etc. very carefully

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Exercise 4: 1. Youth club 2. Welcome pack 3. Coordinator

4. Record book 5. Badge

Transcript Woman: The Duke of Edinburghs Award is a programme of activities designed to help young people from all backgrounds develop personally. There are three levels: Bronze, Silver and Gold, and for each level participants have to complete a series of activities in four categories: volunteering, physical, skills, and expedition. This talk will explain what you have to do in order to get a Bronze award. The first thing you need to do is find a Duke of Edinburgh centre near you. This could be your school, college, or youth club. Then youll need to pay a small fee to enrol in the programme. Once youve enrolled, youll get a welcome pack which explains the four categories in more detail. Then you can start planning what to do. You can do many different types of activity for each category, but you must get them approved by your Duke of Edinburgh Coordinator before you start so you dont waste time doing something which is not approved. The other important person is your assessor. This is the person who will certify that youve completed each activity by signing your record book. After youve completed all the activities in the time given, your assessor will send your record book results to the operating authority, who will check it. If everything is satisfactory, youll get your certificate and badge to confirm youve completed the award. And after that, you can start working on the Silver award!

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Q2 Q3

Q4

Q5

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Vocabulary: - programme [noun]: Chương trình Meaning: an organized order of performances or events - participant [noun]: Người tham gia, người tham dự Meaning:a person who is taking part in an activity or event - category [noun]: Hạng, loại Meaning: a group of people or things with particular features in common - volunteer [noun]: Người tình nguyện, người xung phong Meaning: a person who does a job without being paid for it - expedition[noun]: Cuộc hành trình Meaning: an organized journey with a particular purpose, especially to find out about a place that is not well known - enroll [verb]: ghi tên Meaning: to arrange for yourself or for somebody else to officially join a course, school, etc. - assessor [noun]: Người định giá [tài sản...] để đánh thuế Meaning: an expert in a particular subject who is asked by a court or other official group to give advice - satisfactory [adj]: Vừa lòng, vừa ý; thoả mãn Meaning: good enough for a particular purpose - badge [noun]: Huy hiệu, phù hiệu Meaning: a small piece of metal or plastic, with a design or words on it, that a person wears to show that they belong to an organization, support something, have achieved something, have a particular rank, etc.

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Exercise 5: 8. sign 9. reception 10. membership card

Transcript Now, the final thing I want to talk about is how to join the Park Hill Leisure Centre and enrol for the classes. First you need to complete an enrolment form with some of your personal details, including your address and telephone number and the name of your school. If you're under sixteen years old, then you'll also be required to get your parents' permission to take part in the classes. Please ask one of your parents to sign the authorisation form attached to the enrolment form. You'll find the form in your information pack. When you've done this, you just hand the forms to reception. You can pay an annual subscription of twenty pounds, or alternatively, you can pay each time you use the facilities. There is a one pound sixty admission fee in this case. Whether you decide to pay in one go or with each visit, you still need to complete the forms in your pack and become a member. Once we have the forms, we'll send your membership card to your home address. All you need to do is show this card every time you come to the centre, and if you want to book a class, you just need your membership number on your card.

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Q10

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Vocabulary: - enrolment [noun]: Sự kết nạp hoặc được kết nạp Meaning: the act of officially joining a course, school, etc.; the number of people who do this - permission [noun]: Sự cho phép, sự chấp nhận; giấy phép Meaning: the act of allowing somebody to do something, especially when this is done by somebody in a position of authority - authorisation [noun]: Sự cho phép, sự cấp phép Meaning: official permission or power to do something; the act of giving permission - reception [noun]: Sự nhận, sự thu nhận, sự lĩnh Meaning: the area inside the entrance of a hotel, an office building, etc. where guests or visitors go first when they arrive - subscription [noun]: Sự quyên góp [tiền] Meaning: an amount of money you pay, usually once a year, to receive regular copies of a newspaper or magazine, etc.; the act of paying this money - admission [noun]:Sự nhận vào, sự thu nạp vào; sự kết nạp Meaning: the act of accepting somebody into an institution, organization, etc.; the right to enter a place or to join an institution or organization

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Exercise 6: 1. General 2. Specific 3. Make notes

4. System 5. Relevance

Transcript Tutor: James: Tutor:

James: Tutor:

Tutor:

James:

Tutor: Y

James:

Hi, James. Hows your alternative energy research project going? To be honest, Im a bit confused about how to do the research for all the different energy types. Well, the first thing to do is to make sure you focus your question, otherwise youll have too much to read and you wont be able to select the key arguments. So how do I do that? Start with the general topic of alternative energy and then keep asking questions until youve narrowed the topic down to one particular area. Then, when you have your question, make a list of the reading you wilt need. This list should be general to give you some background, but remember youll need to focus on the issues related to the question, so the reading list should also be specific to the actual energy source youve chosen, whether its wind or solar or wave power. And then start reading? Absolutely. You need to start straight away, but dont forget to make notes as you read, otherwise you wont be able to keep track of ideas for future reference purposes. Yes, that makes sense. I think thats my main problem I dont recall where Ive read different ideas so I cant find them again later. And my friends have warned me that not recording ideas in a system can really hinder your progress. our friends are right its a common problem amongst students. You need a system. Anyway, once youve done the reading and made all your notes, you need to organise them so that you can analyse and think about what youve read. But I prefer to just start writing and then go back and look at my notes later.

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Q3

Q4

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Tutor:

James: Tutor:

Hmm I wouldnt recommend it. I think you need to give yourself more time to digest the material and arrange it into some kind of system ready for analysis in terms of relevance to your research question. Well, thats a great help. Thank you, Professor Jenkins. Youre welcome. Come and see me again if you have any more problems.

Q5

Vocabulary: - alternative energy [noun phrase]: năng lượng thay thế Meaning: Energy from a source other than the conventional fossil-fuel sources of oil, natural gas, and coal; e.g., wind, running water, the sun. Thus, alternative fuel - argument [noun]: Lý lẽ, lý luận Meaning: a conversation or discussion in which two or more people disagree, often angrily - warn [verb]: Cảnh cáo, răn Meaning: to tell somebody about something, especially something dangerous or unpleasant that is likely to happen, so that they can avoid it - hinder [verb]: Cản trở, gây trở ngại Meaning: to make it difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen - progress [noun]: Sự tiến hành; sự xúc tiến Meaning: the process of improving or developing, or of getting nearer to achieving or completing something - organise [verb]: Tổ chức, cấu tạo, thiết lập Meaning: to arrange for something to happen or to be provided - analyse [verb]: Phân tích Meaning: to examine the nature or structure of something, especially by separating it into its parts, in order to understand or explain it - recommend [verb]: Khuyên bảo, dặn; đề nghị Meaning: to tell somebody that something is good or useful, or that somebody would be suitable for a particular job, etc. - digest [verb]: Suy nghĩ kỹ càng, sắp xếp trong óc Meaning: to think about something so that you fully understand it

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Exercise 7: 8. rotate 9. gathering 10. the other direction

Transcript Emma: Tom: Alex: Tom: Alex:

Tom: Alex:

Emma: Alex:

Emma:

Right, shall we get started on some of the content? Yes. we havent got that much time. Does anyone know anything about their topics? I know quite a lot about cyclones. Do you? Well, I studied them at high school. You know, cyclones usually start near the equator. They need quite warm water to form. Above the Q8 warm water, the vapour in the air forms clouds, and if there is low pressure, then these clouds will start to rotate. Isn't it also the fact that the earth rotates too which makes the clouds spin more? Yes, that too. Once they begin rotating, they can either lose Q9 momentum or keep gathering momentum until they hit land - these ones are called mature cyclones. Luckily, as soon as they hit land, they start to lose momentum and fade away. Just because they don't have the warmth of the ocean underneath. Well, that's a relief! They can still be really destructive. They're like a big circle of wind. They blow strongly until the eye of the storm passes - you know, the centre, where everything is really quiet, no wind or anything. But then Q10 the other side hits and the winds blow just as strongly but in the other direction! It's just amazing! Yes, I would really like to cover that. Well, it looks like we've got it all arranged, then!

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Vocabulary: - cyclone [noun]: Lốc, gió xoáy Meaning: a violent tropical storm in which strong winds move in a circle - equator [noun]: Xích đạo Meaning: an imaginary line around the earth at an equal distance from the North and South - vapour [noun]: Hơi nước Meaning: a mass of very small drops of liquid in the air, for example steam - pressure [noun]: Sức ép, áp lực Meaning: the force or weight with which something presses against something else - rotating [noun]: sự quay Meaning: moving or turning around a fixed point - momentum [noun]: động lượng, xung lượng Meaning: the ability to keep increasing or developing - destructive [adj]: Phá hoại, phá huỷ, tàn phá, huỷ diệt Meaning: causing destruction or damage

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Exercise 8: 11. B 12. C 13. E

Transcript MAN: Hello? WOMAN: Hi. Its Laura Cariton here. Weve just arrived at the holiday flat, but I cant get the hot water and heating to work. MAN: Oh right! Thats easy. Dont worry. In the upstairs cupboard, youll find the water heater. Youll see three main controls on the left at the bottom of the heater. The first one - the round one on the far left - is the most important one for the heating and hot water. Its the main control switch. Make sure its in the on position. The switch itself doesnt light up, but the little square below will be black if the switch is off. Thats probably whats happened - its got switched off by mistake. The middle one of these three controls - youll see its slightly larger than the first one - controls the radiators. If you feel cold while youre there and need the radiators on, this needs to be turned to maximum. The last of the three controls - the one on the right - is usually on about a number four setting which for the water in the taps is usually quite hot enough. Below the heating controls in the middle is a small round plastic button. If there isnt enough water in the pipes, sometimes the heater goes out. If this happens youll need to press this button to reset the heater. Hold it in for about five seconds and the heater should come on again. Then theres a little square indicator under the third knob, thats a kind of alarm light. Itll flash if you need to reset the heater WOMAN: It sounds complicated MAN: Im sure you wont have any problems with it. There should be some more instructions on the side of the heater. Call me back if you cant make it work. WOMAN: Okay

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Q12 Q12 Q13

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Vocabulary: - cupboard [noun]: Tủ có một hoặc nhiều cửa ở phía mặt [hoặc xây chìm vào tường] để đựng thức ăn, quần áo, đĩa; tủ ly Meaning: a piece of furniture with doors and shelves used for storing dishes, food, clothes, etc. - switch [noun]: Công tắc Meaning: a small device that you press or move up and down in order to turn a light or piece of electrical equipment on and off - slightly [adv]: Nhỏ; ở một mức độ không đáng kể Meaning: a little - radiator [noun]: Vật bức xạ Meaning: a hollow metal device for heating rooms. Radiators are usually connected by pipes through which hot water is sent. - indicator [noun]: Dụng cụ chỉ cho biết, vật chỉ thị Meaning: a sign that shows you what something is like or how a situation is changing

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Exercise 9: 26. E 27. B

28. G 29.A

30. F

Transcript Tutor:

James: Tutor: James:

Tutor:

James: Tutor:

James: Tutor: James: Tutor:

James:

OK, so lets just think about the content of your case study - the history of Furniture Rossi. I see here in paragraph four youre talking about how Luca Rossi raised the capital for his new business venture - and then youre talking about the customer base growing much wider - but what was it that prompted this growth? Well, that was to do with the quality of the furniture [Q26] products that the company was selling. People loved that it was all hand-made and would last. And because demand from customers kept growing? Well, then Rossi needed to take on more craftsmen so they could make sure the orders were ready on time, and then, he also had to set up two new warehouses [Q27] to make distribution quicker. Yes. And from there, the company really grew. But think what happened next. They started looking at ways to increase their profits and called in a consultant. And what he saw immediately was that the infrastructure was completely outdated they were paying three full-time admin staff just for data-entry. So he recommended they upgrade their software programs [Q28] and that, in turn, cut operational costs and just speeded everything up. Im surprised they didnt get on to that earlier, but I suppose Luca Rossi was more interested in the design aspect, rather than the finance side of things. Yes, I imagine thats why he eventually turned the day-to-day running of the company over to his son. And in fact, it was the son, Marco, who persuaded his father to move on from traditional television advertising and go online instead. I guess thats the best way to reach people. It can be, but initially, customers actually complained. Why? Well, some users found it hard to negative their way around the website - so they were getting frustrated and giving up. So then the company called in a professional to improve it. [Q29] I see. He must have done a good job. Theyve had a continuous three-year rise in revenue - so things must be going well.

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Tutor: James:

Indeed. And what of the future? Well, I probably need to talk about this a bit more in the concluding paragraphs, dont I? Consumers are already aware of the quality of the furniture, thats for sure, but I think the company is aiming to publicise their values [Q30]- the fact that they have respect for beauty, durability and functionality, and the environment. A lot of companies are ready...

Vocabulary: - venture [noun]: Dự án kinh doanh, công việc kinh doanh Meaning: a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking risks - demand [noun]: nhu cầu Meaning: a very firm request for something; something that somebody needs - craftsmen [noun]: Thợ thủ công Meaning: a skilled person, especially one who makes beautiful things by hand - warehouses [noun]: Kho hàng; kho chứa đồ Meaning: a building where large quantities of goods are stored, especially before they are sent to shops/stores to be sold - consultant [noun]: Người tư vấn, tư vấn viên Meaning: a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and is employed to give advice about it to other people - infrastructure [noun] : Cơ sở hạ tầng Meaning: the basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an organization to run smoothly, for example buildings, transport and water and power supplies - persuade [verb]: Thuyết phục Meaning: to make somebody do something by giving them good reasons for doing it - frustrate [verb] : Làm thất bại, làm hỏng Meaning: to make somebody feel annoyed or impatient because they cannot do or achieve what they want - publicise [verb]: đưa ra công khai, quảng cáo Meaning: to make something known to the public; to advertise something - durability [noun]: Tính bền, tính lâu bền Meaning: the quality of being able to last for a long time without breaking or getting weaker

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Exercise 10: 27. [senior] management/ managers 28. Project request

29. meeting 30. conference call

Transcript Dave: Randhir: Dave: Randhir: Dave: Randhir: Dave: Randhir: Dave: Randhir:

Dave: Randhir:

Dave: Randhir: Dave: Randhir:

What are the next steps if we are to have a new system? Well, the first question is - do you have support from your senior management? Yes, Ive already discussed it with them and theyve also keen to get this work done. OK, because I was going to say, thats the first thing you need to do and without that we cant go ahead. Yes, Ive done that. Thats good Actually, they mentioned that theres probably a form I need to complete to formally start the project. Yes - thats the next thing you need to do. Ill send you an email with a link so you can full it in online. Its called a project request form. OK, great. And then what happens? Well, I have a list of things but I think the third thing you should do is see Samir. Hes our analyst who will look at the system and identify what needs to be done. OK - can you send me his contact details and Ill set up a meeting with him. OK thats good, so we should soon be able to get a team together to start the work. Some members of our team work in different locations so its not easy to have face-to-face meetings. Thats OK - Im used to having conference calls providing they are not late at night. Right - so Ill send you details of the team and if you could set up a call that would be great. OK, Ill do that. Thanks

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Q28

Q29

Q30

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Vocabulary: - senior [adj]: Nhiều tuổi hơn; cao hơn về cấp bậc [chức quyền..]; lâu năm hơn Meaning: a person who is older than somebody else - analyst [noun]: Người phân tích Meaning: a person whose job involves examining facts or materials in order to give an opinion on them - identify [verb]: Nhận ra, nhận biết, nhận diện, nhận dạng Meaning: to recognize somebody/something and be able to say who or what they are - conference [noun]: Hội nghị Meaning: a large official meeting, usually lasting for a few days, at which people with the same work or interests come together to discuss their views

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Exercise 11: 21. pine forests 22. water 23. produce

24. sort 25. remove ink

Transcript Alan: Melanie: Alan: Melanie: Alan: Melanie: Alan: Melanie: Alan:

Melanie:

Alan: Melanie:

Alan:

Hi Melanie - what did you think of the assignment that we got today? It looks interesting, doesnt it? Yes Alan, Ive always been interested in recycling but theres a lot of research to do. Yes - there are a lot of things Im unsure of so its going to be good working with you. OK- well why dont we start by making a flow-chart from the notes our tutor gave us? Yes, um, so...on one side we could have the paper production cycle - here on the left - and on the other side the recycling. Good idea. Lets start at the top with the production. The first step in the process is to get the raw materials. Q21 Yes - and they tend to come from pine forests. OK - and then the bark is removed from the outside of the tree and after that the wood is chopped up - thats the first three stages. It sounds a bit complicated after that. Um, it says water is added and then Q22 the mixture is heated and made into pulp. This will be the thick paste that is used to make paper. Yes - youre right because after that they use a machine to make the paper and we can put that right in the centre of the flow-chart because its also where the recycled paper joins the process. Yes. So once the paper has been produced in the machine, what happens then? Well, I think we should write print as the next step because this is when newspapers, magazines, etc. are produced. And we could also add that they Q23 have to be distributed to stores and peoples homes. Right, then the recycling bit starts. The old papers collected and then it says its taken somewhere so that someone or something can sort it. I imagine Q24 there are different kinds of paper - or things like paper clips that need to be removed.

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Melanie: Alan: Melanie:

Yes. Lets have a step after that. Now, how did our tutor say they do this? Oh yes - it involves chemicals, so - how is your chemistry? Well - not very good Im afraid. But this is how they remove ink so - this is Q25 definitely going to need a bit of research. Right - the last step in the recycling section is similar to the last step in the production process with heating and pulping - before the cycle begins again.

Vocabulary: - assignment [noun]: Sự giao việc, sự phân công Meaning: a task or piece of work that somebody is given to do, usually as part of their job or studies - recycling [noun]: sự sử dụng lại Meaning: the process of treating things that have already been used so that they can be used again - Complicated [adj] : Phức tạp, rắc rối Meaning: made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understand - mixture [noun]: Sự pha trộn, sự hỗn hợp Meaning: a combination of different things - pulp [noun]: Bột giấy Meaning: a soft substance that is made by crushing wood, cloth or other material and then used to make paper - distribute [verb] : Được phân bổ theo một kiểu nào đó Meaning: to give things to a large number of people; to share something between a number of people - sort [verb] : Lựa chọn, sắp xếp, phân loại Meaning: to arrange things in groups or in a particular order according to their type, etc.; to separate things of one type from others

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Exercise 12: 23. activated 24. fifty kilometres 25. temperature

Transcript SIMON: SIMON:

But lets move onto how floats work. The operational cycle goes like this. Each of the floats is dropped in the ocean from a boat at a set point and activated from a Q23 satellite. Then the float immediately sinks about 2,000 metres thats two whole kilometres down in the water. It stays at this depth for about 10 days and is carried around by the currents which operate in the ocean at this level. During this time, its possible for it to cover quite large distances but the average is Q24 fifty kilometres. STUDENT 2: So, what is it actually recording? SIMON: Well, at this stage nothing, but as it rises to the surface, it collects all sorts of data, most importantly variations in salinity thats salt levels and the changes in temperature, a bit like underwater Q25 weather balloons. Then, when it gets back to the surface, all the data its collected is beamed up to the satellite. After about 5 hours on the surface, the float automatically sinks, beginning the whole process again. STUDENT 1: What happens to the data? SIMON: Well, the information is transferred direct to onshore meteorological stations like our one in Hobart and within four hours the findings can be on computers and they can be mapped and analysed.

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Vocabulary: - float [noun]: Cái phao; phao cứu đắm Meaning: a large vehicle on which people dressed in special costumes are carried in a festival - activate [verb]: hoạt hoá, làm hoạt động Meaning: to make something such as a device or chemical process start working - sink [verb]: Chìm, thụt, lún Meaning: to go down below the surface or towards the bottom of a liquid or soft substance - variation [noun]: Sự biến đổi, sự thay đổi; mức độ thay đổi, mức độ biến đổi Meaning: a change, especially in the amount or level of something - satellite [noun]: Vệ tinh; vệ tinh nhân tạo Meaning: an electronic device that is sent into space and moves around the earth or another planet. It is used for communicating by radio, television, etc. and for providing information. - onshore [adj]: Thổi từ biển về đất liền; về phía bờ Meaning: on the land rather than at sea - meteorological [adj]: khí tượng học Meaning: connected with the earth's atmosphere and its changes, especially in the way they affect the weather

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Exercise 13: 27. priorities 28. timetable

29. small tasks 30. single paragraph

Transcript JEANNIE: Well, the first thing is to find out exactly whats required in the exams. DAN: Mm. Would it help to get hold of some past papers? JEANNIE: Yes. Theyll help to make it clear. DAN: Right, Ill do that. Then what? JEANNIE: Then you can sort out your revision priorities, based on whats most likely to come up. I put these on a card, and read them through regularly. DAN: Uhuh. JEANNIE: But that isnt enough in itself. You also need a timetable, to see how you can fit everything in, in the time available. Then keep it front of you while youre studying. DAN: Ive done that before, but it hasnt helped me! JEANNIE: Maybe you need to do something different every day, so if you break down your revision into small tasks, and allocate them to specific days, theres more incentive to tackle them. With big topics youre more likely to put off starting. DAN: Good idea. JEANNIE: And as I revise each topic I write a single paragraph about it then later I h can read it through quickly, and d it helps fix things in my mind. JEANNIE: Thats brilliant. I also write answers to questions for the exam practice. Its hard to make myself do it, though! DAN: Well, Ill try. Thanks a lot, Jeannie. Thats a great help. JEANNIE: No problem. DAN: See you aground. JEANNIE: Bye.

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Q30

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Vocabulary: - priority [noun]: ưu tiên Meaning: something that you think is more important than other things and should be dealt with first - revision [noun]: Sự xem lại, sự đọc lại, sự xét lại, sự duyệt lại; cái đã được xem xét Meaning: a change or set of changes to something - allocate [verb]: Chỉ định Meaning: to give something officially to somebody/something for a particular purpose - incentive [noun]: Khuyến khích, khích lệ; thúc đẩy Meaning: something that encourages you to do something - tackle [verb] : Xử trí, giải quyết, khắc phục Meaning: to make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem or situation - revise [verb]: Đọc lại, xem lại, duyệt lại, xét lại Meaning: to change your opinions or plans, for example because of something you have learned

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Exercise 14: 5. daylight 6. country 7. willing to

Transcript Phil: Tutor:

Jackie: Phil: Jackie: Phil:

Tutor:

Jackie: Tutor: Jackie: Tutor:

Well, what about if we analyse the costing process as part of our project Thats an excellent idea, Phil. OK, so lets imagine that we want to forecast the cost of producing solar energy. How could we do that, Jackie? Q5 Um, well, I think weˆd have to start by working out how many hours of daylight there are in the UK per year. The Meteorological Office would have data on that. Then estimate the number of hours of sun to get a rough total. And then I suppose weˆd need to work out how much 1t would cost Q6 to supply the average home with solar power, and then extrapolate that to get a number for the whole country. Good, and don't forget the price of power conversation stations this wIll have a significant impact on overall expenditure. And theres one more factor you haven't taken into account yet, regarding the consumers. Um... whether they would change from traditional to renewable energy? No, but think about what might make them change? Q7 Oh, yes. How much they would be willing to pay. Exactly. Well done.

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Vocabulary: - imagine [verb]: tưởng tượng Meaning: to form a picture in your mind of what something might be like - forecast [noun]: Sự dự đoán trước; sự dự báo trước Meaning: a statement about what will happen in the future, based on information that is available now - estimate [verb]: Sự đánh giá, sự ước lượng Meaning: a judgement that you make without having the exact details or figures about the size, amount, cost, etc. of something - extrapolate [verb] : ngoại suy Meaning: to estimate something or form an opinion about something, using the facts that you have now and that are valid for one situation and supposing that they will be valid for the new one

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Exercise 15: 1. [to] New York 2. legal examination 3. [a] ferry

Transcript This morning Id like to focus on New York as a model for understanding immigration patterns in relation to national rather than international change. Firstly, it is important to understand that migration patterns are primarily affected by the rules of immigration which determine the conditions of entry. After that, internal changes can affect patterns considerably. To highlight my first point lets study this diagram of Ellis Island and the process of admitting immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Upon arrival at Ellis Island, people underwent a series of examinations and questions before being allowed to enter the US. First of all, there was a medical inspection to ensure the immigrants were not bringing in any contagious diseases. Anyone who did not pass the medical examination was refused entry to New York and sent home on the next available ship.[Q1] If the examination was passed, immigrants were required to take a further examination; this time a legal examination to establish whether they had any criminal convictions.[Q2] After this, immigrants were able to change currency and purchase tickets for onward rail travel from New York. Having completed this simple process, immigrants were told to wait this wait could be as long as five hours before boarding a ferry to take them to New York City.[Q3] This simple system allowed millions of immigrants to enter the US and is largely responsible for the ethnic make-up of the city today. Even though the immigrants themselves may have had a variety of reasons for deciding to migrate, it was only possible because of US national immigration laws.

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Vocabulary: - immigration [noun]: Sự nhập cư Meaning: the process of coming to live permanently in a country that is not your own; the number of people who do this - determine [verb] : Định, xác định, định rõ Meaning: to discover the facts about something; to calculate something exactly - immigrant [noun]: Nhập cư [dân...] Meaning: a person who has come to live permanently in a country that is not their own - inspection [noun]: Sự xem xét kỹ, sự kiểm tra, sự thanh tra Meaning: an official visit to a school, factory, etc. in order to check that rules are being obeyed and that standards are acceptable - contagious [adj]: truyền nhiễm Meaning: disease spreads by people touching each other - conviction [noun]: Người bị kết án tù, người tù Meaning: the act of finding somebody guilty of a crime in court; the fact of having been found guilty

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DẠNG 6:

NOTE - TABLE - SENTENCE COMPLETION

Exercise 1: 1. Cafe 2. 9 / nine am / 9 oclock 3. 5 / five km/ kilometres / kilometers 4. [a] bar[-]code 5. website

6. 1.50 7. M-A-U-G-H-A-N 8. 01444 732 900 9. guiding 10. taking photos/ photographs

Transcript A: Good morning Dave Speaking B: Hi could I speak to the organizer of the Preston Park Run? A: Yes thats me B: Great um I was taking to some friends of mine about the run and they suggested I contact you to get some more details. A: Sure what would you like to know? B: Well they said it takes place every Saturday, is that right? A: Yes, it does B: OK great A: Do you know where the park is? B: Oh yes Ive been there before. But its quite big and Im not sure where to go A: Well theres a circular track that goes right around the park. The run starts at the café, goes past the tennis courts then twice around the lake and finishes back where it started. B: OK, and what time is the run? A: Well, the actual run begins at 9 am but the runners start arriving at about 8.45 B: OK so I need to get up early Saturday morning then. And how long is the run? A: Well it used to be three kilometres but most people wanted to do a bit more than that so we lengthened it to five kilometres we now go round the lake twice and that adds an extra two kilometres. B: Right not sure Ive ever run that far so Id better start doing a bit of training. A: Thats a good idea. But its not a race, its really just for fun and the best thing would be to take it easy the first few times you do it and then see if you can gradually improve your time.

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Q2

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B: Is the run timed then? How do I know how well Ive done? A: When you cross the finish line youll be given a bar code and you take this to one of the run volunteers, who will scan it. Then you can get your time online when you go home. B: Oh I see. You collect all the results. A: Exactly. B: I see thats great. So how do I register? A. Well there are several ways. I could take your details over the phone but its much easier if you do it using the website B: OK good. Um, I think thats probably all I need to know for now. Oh yes, does it cost anything to register or do you collect money each week? A: Well it doesnt cost anything to register but we do charge for the run. In fact we have just increased the charge to 1.50 pounds. It used to be a pound but because we were making a bit of a loss we have had to increase it by 50P B: OK thanks. I think I have enough information on taking part in the run. [pause] B: Um you mentioned volunteers. I have a friend who is interested in helping out. Can you give me some details so I can pass them on to her? A: Sure well you need to ask your friend to contact Pete Maughan. He manages all the volunteers. B: OK I didnt quite catch his surname was it Morn M-O-R-N? A: No just a bit more complicated its M-A-U-G-H-A-N B: Right thanks. and could you give me his phone number? A: Yes just a moment. Its here somewhere let me just find it. Ah Ive two numbers for him. I think the one that begins 0-1-2-7-3 is an old one so use this one: its 0-1-4 double 4-7-3-2-9- double zero. B: OK got that. Can you tell me anything about the volunteering? Like what kind of activities it involves? A: Sure well we need volunteers for basic stuff like setting up the course. We have to do that before all the runners arrive. B: OK so thats a really start! A: Yes thats right. But if your friend would prefer to arrive a bit later she can also help with giulding the runners so they dont go the wrong way. B: I see. I believe you do a report on some of the races A: Yes thats right. In fact we do a weekly report on each race and we always try to illustrate it.

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Q5

Q6

Q7

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B: OK well my friend really likes taking photograph. Shes jut bought a new camera. A: Actually that would be great. I dont know whether Pete has anyone to take Q10 photographs this week. B: Oh, Ill let her know A: OK good. Could you ask your friend to phone Pete and let him know? B: Yes I will A: OK thanks. Goodbye B: Goodbye Vocabulary: - tennis court [noun]: sân chơi tennis Meaning: the place to play tennis - lengthen [verb]: kéo dài ra Meaning: To make something longer in size - register [verb]: đăng ký Meaning: To enroll in/to give name on an institution/organization - charge [verb]: tính phí/chi trả Meaning: pay money - stuff [noun]: tất cả những việc liên quan đến thứ mà đang nhắc đến Meaning: something - weekly [adjective]: hàng tuần Meaning: every week - illustrate [verb]: minh họa Meaning: to use pictures, photographs, diagrams to express somethin

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Exercise 2: 1. 3000 words/ three thousand words 2. surprise/ surprising ending 3. 16/ sixteen 4. August 5. COMP4SS

6. Post 7. Famous authors 8. Online 9. Public 10. Spain

Transcript A: Good morning. Dave speaking. B: Oh hi. Im phoning about a short story completion. Um, I saw an advert in a magazine and I was just calling to get some details. A: Yes certainly. Im the competition organizer so I should be able to help. What kind of details are you looking for? B: Well erm. does it cost anything to enter? A: Yes theres an entry fee of five pounds. B: OK that should be fine. [pause] B: Its a short story completion so how many words is that? A: Well we want to give people a reasonable amount of freedom but the guidelines are around 3.000 words [Q1]. B: Oh that sounds quite a lot A: Well its not as much as it used to be. We did have a limit of 5000 words but some people thought that was too many so this year weve reduced it. B: Right and does the story need to be about anything in particular? A: No you can write about any topic you like. But the main point of the competition is that it has to have surprise ending [Q2]. B: Oh I see. That sounds interesting. I dont think Ive ever written a story like that before. A: Yes its something weve introduced for this years competition. B: Right. Um Im eighteen. Is there any age limit? A: Yes you need to be sixteen [Q3] or over, so if youre eighteen thats fine. B: Great. So you have the competition once a year. Is that right?

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A: Yes we start advertising in January and the competition takes up a lot of the year. We give people a few months to write their story and then it takes quite a long time to judge all the entries and to announce the winners. B: I see. So when is the closing date for the competition? Its already April I hope Im not too late. A: No youve still got plenty of time. You need to submit your entry by the 1st of August [Q4]. After then it will be too late, although you can always enter next years competition! B: OK good. So how do I enter? A: Well we have a website and the best way to enter is to complete the entry form online. We also have more details of the competition on the site. Shall I give you the web address? B: Yes please. A: OK its www dot C-O-M-P-4-S-S [Q5] dot com. And thats the number four not the world four. B: OK thanks. Ive got that. So I can complete the entry form online but how do I send the story? Do I print it out and send it to you? A: Well you may want to print the story out so you can review it but dont post [Q6] it to us. When youve finished your story you will need to email it to us. The email address is on the website I gave you. B: OK thats fine. [pause] Um can you tell me a bit about how the competition is judged and what the prizes are? A: Yes of course. Well, once we have all the entries I send them to all the judges. Our competition is quite popular so we are lucky to be able to use famous authors [Q7] who are very interested in the competition. B: Thats fantastic. Its great to know that someone famous will be reading my story! A: Yes thats right. It takes them quite a while to read through the entries but eventually they decide on the top five stories. B: I see and what happens then? A: Well, they will be published online [Q8] so everyone can read them. They will not be in any order at this point. They will just be the five stories that the judges think are the best. B: And do all the top five stories get prizes? A: No its just the top story and the runner-up B: So how is the top story decided? A: Well once the top five stories are available, it will be the public [Q9] who will vote for their favorite story. B: Right I see. So I need to get all my friends to vote for me then!

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A: Er, yes thats a good idea. B: And, what is the prize? A: Well, the runner-up gets a prize of 300 pounds, but the winner gets a trip to Spain [Q10] to attend a workshop for writers. B: Wow thats brilliant. Id better get writing straight away A: Yes good luck! B: Thanks.

Vocabulary: - advert [noun]: quảng cáo Meaning: advertising/advertisement - guideline [noun]: sự hướng dẫn Meaning: a set of rules or instructions that are given by an official organization telling you how to do something, especially something difficult - take up [verb]: xảy ra Meaning: to happen or take place - judge [verb]: đánh giá Meaning: to evaluate something or someone - entry [noun]: bài dự thi Meaning: something that you do, write or make to take part in a competition. - publish [verb]: công bố, công khai Meaning: to make something/produce something to the public

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Exercise 3: 1. 7.30 / seven thirty 2. pencils 3. top 4. August 5. Instructions

6. 55 7. beginners 8. Kahui 9. Battery 10. Show

Transcript Woman: Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man:

Woman:

Man: Woman: Man: Woman:

Man:

Hello. Eastwood Community Centre Oh hello. My names Andrew Dyson. Im calling about the evening classes you offer. OK, Mr. Dyson, are they any classes in particular that youre interested in? Yes, youve got a class called Painting with watercolours, I believe. Thats right. Its a popular class so this term itll be moving to the hall, so theyve got more room. Right. I know its on Tuesday but what time exactly? It was 6.30 last term, but let me just have a look at the details. OK itll be 7.30 [Q1] this time, probably it suits more people. Well, its my wife whos really interested and thatll be good for her because shes home from work by 7.15 thatll give her just enough time to get there. Um, what does she need to bring? OK, well paints are provided by the tutor, I know that. Uh, the information says shell need just a jar for water and some pencils [Q2] for drawing. There are also lots of aprons here, so she neednt worry what shes wearing. And the cost for four classes is 45 pounds, including paints, as I said. OK, now were both quite keen on the Maori language class. There are spaces on the next course, so you could join that. Oh good. Which room will that be in? When you come in through the entrance of the community centre building, youll need to go straight up the stairs in front of you, all the way to the top [Q3]. And its the small room youll find there. I see. All right, and let me just check when its starting. I heard from someone that the July course has been delayed until August [Q4]

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Woman: Man: Woman:

Man: Woman:

Man: Woman:

Man: Woman: Man: Man: Woman:

Man: Woman: Man: Woman:

Im afraid so. And were halfway through the June course at the moment so theres not much point you taking that. I guess well have to wait, then Well, when you do come, the tutor recommends bringing a small recorder with you just so you can listen again later, and er, the cost for five classes is currently 40 pounds Ok, useful information to know. Um, theres one more class Im interested in thats the digital photography class. Oh Ive taken that class myself. The tutors very good. Thatll be in room 9 and thats starting in two weeks time in the evening every Wednesday at 6 oclock. Um, obviously I need to bring the camera with me, I suppose itd be useful to have the instructions [Q5] that go with the camera, too. Id say so. Um, some people bring along a lot of accessories like extra lenses, but theres really no need for this class. Its mainly focus on composition really, and getting the most out of the basic camera. Thats exactly what I need. And how much does it cost? Lets see. For four classes, its 35 pounds, but if you take eight, it works out as 55 [Q6] pounds, so youre making a bit of a saving 15 pounds that is I see [pause] OK, now just another question for the watercolours class: Ive just remembered that my wife asked me to find out about the level whos it for? OK, well you dont have to be very skilled or anything like that. Its designed for beginners [Q7] , actually. People who might see art as a hobby rather than as a professional opportunity. That sounds like my wife. And er, who do I talk to if I want to find out some more about the Maori language classes? Probably best to talk to the tutor directly. Hell be in the office in about half an hour. His names Jacson Kahui. Thats K-A-H-U-I [Q8] Good Ill give him a call Oh, if you do decide to come to the photography class, dont forget to look at your camera battery [Q9] and make sure its charged. I know it sounds obvious but Ive seen a few people suddenly find the cameras stopped working right in the middle of class.

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Man:

Woman:

Yes, I can imagine itd be easy to forget that. Oh, that reminds me, in the final week of the photography course, is it right theres a visit to a show [Q10] in the local area? I work in the city, you see, so I might have to come home early for that one. Yes, theyll decide the date once the class has started. Is there anything else I can

Vocabulary: - apron [noun]: tạp dề Meaning: Aprons are worn over other clothes to keep them clean, for example when cooking. - halfway [adjective]: nửa đường Meaning: part of the way towards doing or achieving something - recommend [verb]: đề xuất Meaning: to tell somebody that something is good or useful, or that somebody would be suitable for a particular job, etc. - instruction [noun]: sự hướng dẫn Meaning: detailed information on how to do or use something - accessory [noun]: các vật phụ Meaning: an extra piece of equipment that is useful but not essential or that can be added to something else as a decoration - charge [verb]: sạc pin Meaning: to let electricity go into the electric equipment

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Exercise 4: 1. 208 613 2978 2. Visiontech 3. doctor 4. garage 5. furniture

6.fridge 7.school 8.950 9.quiet 10.friend

Transcript Agent: Woman:

Agent: Woman: Agent: Woman: Agent: Woman:

Agent: Woman: Agent: Woman: Agent: Woman: Agent: Woman:

Fairfield Rentals. Andrew Williams. How can I help you? Oh hello. Im calling from the UK um, my family are moving to Canada early next year, and were hoping to find somewhere to rent in Fairfield for the first six months while we settle in. Right, I see. Well lets get your details. Yes, my names Jane Ryder Ok Jane, and can I have a phone number the best number to get you on? Well, thatd probably be our home number so 0044 for the UK, and then its 2086132978 [Q1] Alright. And an email address, please, so we can send you out all the information and forms I think its best if I give you my husbands email hes sitting in front of a computer all day so he can print stuff off and get it back to you sooner than I could. Its [emailprotected] . Ill just spell the company name for you. Thats V-I-S-I-O-N-T-E-C-H [Q2] Great. And we have a question here about occupation Richards an IT specialist for an advertising company. Theyre transferring him to their Fairfield branch. Actually, just your job for now, thanks Me? Im a doctor [Q3] at the hospital in our town OK, Ill put that down. Now, what kind of accommodation are you looking for? House, apartment? an apartment, probably, as long as it has two bedrooms. Therell be me, my husband and our ten-year-old son And so with an apartment, youre less likely to get a garden Thats OK

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Agent: Woman: Agent: Woman:

Agent: Woman: Agent: Woman: Agent:

Woman: Agent: Woman: Agent: Woman: Agent: Woman: Agent: Woman: Agent: Woman: Agent:

But what about a garage [Q4] is that something youll want the apartment to have? Yes, thats definitely important OK, just a moment. Ill make a note of that But er before we go on I should probably say now that what we dont need is any furniture [Q5] because well be shipping all that over, and I dont really want to pay for storage while were waiting to buy a house Not a problem. Ill make a note of that Actually, though, just thinking about the kitchen, what can I expect form a rental property? I mean, what kind of equipment is provided? Well the normal thing is that you get a stove I think thats a cooker in British English OK, good to know, but how about a fridge [Q6] .Well be selling ours before we come, so if possible, wed like the apartment to have one for when we arrive I can certainly add that to the form. If theres any other whiteware that you need like a dishwasher for example, there are plenty of stores here thatll arrange delivery on the same day as purchase. Thanks. Hopefully we wont need to buy too many things. Now, how about location? Have you done any research into the Fairfield area? Not that much so far Well, you mentioned you have a boy I imagine youd like to be fairly close to a school [Q7] Good idea. That would help. Whats public transport like in Fairfield? Is it easy to get around? The bus service is pretty comprehensive there are plenty of local routes, services into the city and out of town OK, and for a two-bedroom apartment what sort of rent should we except to pay? Well, looking at properties we have at the moment, prices start from around 750 pounds per months and depending on the area can go up to 1200 pounds Thats too much. Something halfway would be better So, would your limit be, say, 950 [Q8] pounds? Id say so, yes Can I ask if you smoke or if you have any pets?

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Woman: Agent: Woman:

Agent:

Woman:

No to both questions. But I do have one more request, please Yes Well, Ive also been offered a job at Victoria General Hospital and I suspect Ill be working nights occasionally - so what I really need from any apartment is for it to be quiet [Q9] so I can catch up on sleep if necessary during the day. Congratulations on the job offer. Ill add your request to the form. Well, what Ill do is compile a list of suitable properties for you and send them via email. Um, can I just ask -how did you hear about us? Obviously not from our commercials if youre living in the UK. Actually, it was a friend [Q10] of ours. He spent a few months in Fairfield a couple of years ago and he pointed us in the direction of your website Well, its good to be recommended. So what Ill do is

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Vocabulary: - settle in.[verb ]: định cư Meaning: to move into a new home, job, etc. and start to feel comfortable there - specialist [noun]: chuyên gia Meaning: a person who has deep knowledge of science, medicine - transfer [verb]: chuyển đổi Meaning: to move from one place to another; to move something/somebody from one place to another - branch [noun]: chi nhánh Meaning: a local office or shop/store belonging to a large company or organization - furniture [noun]: nội thất Meaning: objects that can be moved, such as tables, chairs and beds, that are put into a house or an office to make it suitable for living or working in - ship [verb]: vận chuyển Meaning: to move something to somewhere - storage [noun]: sự chứa/kho Meaning: the process of keeping something in a particular place until it is needed; the space where things can be kept - property [noun]: tài sản Meaning: a thing or things that are owned by somebody; a possession or possessions - purchase [verb]: mua bán Meaning: to buy and sell - comprehensive [adjective]: toàn diện Meaning: including all, or almost all, the items, details, facts, information, etc., that may be concerned - catch up on [phrasal verb]: theo kịp Meaning: to spend extra time doing something because you have not done it earlier - compile [verb]: biên soạn Meaning: to produce a book, list, report, etc. by bringing together different items, articles, songs, etc.

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Exercise 5: 1. unfriendly 2. noisy 3. 23.50 4. insects 5. bathrooms

6. party 7. SHADFORD 8. Towel 9. Breakfast 10. Kitchen

Transcript Julie: Nick:

Julie: Nick: Julie: Nick: Julie: Nick: Julie: Nick:

Julie: Nick: Julie: Nick: Julie: Nick:

Hi Nick. Its Julie. Have you managed to find any information about accommodation in Darwin? Hi. I was just going to call you. Ive found some on the Internet. There are quite a few hostels for backpackers there. The first possibility I found was a hostel called Top End Backpackers. OK Its pretty cheap, you can get a bed in a dormitory for nineteen dollars per person. Private rooms cost a bit more, but well be OK in dormitories, wont we? Sure So that hostel has parking, though that doesnt really matter to us as well be using public transport. Yeah. are there any reviews on the website from people whove been there? Well, yes. They arent all that good though. Some people said they didnt like to staff, they had an unfriendly [Q1] attitude. Mmm. Thats quite unusual in a hostel, usually all the staff are really welcoming. Thats what I thought. People said they like to pool, and the fact that the rooms had air-conditioning, but the problem with that was that it was very noisy [Q2], so they were kept awake. But it was too hot if they turned it off, so they had to put up with it. Someone told me theres another hostel called Gum Tree something Gum Tree Lodge. It costs a bit more, 45 dollars a person What? Oh no, thats for private rooms, its 23.50 [Q3] for the dorms. Thats more like it It looks to be in quite a good location, a bit out of town and quiet but with good transport, and quite near a beach

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Julie: Nick:

Julie: Nick:

Julie: Nick: Julie: Nick:

Julie: Nick:

Julie: Julie: Nick: Julie: Nick: Julie: Nick: Julie:

Has it got a pool? Yes, and its own gardens. The reviews for that one are mostly OK except for one person who said they couldnt sleep because there were insects [Q4] flying around in the dormitories Not for me then. And Id rather be somewhere central really. Right. Theres a place called Kangaroo Lodge. Theyve got dorms at 22 dollars. And its downtown, near all the restaurants and clubs and everything, so that should suit you. and it doesnt close at night. so theres always someone on reception. That sounds good The only criticism I saw as that the rooms were a bit messy and untidy because people just left their clothes and stuff all over the beds and the floor Dont hostels usually have lockers in the bedrooms where you can leave your stuff? Yeah, they do usually, but apparently they dont here. Still, hostels are never particularly tidy places, so that doesnt bother me. And the same person said that the standard of cleanliness was pretty good, and especially the bathrooms [Q5], they were excellent as far as that went. Right. Yeah, I reckon Kangaroo Lodge sounds the best. Me too. Quite a lot of people reviewing it said it was really fun there, like every night everyone staying there got together and ended up having a party [Q6]. So it sounds like its got a really good atmosphere OK, lets go for that one [pause] Did you get the address of Kangaroo Lodge? Yes its on Shadforth Lane Can you spell that? S-H-A-D-F-O-R-T-H [Q7]. Its near the transit centre where the intercity buses and the airport buses drop you off. Cool. Im really looking forward to this. Ive never stayed in a hostel before. Do you provide bed linen-sheets and things? Yeah, And you can usually either bring your own towel [Q8], or hire one there, but they dont usually provide those for free. OK, and what happens about meals?

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Nick:

Julie:

Well, you dont have to pay extra for breakfast [Q9]. It varies a lot in different places but generally its OK. And theres usually a café where you can buy a snack or a hot meal for lunch. But actually if youre really travelling on the cheap, usually for every five or six rooms theres a kitchen [Q10] where you can knock up snack, and that saves a lot of money. Great. Right, well shall I go ahead and book that

Vocabulary: - manage [verb]: quyết định Meaning: to succeed in doing something, especially something difficult - hostel [noun]: nhà ở giá rẻ Meaning: a building that provides cheap accommodation and meals to students, workers or travellers - backpacker [noun]: phượt thủ Meaning: a person who go backpaking - reception [noun]: lễ tân Meaning: the area inside the entrance of a hotel, an office building, etc. where guests or visitors go first when they arrive - criticism [noun]: sự chỉ trích, phàn nàn Meaning: the act of expressing disapproval of somebody/something and opinions about their faults or bad qualities; a statement showing disapproval - transit [noun]: luân chuyển Meaning: the process of being moved or carried from one place to another - intercity [adjective]: trung chuyển Meaning: travelling between cities, usually with not many stops on the way - drop somebody off [verb]: thả khách Meaning: to put someone on the road while travelling - bed linen [noun]: chăn ga giường chiếu nói chung Meaning: sheets and pillowcases for a bed

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Exercise 6: 1.[simple] documents 2. keyboard 3. flowers 4. tools 5. Saturday

6. Mairead 7. Bridge 8. 14th May 9. park 10. newspaper

Transcript Cathy: John: Cathy: John:

Cathy: John: Cathy:

John: Cathy:

John: Cathy:

John:

Hello, Hilary Lodge retirement home. Cathy speaking. Hello, my names John Shepherd. Could I ask if youre the manager of the home? Thats right Oh good. Hello Cathy. A friend of mine is a volunteer at Hilary Lodge, and Id like to help out, too, if you need more people. I would work part-time, so I have quite a lot of free time. Weve always glad of more help. Shall I tell you about some of the activities that volunteers get involved in? Please Well on Monday evenings we organize computer training. Weve got six laptops, and five or six residents come to the sessions regularly. Theyre all now fine at writing and sending emails, but our trainer has just moved away, and we need two or three volunteers who can help the residents create documents [Q1]. Just simple things, really. Id certainly be interested in doing that. Great. Then on Tuesday afternoons we have an informal singing class, which most of the residents attend. Weve got a keyboard [Q2], and someone who plays, but if youd like to join the singing, youd be very welcome. I work on Tuesday at the moment, though that might change. Ill have to give it a miss for now, Im afraid. OK. Then on Thursday mornings we generally have a session in our garden. Several of our residents enjoy learning about flowers [Q3], where they grow best, how to look after them, and so on. Is that something youre keen on? Im no expert, but I enjoy gardening, so yes, Id like to get involved. Do you have your own tools [Q4] at the home?

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Cathy: John: Cathy:

John: Cathy: John: Cathy: John: Cathy: John: Cathy: John: Cathy: John: Cathy: John: Cathy: John: Cathy: John: Cathy:

Weve got a few, but not very many I could bring some in with me when I come Thank you very much. One very important thing for volunteers is that we hold a monthly meeting where they all get together with the staff. Its a change to make sure were working well together, and that everyone knows how the residents are, and whats going on in the home Uhmm [pause] Now obviously wed need to get to know you before you become one of our volunteers. Of course Could you come in for an informal interview later this week, maybe? Im busy the next couple of days, but would Saturday [Q5] be possible? Certainly, just drop in any time during the day. I wont be working then, so youll see my assistant, Mairead Sorry, how do you spell that? Its M-A-I-R-E-A-D, Mairead [Q6] OK, got that Its not a name Im familiar with Its an Irish name. She comes from Dublin Right. And the road that Hilary Lodge is in is called Bridge [Q7] Road, isnt it? Thats right. Number 73 Fine Oh, one other thing you might be interested in were holding a couple of open house days, and still need a few volunteers, if youre available What are the dates? Theres one on April 9th, and another on 14th May. Theyre both Saturday, and all-day events. I can certainly manage May 14th [Q8]. Ive got another commitment on April 9th, though. That would be a great help. Were having several guest entertainers singers, a brass band, and so on and were expecting a lot of visitors. So one possibility is to help look after the entertainers, or you could spend an hour or so organizing people as they arrive, and then just be part of the team making sure everythings going smoothly.

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John: Cathy:

John: Cathy: John: Cathy:

Well, shall I show people where they can park [Q9]? Lovely. Thank you. One reason for holding the open house days is to get publicity for Hilary Lodge locally. So you may find you have someone from a newspaper [Q10] wanting to interview you. Theyll want to find out from two or three people why they volunteer to help at the home. Were trying to get a TV station to come, too, but they dont seem very interested. I dont mind being interviewed. Good. Well, if you come in for a chart, as we arranged, well take it from there. Thank you very much for calling My pleasure. Goodbye Goodbye

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Vocabulary: - get involved in [verb]: tham gia vào Meaning: to make somebody experience something, especially something unpleasant - resident [noun]: dân cư Synonym: inhabitant/ the local/ dweller Meaning: a person who lives in a particular place or who has their home there - session [noun]: buổi Meaning: a period of time that is spent doing a particular activity - informal [adjective]: không chính thống/ chính thức Meaning: relaxed and friendly; not following strict rules of how to behave or do something - expert [noun]: chuyên gia Meaning: a person with special knowledge, skill or training in something - all-day [adjective]: cả ngày Meaning: continuing or available for the whole day - commitment [noun]: cam kết Meaning: a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support somebody/something; the fact of committing yourself - entertainer [noun]: người làm trong ngành giải trí Meaning: a person whose job is amusing or interesting people, for example, by singing, telling jokes or dancing - publicity [noun]: sự quảng cáo Meaning: the attention that is given to somebody/something by newspapers, television, etc.

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Exercise 7: 1. business 2. third 3. sport[s] centre 4. [a] cleaner 5. library

6. international house 7. B659 8. [an] office assistant 9. answer [the] phone 10. 11.30

Transcript AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT:

STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT:

Good morning. Oh, good morning. Is this er room number 26? Yes, thats right. So is this the Student Job Centre? It certainly is. How can I help you? Well, actually Im looking for a joba part-time job. Do you have anything available at the moment? Ah, yes Are you a registered student? Im afraid this service is only available to full-time students. Yes I am. Im doing a degree in Business Studies [Q1]. Heres my student card. Which year are you in? Well Ive been at university for four years but Im in the Third Year [Q2] because I took last year off. Right well, lets just have a look at what positions are available at the moment. Theres a job working at the reception desk at the Sports Centre [Q3], for three evenings a weekthats Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays. That sounds like fun but unfortunately I have evening lecturesso thats not possible, Im afraid. Is there anything during the day? OK, thats no good then. Um. What about cleaning? Theres a position for a cleaner [Q4] at the Child Care Centre. Right But youd need to be there at 6 am. Does that appeal? Six oclock in the morning! Oh, thats far too early for me, Im afraid. Id never make it that early in the morning.

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AGENT:

STUDENT: AGENT:

STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT:

STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT: AGENT: STUDENT:

Mmm Wellthere was a position going in the Computer Lab. for three days a week that might be OK. Ah, here it is! No, its in the Library [Q5], not the Lab, Clerical Assistant requiredI think it mostly involves putting the books back on the shelves. Oh nohang on. Its for Wednesday and Friday evenings again. NOI cant manage that because of the lectures. OK, Im getting the idea. Look, Ill just get a few details from you anyway, and then we can check through the list and see what comes up. Well fill in the personal details on this application form first, if thats OK? Yes, thats fine. Now, whats your name again? Anita Newmanthats N-E-W-M-A-N. And your address, Anita? Im in one of the Halls of Residence for post-graduate students, you know, International House [Q6]. OKthats easy. Whats your room number there? Room B569 no sorry B659 [Q7]. I always get that wrong. I havent been living there very long. Do you have any other skills? Typing, languages, that sort of thing? Well, I speak some Japanese. Right, Ill make a note of that. Nowlets see what else is available. What do you think of administrative work? There is a position for an Office Assistant [Q8] at the English Language Centre. That sounds interesting. Its for 3 days a weekMonday, Friday and Saturday mornings. Interested? Mmm. I was hoping to have Saturdays free. But I need the work so can you tell me what the job involves? Yes, sure. It says here that youll be required to deal with student enquiries and answer the phone [Q9]. Im sure I can handle all that without a problem. Great. Well, would you like me to arrange an interview for you? Say, Friday morning, around ten? Could we make it a bit later? Unfortunately, Ive got something to do at ten. Would that be OK?

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AGENT: STUDENT:

Not a problem. How about eleven thirty [Q10]? Hope it works out for you Anita. Me too. And thanks for all your help.

Vocabulary: - appeal [verb]: phản đối Meaning: against - involve [verb]: liên quan Meaning: to make somebody take part in something - lecture [noun]: bài diễn thuyết/bài giản Meaning: a talk that is given to a group of people to teach them about a particular subject. - administrative work [noun phrase]: công việc điều hành Meaning: connected work with organizing the work of a business or an institution - handle [verb]: giải quyết Synonym: deal with/ solve/ tackle Meaning: to deal with a situation, a person, an area of work or a strong emotion

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Exercise 8: 11. sharks 12. old fishing village 13. shopping 14. [water] fountain 15. student card

16. fifty / 50 minutes 17. museum 18. tourist office 19. rainwear 20. eticket / e-ticket

Transcript Thank you for calling the phoneline for the Pacton-on-Sea bus tour. This is a recorded message lasting approximately four minutes and it provides general information on the town bus tour. Pacton-on-Sea is a beautiful west coast town and has attracted tourists for many years. One of the best ways of getting to know the town is to take the bus tour, which provides a wonderful viewing experience from one of our open-top buses. The tour is a round-trip of the town and there are a total of 4 stops where passengers can get on and off the bus. A lot of people start at the first stop which is at the train station as this is where many tourists arrive in the town. The next stop after the station is the aquarium which is famous for its dolphin show and which has recently expanded to include sharks [Q11]. This is well worth as visit and is very reasonably priced. Leaving the aquarium, the bus tour goes along the coast road and after a few kilometres comes to the Old Fishing Village [Q12] where you can get off to stroll along the waterfront. There are some original buildings here but most of the area has been modernized and is now used as a harbor for all kinds of sea craft including yachts and some amazing power boats. The tour then heads off to the last stop and this is where most of the shops are. So for those of you keen to do a bit of shopping [Q13], this is the place for you. Our advice is to go to this part of the town in the morning when it is relatively quiet. It does get very busy in the afternoons, especially at the height of the season. This area of the town includes an ancient water fountain [Q14] where many people like to have their photograph taken so do look out for this. [pause]

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Now some details of the costs and timings. A family ticket, which includes two adults and up to three children, costs 30 pounds. An adult ticket costs 15 pounds, children under the age of fifteen are 5 pounds and student tickets are 10 pounds as long as you have a student card [Q15]. All tickets are valid for 24 hours, which means that you can get on and off the bus as many times as you like withen a 24-hour period. So you could, for example, start the tour in the afternoon and complete it the following morning. The first bus of the day leaves the station at 10 a.m and the last one of the day leaves at 6 p.m. Buses leave every thirty minutes and each tour takes a total of 50 minutes [Q16]. There are many attractions at each of the stops, so wherever you get off the bus there will be plenty to do. The bus tour tickets do not include entrance to any of these attractions apart from the museum [Q17] which is located near the aquarium. Some buses have local giudes, who will point out places of interest and will provide information on the town. However, we cannot guarantee that every bus will have guide and so we also have an audio commentary that has been specially recorded on the bus and these are wasy to operate. There is no extra charge for these just plug in, select the required language and adjust the volume. Due to the winter months being rather cold and wet in Pacton-on-Sea, the bus tours only onperate from March to Septenber. The weather is usually warm and sunny during these months so remember to bring some sun protection, especially on ho days. And of course, it does occasionally rain here in the summer so if the weather looks bad, remember to bring some rainwear [Q19]. The bus tours are avalable no matter what the weather. At the height of the summer the tours can get very busy so you are advised to book. You can book tickets online, over the phone and also at the station and at any of the other tour stops. When booking over the phone you can collect your tickets at any of the stops at the start of your tour. When you do it online you can print your e-ticket [Q20] which you must remember to bring with you. Thank you for calling the Pacton-on-Sea phoneline and we look forward to seeing you soon on one of our tour buses.

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Vocabulary: - open-top bus [noun]: xe bus mui trần Meaning: the bus with no roof - round-trip [noun]: chuyến đi vòng quanh Meaning: a trip around a place - aquarium [noun]: viện hải dương học Meaning: a large glass container in which fish and other water creatures and plants are kept - stroll [verb]: đi dạo Meaning: to walk somewhere in a slow relaxed way - water fountain [noun]: đài phun nước Meaning: a machine that produces a small stream of water for drinking - modernize [verb]: hiện đại hóa Meaning: to make a system, methods, etc. more modern and more suitable for use at the present time - yacht [noun]: thuyền buồm Meaning : a large sailing boat, often also with an engine and a place to sleep on board, used for pleasure trips and racing - place of interest [noun]: điểm du lịch Meaning: a place to attracts tourists - guarantee [verb]: đảm bảo Meaning: a firm promise that you will do something or that something will happen - adjust [verb]: điều chỉnh Meaning: to change something slightly to make it more suitable for a new set of conditions or to make it work better

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Exercise 9: 14. [formal] garden 15. [Tower] Restaurant

16. views 17. history

18. seven-srceen 19. every 20 minutes 20. [from/the] Central station

Transcript

Thank you for calling the Tourist Line. There are many different ways of getting round the city and we'd like to suggest some you may not have thought of. How about a city trip by boat? There are four main stopping points - from west to east stop A Green Banks, stop B City Bridge, stop C Roman Landing and stop D Newtown. You can find the main booking office at stop A. The first boat leaves at 8 a.m. and the last one at 6.30 p.m. There are also many attractions you can visit along the river. At Stop A, if you have time, you can visit the fine 16th century palace here built for the king with its beautiful formal gardens [Q14]. It's very near the booking office. Now you can enjoy every corner of this superb residence. Stop B Why don't you visit Tower Restaurant [Q15] with its wide range of refreshments? This is a place where you can sit and enjoy the wonderful views [Q16] over the old commercial and banking centre of the city. Stop C is the area where, in the first century AD, invading soldiers crossed the river, this was much shallower than it is now. That's why this area is called Roman Landing. There's an interactive Museum to visit here with a large shop which has a good range of local history [Q17] books. At the furthest point of the trip, stop D, the most exciting place to visit is the new Entertainment Complex with seven-screen [Q18] cinema, bowling alley and video games arcade. Besides the boat tours, there are city buses. Two companies offer special services: The Top Bus Company runs all its tours with a live commentary in English. Tours leave from 8.30 a.m every 20 minutes [Q19]. There are departures from Central Station, Castle Hill and Long Walk. This is a hop-on hop-off service and tickets are valid for 24 hours. For further details call Top Bus on 02089447810. The Number One Sightseeing Tour is available with a commentary in eight languages. Buses depart from Central Station [Q20] every five to six minutes from about 9 a.m with the last bus at around 7 p.m. There are also Number One services with an English-speaking

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Vocabulary: - attraction [noun]: điểm thu hút Meaning: an interesting or enjoyable place to go or thing to do - superb [adjective]: chất lượng cao Meaning: excellent; of very good quality - residence [noun]: nhà cửa nói chung Meaning: a house, especially a large or impressive one - refreshment [noun]: đồ ăn thức uống Meaning: food or drink - commercial [adjective]: mang tính thương mai Meaning: connected with the buying and selling of goods and services - shallow [noun]: nông Meaning: not having much distance between the top or surface and the bottom - invade [verb]: xâm chiếm Meaning: to enter a country, town, etc. using military force in order to take control of it - interactive [adjective]: có tính tương tác Meaning: that involves people working together and having an influence on each other - arcade [noun]: mái vòm Meaning: a large building with a number of shops/stores in it - commentary [noun]: bài tường thuật Meaning: a spoken description of an event that is given while it is happening, especially on the radio or television

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Exercise 10: 11. 1.30 12. 25 December/ Christmas Day 13. Car-park / parking lot

14. 45 15. [some] tables

Transcript Hello, and thank you for asking me to your teachers meeting to talk about the Dinosaur Museum and to tell you a bit about what you can do with your students there. Well, let me give you some of the basic information first. In regards to opening hours, were open every day of the week from 9.00 am to 8.00 pm except on Mondays when we close at 1.30 pm [Q11]. And, in fact the only day in the year when were closed is on the 25th of December [Q12]. You can book a guided tour for your school group any time that were open. If you bring a school group to the museum, when you arrive we ask you to remain with your group in the car park [Q13]. One or more of the tour guides will welcome you there and brief you about what the tour will be about. We do this there because our entrance is quite small and we really havent got much room for briefing groups in the exhibition area. As far as the amount of time youll need goes, if you bring a school group you should plan on allowing a minimum of 90 minutes for the visit. This allows 15 minutes to get on and off the coach, 45 minutes [Q14] for the guided tour and 30 minutes for after-tour activities. If youre going to have lunch at the museum you will, of course, have to allow more time. There are two cafes in the museum, with seating for 80 people. If you want to eat there youll need to reserve some seating, as they can get quite crowded at lunch time. Then outside the museum at the back there are tables [Q15], and students can bring their own lunch and eat it there in the open air.

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Vocabulary: - In regards to [phrase]: về mặt Meaning: relating to something - brief [verb]: nói qua Meaning: talk with few words - exhibition [noun]: buổi triển lãm/ sự triển lãm Meaning: a collection of things, for example works of art, that are shown to the public - allow [verb]: cho phép Meaning: to let somebody/something do something; to let something happen or be done - crowded [adjective]: đông đúc Meaning: having a lot of people or too many people - reserve [verb]: bảo tồn, duy trì, gìn giữ Meaning: to ask for a seat, table, room, etc. to be available for you or somebody else at a future time

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Exercise 11: 11. classical music / concerts 12. bookshop / bookstore 13. planned 14. 1983 / [the] 1980s 15. City Council

16. 363 17. [the] Garden Hall 18. Three lives 19. 4.50 20. Faces of China

Transcript Hello, and welcome to Focus on the Arts. Im your host Dave Green- and this is your very own local radio programme. Every Friday evening we put the spotlight on different arts and culture facilities, and look at the shows and events that are on offer in the coming weeks. And today the focus is on The National Arts Centre. Now, if you dont already know it yourself Im sure youre all heard of it. Its famous throughout the word as one of the major venues for classical music. But did you know that it is actually much more than just a place to hear concerts? The Centre itself is a huge complex that caters for great range of arts. Under a single roof it houses concert rooms, theatres, cinemas, art galleries and a wonderful public library, as well as service facilities including three restaurants and a bookshop. So at any one time, the choice of entertainment there is simply enormous. So, how did they manager to build such a big arts complex right in the heart of the city? Well, the area was completely destroyed by bombs during the war in 1940. So the opportunity was taken to create a cultural centre that would be, what they called: THE Citys gift to the Nation. Of course it took a while for such a big project to get started, but it was planned in the 60s, built in the 70s and eventually opened to the public in 1983. Ever since then it has proved to be a great to be a great success. It is not privately owned, like many arts centres, but is still in public hands its run by the City Council Both our National Symphony Orchestra and National Theater Company were involved in the planning of the project, and they are now based there giving regular performances every week and as the Centre is open 363 days of the year, there are plenty of performances to choose from. So, to give you some idea of whats on, and to help you choose from the many possibilities, were b made a selection of the star attractions.

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Q11

Q12

Q13 Q14 Q15

Q16

396

If youre interested in classical music, then we recommend you go along to the National on either Monday or Tuesday evening at 7.30 for a spectacular production of The Magic Flute probably the most popular of all Mozarts operas. Its in the Garden Hall and tickets start at only £8.00, but youll have to be early if you want to get them that cheap! And remember, its only on for those two evenings. For those more interested in the cinema, you might like to see the new Canadian film which is showing on Wednesday evening at 8pm in Cinema 2. And thats called Three Lives. Its had fantastic reviews and tickets cost just £4.50 , which is a reduction on the usual price of £5.50 . So, its really good value, especially for such a great movie. But you can see the centres main attraction at the weekend, because on Saturday and Sunday, 11 am to 10 pm, theyre showing a wonderful new exhibition that hasnt been seen anywhere else in Europe yet. Its a collection of Chinese Art called Faces of China thats in Gallery 1 and it some really fascinating paintings and sculptures by leading artists from all over China and the good news is that it is completely free, so dont miss it! So why not go along to the National Art Centre next week for one or all of these great events and you can always pick up a programme and check out all the other performances and exhibitions on offer, or coming soon, on almost every day of the year. Next week well be looking at the Museum of Science

Q17

Q18 Q19

Q20

Vocabulary: - spotlight [noun]: đèn sân khấu Meaning: a light with a single, very bright beam that can be directed at a particular place or person - facility [noun]: trang thiết bị Meaning: buildings, services, equipment, etc. that are provided for a particular purpose - venue [noun]: nơi gặp gỡ Meaning: a place where people meet for an organized event, for example a concert, sporting event or conference - in the heart of the city [noun phrase]: trung tâm thành phố Meaning: The city centre

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Exercise 12: 25. reading 26. CD 27. workbooks

28. timetable/ schedule 29. alarm 30. email/ emails

Transcript PAM:

JUN: PAM: JUN:

PAM:

JUN:

PAM:

JUN: PAM:

JUN:

Now, what about the computers? I think it might be a good idea to install some new models. They would take up a lot less room and so that would increase the work space for text books and so on. That would be great. It is a bit cramped in there at times. What about other resources? Do you have a list of things that the students would like to see improved? Yes, one of the comments that students frequently make is that they find if difficult to find materials that are appropriate for their level, especially reading resources. So I think we need to label them more clearly. We thats easy enough, we can get that organised very quickly. In fact I think we should review all of the study resources as some of them are looking a bit out-of-date. Definitely. The CD section especially needs to be more current. I think we should get some of the ones that go with our latest course books and also make multiple copies. Good, now I was also thinking about some different materials that we havent got in there at all. What do you think of the idea of introducing some workbooks? If we break them up into separate pages and laminate them, theyd be a great resource. The students could study the main course book in class and then do follow-up practice in the Self-Access Centre. That sounds good. Okay, now finally we need to think about how the room is used. Ill have to talk to the teachers and make sure we can all reach some agreement on a timetable to supervise the centre after class. But we also need to think about security, too. Especially if were going to invest in some new equipment. What about putting in an alarm?

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Q25

Q26

Q27

Q28

Q29

398

PAM:

JUN: PAM:

Good idea. The other thing Id like to do is talk to our technicians and see whether we could somehow limit the access to email. I really dont want to see that resource misused. What about if we agree to only use it before and after class? Yes, that would be fine. OK, anyway thats great for now. Well discuss it further when weve managed to

Q30

Vocabulary: - install [verb]: lắp đặt Meaning: to fix equipment or furniture into position so that it can be used - model [noun]: mẫu Meaning: a copy of something, usually smaller than the original object - cramped [adjective]: chật chội Meaning: not having room to move freely - latest [adjective]: mới nhất Meaning: newest - multiple [adjective]: đa/nhiều Meaning: many/a lot - laminate [verb]: làm mỏng Meaning: to make something thinner - supervise [verb]: quan sát/giám sát Meaning: to be in charge of somebody/something and make sure that everything is done correctly, safely, etc

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Exercise 13: 27. media room 28. resources room

29. ambassy 30. statistics

Transcript JULIE:

TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR:

We need to think about what to prepare Dr White said he wanted us to use plenty of visuals and things and we might as well try them out when were not being assessed Well, the most important thing is the overhead projector No problemwell get that from the media room must remember to book it Well well need a map of course. Probably two one of the islands large scale. And one of West Africa. Well, the West African one is no problem Theres one in the Resources Room. Oh yeah, of course, the resources room; the islands are going to be more of a problem. Tell you what theres a very clear map of Santiago in that tourist brochure I showed you last week. Dont you remember it? Oh yeah thats right; we can just use the tourist brochure. We also need statistics on several different things. Literacy rates. Yes, and school places. How about the encyclopaedia? Nah not up-to-date enough! Mmm why dont we call the embassy? Oh someones enthusiastic! Well if somethings worth doing I know.., its worth doing well OK. We can find out statistics on school places from them as well. Might as well. Look, Julie, its almost time for our tutorials we can meet again on Monday but we need to prepare some stuff before then

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Vocabulary: - visuals [noun]: các thứ đẹp đẽ Meaning: something looks beautiful - projector [noun]: máy chiếu Meaning: a piece of equipment for projecting photographs, films/movies or computer slides onto a screen - tourist brochure [noun]: cẩm nang du lịch Meaning: a glossary of places of interest - Literacy [noun]: sự biết đọc biết viết Meaning: the ability to read and write - encyclopaedia [noun]: sách bách khoa toàn thư - up-to-date [adjective]: cập nhật Meaning: newest - embassy [noun]: đại sứ quán Meaning: a group of officials led by an ambassador who represent their government in a foreign country. - enthusiastic [adjective]: nhiệt tình Meaning: feeling or showing a lot somebody/something

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401

Exercise 14: 34. water 35 + 36: meat / cheese 37. 5th / new taste

38. common 39. bitterness 40. minerals

Transcript So what exactly is MSG? Well, Monosodium Glutamate contains seventy-eight point two per cent glutamate, twelve point two per cent sodium and nine point six per cent water. Glutamate is an amino acid that can be found naturally in all protein-containing foods, erm, so this includes food such as meat and cheese . It is widely known that Chinese and Japanese food contains MSG but many people dont seem to be aware that it is also used in foods in other parts of the world. For example it is found in commercially made Italian pizzas, in American fast food and in Britain MSG is used in things like potato crisps. So, how exactly does MSG work? Well, in the Western world, we commonly talk of four tastes, and Im sure youre all familiar with the concepts of sweet, sour, bitter and salt. Well, in 1908, Kikunae Ikeda identified a fifth taste. And it is thought that MSG intensifies this naturally occurring taste in some food. It does make perfect evolutionary sense that we should have the ability to detect or taste glutamate because it is the amino acid which is most common in natural foods. John Prescott, an associate professor at the University of Chicago, suggests that this fifth taste serves a purpose just as the other tastes do. He suggests that it signals to us the presence of protein in food, in the same way that sweetness indicates that a food contains energy-giving carbohydrates. Bitterness, he says, alerts us of toxins in the food, while sourness warns us of spoilage and saltiness signals the presence of minerals. So, what else do we know about this fifth taste

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Vocabulary: - intensify [verb]: tăng cường, gia tăng Meaning: to increase in degree or strength; to make something increase in degree or strength - evolutionary [adjective]: có tính cách mạng hóa Meaning: connected with gradual development and change - detect [verb]: tìm tòi/khám phá Meaning: to discover or notice something, especially something that is not easy to see, hear, etc. - indicate [verb]: chỉ ra Meaning: to show - Bitterness [noun]: vị đắng - spoilage [noun]: sự hỏng Meaning: the decay of food which means that it can no longer be used

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Exercise 15: 21. attitude[s] 22. gender/ sex 23. creativity / creativeness

Transcript TUTOR:

PHILIP:

TUTOR: PHILIP:

TUTOR: PHILIP:

Well, youve both been looking at different styles of managing individuals in companies and the workplace. How's the research going, Philip? Well, Ive been looking at why individualism, I mean individual differences, are such an important area of management studies. When you think about any organization, be it a family business or a multinational company, they are all fundamentally a group of people working together. But it's what these individuals contribute to their places of work that makes you realize how important they are. Of course they bring different ideas, but its also their attitudes and their experiences of learning. Diversity Q21 is important in these areas too. So why do people behave so differently from one another at work? There are lots of reasons but research has shown a lot of it comes down to personality. And the other factor is gender . It's a well - Q22 known fact that men and women do lots of things in different ways, and the workplace is no different. Did you look at the effects of this variation on companies? Yes, I did. On the positive side, exposure to such diversity helps encourage creativity which is generally an asset to a company. Q23 But unfortunately individual differences are also the root of conflict between staff and they can lead to difficulties for management, which can sometimes be serious.

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Vocabulary: - individualism [noun]: chủ nghĩa cá nhân Meaning: the quality of being different from other people and doing things in your own way - fundamentally [adverb]: một cách có nền tảng Meaning: in every way that is important; completely - contribute [verb]: đóng góp Meaning: to give something, especially money or goods, to help somebody/something - Diversity [noun]: sự đa dạng Meaning: a range of many people or things that are very different from each other - variation [noun]: sự thay đổi Meaning: a change, especially in the amount or level of something - asset [noun]: phẩm chất/tài năng Meaning: a person or thing that is valuable or useful to somebody/something - conflict [noun]: sự xung đột Meaning: a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument

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Exercise 16: 31. 29,000 years 32. southern / south Europe 33. water 34. minerals 35. white gold

36. china stone 37. cooling [down] 38. windows 39. volcanic ash 40. harbours

Transcript Hi everyone today Im going to be talking about the origins of ceramics. So, first of all, lets start off with what is a ceramic? Well, generally speaking, ceramics are what you get when you apply heat to certain inorganic, non-metallic solids and then allow them to cool. And examples of ceramics are everyday things like earthenware pots, crockery, glassware and even concrete. So how did it begin? Well it all started around 29,000 years ago when humans discovered that if you dig up some soft day from the ground, mould it into a shape and then heat it up to a very high temperature, when it cools the clay has been transformed into something hard and rigid. And so what did those first humans do with their discovery? Well they created figurines which were small statues and which depicted animals or gods or any shape that the clay could be moulded into. And all this activity was centred around southern Europe where there is also evidence of ceramics that were created much later. The early humans also found a practical use for their discovery, such as storing things like grains although there were drawbacks. The pots were porous so that, although they could carry water in them, it wasnt possible to store it over a long period. And also, they were quite brittle and shattered very easily if they were dropped. But despite these problems, it was many thousands of years before there were any improvements. In China at around 200 BC, they discovered that by adding minerals to the clay they could improve both the appearance and the strength of the ceramics. But it took nearly a thousand years before they perfected the process to produce high-quality ceramics known as porcelain. And once they had perfected the process, they kept it a secret for another thousand years!

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It wasnt until the 18th century that the secret began to unravel. A German alchemist called Johann Friedrich Bottger was asked by the king to make gold out of lead. Unfortunately, Bottger failed to achieve this and soon gave up, but in order to please the king he attempted to make high-quality porcelain. And after many years of experimentation, he discovered that by adding quartz and a material called China stone to very high-quality clay he managed to get the same results that the Chinese had been achieving for the last 1000 years. Well now look at another ceramic which is made from mixing sand with minerals and heating to over 600 degrees Celsius. When this mixture cools the result is of course glass. The main difference between ceramics made from clay and glass is that clay is made up of crystalline plates which become locked together in the cooling process whereas glass cools too quickly for crystals to form. Apart from that, the process of heating up naturally occurring materials to transform them is the same. The origins of glass date back to 3500 BC but it wasnt until the Roman Empire, 2000 years ago, that the art of glass-blowing and the practical users of glass became more widespread. One of the more innovative uses was to use it in windows as, up until then, they had just been holes in walls. It must have been very draughty in those days! The Romans were also responsible for inventing concrete. And although the origins are uncertain, experts think that this is largely due to the high level of volcanic activity in the area. The Romans observed that, when volcanic ash mixes with water and then cools, it gets extremely hard and almost impossible to break up. The chemical reaction that follows is very complex and continues for many years, and the concrete just keeps getting harder. Evidence of this is the numerous Roman remains that are still standing, many of which are almost completely intact. One of the most important facts about concrete for the romans was that it can be created underwater. As the Roman Empire grew, the Romans needed to take control of the seas and for this they needed to build harbours capable of holding a fleet of ships. Pouring concrete mixture into the sea immediately started the hardening process and rather than just dissolving in the mass of water, the substance was tough and long-lasting. This strange characteristic of concrete made a significant contribution to the success of the Roman Empire.

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Vocabulary: - ceramics [noun]: đồ gốm sứ Meaning: a pot or other object made of clay that has been made permanently hard by heat - apply [verb]: áp dụng Meaning: to make a formal request, usually in writing, for something such as a job, a place at college, university, etc. - inorganic [adjective]: nhân tạo Meaning: not consisting of or coming from any living substances - non-metallic [adjective]: không chứa kim loại - earthenware pot [noun]: bình bằng đất nung Meaning: an object or objects made of very hard baked clay - crockery [noun]: đồ bằng sành Meaning: plates, cups, dishes, etc. - glassware [noun]: đồ thủy tinh - mould [verb]: đúc khuôn Meaning: to shape something - rigid [adjective]: cứng Meaning: hard - figurine [noun]: tượng trang trí nhỏ Meaning: a small statue of a person or an animal used as a decorative object - depict [verb]: vẽ, lột tả Meaning: to show an image of somebody/something in a picture

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- drawback [adjective]: khó khăn, bất lợi Meaning: the disadvantage - porous [adjective]: xốp Meaning: aving many small holes that allow water or air to pass through slowly - brittle [adjective]: giòn Meaning: hard but easily broken - shattered [adjective]: mệt mỏi Meaning: tired - high-quality [adjective]: chất lượng cao - porcelain [noun]: sứ Meaning: a hard white shiny substance made by baking clay and used for making delicate cups, plates and decorative objects; objects that are made of this - merchandise [noun]: hàng hóa Meaning: the good - It wasnt until [phrase]: mãi cho đến khi - unravel [verb]: tháo gỡ Meaning: to separate something - draughty [adjective]: có gió lùa Meaning: uncomfortable because cold air is blowing through - dissolve [verb]: giải quyết Meaning: to solve

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Exercise 17: 31. supportive 32. pay attention 33. next steps 34. consistent 35. graphics

36. tone 37. [a] silence/ silences 38. weak verbs 39. repeat it 40. predicting

Transcript Hello everyone. You've all been given an assignment for your Sociology course which will involve giving a presentation to the rest of the group. And so, today, Im going to be giving you a few tips on how to prepare your presentations. This should help you with your current assignment but a lot of the principles Ill be putting across will be general principles which will, of course, help you with all your future presentations. So first of all, the most important thing to consider is your audience and in this instance, your audience are the other students in your group. There are three points to bear in mind. Firstly, you need to ask yourself what they need to know; secondly, its useful to consider whether they'll be supportive or not; and thirdly will it be a small group, say three or four, a moderate gathering of twenty or so people [as for your current assignment] or will there be hundreds of people? [pause] Having said all that, what Im about to tell you will apply equally to any audience. So how do you structure your presentation? Right at the beginning, you should tell them something that forces them to pay attention. This could be something surprising or even shocking but it needs to be relevant! After that, you need a list of items or topics showing them what you'll be covering rather like an agenda and then the main part of the presentation will follow. This main part will be the detailed information you'll be presenting and could include facts, statistics, personal experiences, etc. After this you should summarise what you've presented and close with what I call next steps. For this assignment, you could simply point the group to other Sociology reference material. In other cases, you may want to suggest some actions that people can take. Now - what about the design of the slides for your laptop? Well the important thing here is to be consistent. You need to have the same type of font and use the same

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colour and size for the same elements. For example, all headers need to look the same, all bullet points need to be presented in the same way. And dont just stick to words. Bring the presentation to life by adding graphics. These could be in several forms such as pictures, flow-charts, diagrams, histograms and so on. And so lets move on now to presenting. You have your presentation prepared and youre ready to start. Well its important to give a good impression from the start. So take three deep breaths, look at the audience, no matter how frightening they may be, and be enthusiastic and energetic. As you go through the presentation remember to provide some variety in the way you speak. So, for example, you can talk fairly rapidly for information that may be familiar, but then slow down for more unfamiliar sections. And change your tone as you speak dont keep it at the same level all the way through. As I mentioned, look at your audience. Er, a good tip is to pick people out and look at them for around five seconds. Not looking at the audience gives the impression that you're either not interested in them or terrified of them. Looking too long at one particular person may make them feel rather uncomfortable. There may be points in your presentation that you want your audience to really absorb and in order to make important points stand out you may consider adding silence right after these. It will give people time to reflect on what you've just said. Also you may be presenting complicated ideas or technical details but try to keep everything as simple as possible. Use simple words and as few as possible. And be clear. If you say something like this appears to be, it implies uncertainty. So using weak verbs such as appears, seems, could be, etc. needs to be avoided. I'll just finish off with a few thoughts on questions and interruptions from the audience. You may choose to invite questions should be encouraged. It provides you with some feedback on how interested the audience is and how well theyre understanding you. When a question is asked you need to provide an answer that is as accurate as possible. So initially, my tip is to repeat it. This will ensure you have heard it correctly and will give you a few seconds to gather your thoughts. Interruptions, on the other hand, can be unwelcome and you may get them for a variety of reasons. It is likely, however, that theres something in your presentation that's unclear confusing. So my advice is to reduce problems by reading through your presentation beforehand and predicting potential points which could cause interruptions. You may then want to change that part of your presentation or, at least, you will be prepared if someone does interrupt you. Now, do you have any questions....

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Vocabulary: - principle [noun]: quy tắc Meaning: a moral rule or a strong belief that influences your actions - force [verb]: cưỡng chế, bắt - agenda [noun]: chương trình nghị sự Meaning: a list of items to be discussed at a meeting - consistent [adjective]: kiên định Meaning: always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards, etc. - stick to [verb]: gắn với, dính với Meaning: to continue doing something despite difficulties - familiar [adjective]: thân thuộc Meaning: well known to you; often seen or heard and therefore easy to recognize - terrified [adjective]: hoảng sợ Meaning: very frightened - absorb [verb]: tiếp thu Meaning: to take something into the mind and learn or understand it - interruption [noun]: sự ngắt quãng Meaning: something that temporarily stops an activity or a situation; a time when an activity is stopped

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Exercise 18: 31. food 32. hero 33. feathers 34. shells 35. diamond

36. shark 37. teeth 38. messages 39. meeting 40. escape

Transcript Well, good morning everyone. As you know, weve been looking at different kinds of art and craft that were practised by the Maori people of New Zealand - at least before the Europeans began to arrive in the 18th century. So, the focus of this lecture is kite making; how the kites were made, their appearance and the purposes they served. Well, let's start with the way they were made. As with other Maori artistic traditions, kite-making involved certain rituals. So, firstly, only priests were allowed to fly and handle the largest, most sacred kites. There were rules, too, for the size and scale of the kites that the priests had to follow, and during the preparation of both small and large kites, food was strictly forbidden. In terms of appearance, kites were frequently designed in the image of a native bird, or a Maori god, and sometimes, perhaps less often, a well-known hero. You can imagine that when Maori first arrived in the new country, in New Zealand, it may have taken some time to find suitable materials for their kites but through trial and error no doubt, they found plants and trees that provided bark and even roots that they could use to make the frames and wings of their kites. And after the frame had been constructed, the kite then had to be decorated. For this the priests used long grasses, and these when the kite was in the air would stream along behind it. They also used a variety of feathers to add, um, colour to their creations. Well, all this meant it was easy to see a kite in the sky but you could also ear Maori kites. They could be quite noisy indeed, and this was because some priests liked to hang a long row of shells from the kite. You can imagine how theyd rattle and clatter in the wind - how they might completely capture your attention. As I said before, the most common image was probably a bird, and thats the same for other kite-making cultures, but the kites were designed in particular shapes so there were kites that were triangular, rectangular and also shaped like a diamond. And some of them

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were so large, it would actually require several men to operate them. Um, some of the kites were also covered in patterns, and to make these patterns, the Maori used different pigments of red and black, and these were either made from a charcoal base or from red-brown clay which had been combined with oil obtained from a local species of shark. Now, before I forget, if you have a chance, do visit the Auckland Museum because they have the last surviving birdman kite on display. This is the kind of kite that has a wooden mask at the top of the frame its a mask of a human head - and you can clearly see it has a tattoo and also a set of teeth. Quite impressive - and a good example of Maori craftsmanship and symbolism. Right, turning to the purpose and function of the kites, they certainly had multiple uses. Primarily, the flying of kites was a_ way of communicating with the gods and when the kites rose into the air, the Maori used them to deliver messages perhaps requesting a good harvest, good fortune in war, a successful hunting expedition. So, these kites were incredibly valuable to a community - treasured objects that one generation would pass to the next. People would also fly kites for other reasons, for example, to attract the attention of a neighbouring village. This_ was done when a meeting was required between Maori elders a convenient method, indeed. And finally, when it comes to war, there are traditional stories that describe how when a Maori warrior found himself surrounded by his enemies, a kite could actually provide the possibility of escape the kites were powerful enough to take a man up into the air; and for this reason, they could also be used to lower him into enemy fortifications so that an attack could begin from the inside. Well, Im happy to say there seems to be a revival and growing interest in kite-making, and...

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Vocabulary: - craft [noun]: đồ thủ công Meaning: an activity involving a special skill at making things with your hand - ritual [noun]: nghi lễ Meaning: a series of actions that are always performed in the same way, especially as part of a religious ceremony - priest [noun]: giáo sĩ Meaning: a person who is qualified to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox Churches - handle [verb]: giải quyết Meaning: to solve - sacred [adjective]: linh thiêng Meaning: connected with God or a god; considered to be holy - forbidden [verb]: cấm Meaning: not allowed - frame [noun]: cái khung Meaning: a strong border or structure of wood, metal, etc. that holds a picture, door, piece of glass, etc. in position - stream [noun]: dòng Meaning: a small narrow river - feather [noun]: lông vũ Meaning: one of the many soft light parts covering a birds body - rattle [verb] and clatter: kêu lạch cạch Meaning: to make a series of short loud sounds when hitting against something hard; to make something do this

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- capture [verb]: chộp được Meaning: to catch a person or an animal and keep them as a prisoner or in a confined space - pigment [noun]: chất tạo màu Meaning: a substance that exists naturally in people, animals and plants and gives their skin, leaves, etc. a particular colour - expedition [noun]: hành trình Meaning: an organized journey with a particular purpose, especially to find out about a place that is not well known - warrior [noun]: chiến binh, chiến sĩ Meaning: a person who fights in a battle or war - enemy [noun]: kẻ thù Meaning: a person who hates somebody or who acts or speaks against somebody/something - fortification [noun]: sự củng cố Meaning: a tower, wall, gun position, etc. built to defend a place against attack - revival [noun]: sự hồi phục Meaning: revival

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Exercise 19: 31. religion[s] 32. nature 33. flight 34. stars 35. practical

36. education 37. king 38. entertainment 39. opera 40. electricity

Transcript An interesting aspect of fireworks is that their history tells us a lot about the changing roles of scientists and technicians in Europe. Fireworks were introduced from China in the 13th century. Up to the 16th century they were generally used for military purposes, with rockets and fire tubes being thrown at the enemy, but they were also sometimes a feature of plays and festivals where their chief purpose was related to religion. By the 17th century, the rulers of Europe had started using fireworks as a way of marking royal occasions. Technicians were employed to stage spectacular shows which displayed aspects of nature, with representations of the sun, snow and rain. These shows were designed for the enjoyment of the nobility and to impress ordinary people. But fireworks also aroused the interest of scientists, who started to think of new uses for them. After seeing one firework display where a model of a dragon was propelled along a rope by rockets, scientists thought that in a similar way, humans might be able to achieve flight - a dream of many scientists at the time. Other scientists, such as the chemist Robert Boyle, noticed how in displays one firework might actually light another, and it occurred to him that fireworks might provide an effective way of demonstrating how stars were formed. Scientists at the time often depended on the royal courts for patronage, but there was considerable variation in the relationships between the courts and scientists in different countries. This was reflected in attitudes towards fireworks and the purposes for which they were used. In London in the middle of the 17th century there was general distrust of fireworks among scientists. However, later in the century scientists and technicians started to look at the practical purposes for which fireworks might be employed, such as using rockets to help sailors establish their position at sea. It was a different story in Russia, where the St Petersburg Academy of Science played

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a key role in creating fireworks displays for the court. Here, those in power regarded fireworks as being an important element in the education of the masses, and the displays often included a scientific message. Members of the Academy hoped that this might encourage the Royal Family to keep the Academy open at a time when many in the government were considering closing it. In Paris, the situation was different again. The Paris Academy of Sciences played no role in staging fireworks displays. Instead the task fell to members of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. As in Russia, the work of the technicians who created the fireworks was given little attention. Instead, the fireworks and the spectacle they created were all designed to encourage the public to believe in the supreme authority of the king. However, science was also enormously popular among the French nobility, and fashionable society flocked to demonstrations such as Nicolas Lemery's display representing an erupting volcano. The purpose of scientists was basically to offer entertainment to fashionable society, and academicians delighted in amazing audiences with demonstrations of the universal laws of nature. [pause] In the course of the 18th century, the circulation of skills and technical exchange led to further developments. Fireworks specialists from Italy began to travel around Europe staging displays for many of the European courts. The architect and stage designer Giovanni Servandoni composed grand displays in Paris, featuring colourfully painted temples and triumphal arches. A fireworks display staged by Servandoni would be Structured in the same way as an opera, and was even divided into separate acts. Iralian fireworks specialists were also invited to perform in London, St Petersburg and Moscow. As these specialists circulated around Europe, they sought to exploit the appeal of fireworks for a wider audience, including the growing middle classes. As in the previous century, fireworks provided resources for demonstrating scientific laws and theories, as well as new discoveries, and displays now showed a fascinated public the curious phenomenon of electricity. By the mid-18th century, fireworks were being sold for private consumption. So the history of fireworks shows us the diverse relationships which existed between scientists, technicians and the rest of society

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Vocabulary: - firework [noun]: pháo hoa Meaning: a small device containing powder that burns or explodes and produces bright coloured lights and loud noises, used especially at celebrations - nobility [noun]: sự cao quý Meaning: people of high social position - arouse [verb]: khơi gợi Meaning: to make somebody have a particular feeling or attitude - patronage [noun]: sự hỗ trợ Meaning: the support, especially financial, that is given to a person or an organization

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Exercise 20: 31. hook 32. string 33. danger 34. rubber 35. light

36. intelligence 37. tail[s] 38. energy 39. chemical 40. diet

Transcript Im going to talk today about research into a particular species of bird, the New Caledonian crow, whose natural habitat is small islands in the Pacific Ocean. And it seems that these Crows are exceptionally resourceful. Using sticks or other tools to find food isnt unknown among birds and animals. Some chimpanzees, for example, are known to bang nuts on stones, in order to break the shell and get at the edible kernel inside. One New Caledonian crow, called Betty, bent some straight wire into a hook and used it to lift a small bucket of her favourite food from a vertical pipe. This experiment was the first time she'd been presented with wire, which makes it very impressive. Another crow, called Barney, has demonstrated his skill at using sticks to forage for food. In one research project, scientists from New Zealand and Oxford set captive New Caledonian crows a three-stage problem: if they wanted to extract food from a hole, the crows first had to pull up a string to get a short stick, then use that short stick to remove a long stick from a toolbox, and finally use the long stick to reach the food. Amazingly, they worked out how to do this successfully. Further experiments carried out at Oxford suggest that crows can also use sticks as tools to inspect all sorts of objects, possibly to assess whether or not they present a danger. The idea for the experiment came from observing the birds using tools to pick at random objects, such as a picture of a spider that was printed on some cloth. In this research, five pairs of crows including Barney underwent tests to see how they would react to a variety of objects, which were carefully chosen so the birds wouldn't be tempted to view them as a possible source of food. As a further precaution, all the crows had been fed beforehand. On eight occasions, a birds first contact was by using a tool. In all three trials, Barney began by using a stick for inspection. One involved a rubber snake. First he approached it, but didn't touch it, then retreated to pick up a stick. He then prodded

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it with the suck. After some more investigation, he discarded the stick and carried on pecking at the snake more confidently apparently convinced that it wouldnt move. In other experiments, two different birds, called Pierre and Corbeau, also made a first approach with tools on three Separate occasions. Pierre used a short piece of woodchip to touch a light which was flashing, and Corbeau was seen prodding a metal toad with a stick. Significantly, the crows tended to use the sticks only to make their first contact with the object. Subsequently, they either ignored the object or dropped the tool and pecked at the object which is very different from using the tool to get access to food. [pause] So what conclusions can be drawn from the research? Evidence is building up from experiments such as these that the birds are able to plan their actions in advance, which is very interesting for understanding their cognition. They dont seem to be responding in a pre-programmed sort of way: i1 may even be possible that theyre able to view a problem and work out what the answer is. However, a major difficulty intelligence. To some extent, this is related to the ecological circumstances in which the animal is found. So scientists want to find out much more about how the crows behave in their native habitat, and a team from Exeter and Oxford universities is carrying out research in New Caledonia. They're looking into whether the birds way of searching for food gives them any possible evolutionary advantage. The birds are hard to observe, as they live in a region of mountainous forest, so the researchers have attached tiny cameras to the tails of some birds, as one method of investigating their behaviour. The birds are masters at using sticks to find their food, in particular beetle larvae from the trees. Its possible that the birds can derive so much energy from these grubs that they only need to cat a few each day. This would mean that they wouldnt have to spend most of their waking time searching for food, as most animals do. The beetle larvae have a distinct chemical make-up, which can be traced through the feathers and blood of birds that eat them. Scientists have collected samples from crows in order to estimate the proportion of larvae in their diet. They should then be able to gauge the extent to which individual birds depend on using sticks to feed themselves. We've learnt a great deal about the ability of New Caledonian Crows to use tools, and some very interesting research is being carried out into them.

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Q36

Q37 Q38

Q39 Q40

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Vocabulary: - chimpanzee [noun]: con tinh tinh Meaning: a small intelligent African ape - kernel [noun]: nhân, lõi Meaning: kernel - forage [noun]: rơm, cỏ

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DẠNG 7:

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Exercise 1: 1. C 2. C

Transcript John: Sam:

John: Sam: John: Sam:

John: Sam: John:

Sam:

Where shall we eat tonight? Well, there are plenty of options. The guide says this city has hundreds of restaurants. What kind of food would you like to have, John? Well, I quite like seafood. Theres The Captains Table on Firth Street. The guide gives it four stars. I dont know The hotel receptionist told me the service is slow. But if you like seafood, there are a couple more places in the guide. Ah, yes...Mangans or Joes Cafe. What about those, Sam? Mangans could be a good option. Its nicer than Joes Cafe, and Q1 there are fantastic views as well. Wed probably pay a bit extra Joes Cafe is much cheaper. But were on holiday; I think we should splash out! That sounds great! Oh, no. Hold on. Its closed tonight. What a shame! Shall we go to Joes Cafe, then? Yes, I suppose well have to. Ill give them a call and book a table. Can I use your phone? Q2 Ah, er...no. Sorry. Ive left my phone in the hotel. We can ask the receptionist to do it. Lets go back now and sort it out. We can get changed and have a drink before dinner if you like. OK, good idea.

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Vocabulary: - seafood [noun]: hải sản Meaning: fish and sea creatures that can be eaten, especially shellfish - receptionist [noun]: nhân viên tiếp tân Meaning: a person whose job is to deal with people arriving at or telephoning a hotel, an office building, a doctors surgery, etc. - splash out [phrasal verb]: Dành tiền vào cái gì đó Meaning: to spend a lot of money on something

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Exercise 2: 5. A 6. B

Transcript Tourist: Can I also ask you about the museum in the main square? I was reading about it in my guide book and was shocked to see that the entrance price is £10. Why does it cost so much? Tourist office assistant: Well, the museum has the largest collection of Latin American art in Europe. People come from all over the world to see it. But thats not the reason why its so expensive to get in. You see, the building is very old and it needs repairs. The £10 ticket cost will go towards repairing the roof and Q5 walls. Tourist: I see. Well, I suppose its worth paying £10 to see the collection. TOA: Yes, I think so too. Is there anything else I can help you with? Tourist: Actually, there is. I was wondering if you knew of any good restaurants in the area. TOA: Well, there are a few restaurants near the harbour, and a couple on the beach which are nice. The problem is that the smell of the fish market is quite strong down there. Tourist: Mm, I dont think my girlfriend would be very pleased. TOA: I I know what you mean - its not very romantic, is it? My advice would be to go to the next town. Its bigger, and the restaurant selection is wider. You Q6 can get there by taxi and it only takes about ten minutes. The town is quite picturesque...Is it for a special occasion? Tourist: Yes, its my girlfriends birthday so Id like to go somewhere special. Um, do you know any of these restaurants well enough to tell me about them?

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Vocabulary: - entrance [noun]: Sự đi vào Meaning: a door, gate, passage, etc. used for entering a room, building or place - suppose [verb]: Cho là; tin rằng; nghĩ rằng Meaning: to think or believe that something is true or possible [based on the knowledge that you have] - harbour [noun]: Bến tàu, cảng Meaning: an area of water on the coast, protected from the open sea by strong walls, where ships can shelter - romantic [adj]: Lãng mạn Meaning: beautiful in a way that makes you think of love or feel strong emotions - picturesque [adj]: Đẹp, gây ấn tượng mạnh [phong cảnh, người...] Meaning: [of a place, building, scene, etc.] pretty, especially in a way that looks old-fashioned

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Exercise 3: 1+2: A, B

Transcript Lecturer: In Victorian times, the upper classes made up less than three per cent of the entire population of Britain, yet this class held more than ninety per cent of the countrys wealth. This shows the massive gap there was between rich and poor, a gap which has shrunk considerably in the last century. Today were going to look at the wide differences in family life between rich and poor in Victorian times. Lets begin with the upper classes. The upper classes of the Victorian period were generally the nobility or the clergy. Most of their servants were very poorly paid, but were always accommodated within the homes of upper-class Victorian families, so they didnt have to pay for accommodation, food and often clothing. The money which they did earn, they normally sent home to their families. Many Victorian servants came from the countryside, where the effects of the industrial revolution had resulted in job losses. Amongst these servants were cooks, housemaids, stable hands, and butlers. The family would also employ a nanny, who although employed by the family, was not traditionally seen as a servant. A nannys primary role was to care for the children. She was responsible for teaching the children how to behave, looking after them when they were ill, and instilling discipline into them. Nannies did not, however, educate the children. Generally, children from wealthy families did not attend school outside the family home. Tutors would come to the house to do this, and although occasion mothers taught their children to read and fathers gave their children some instruction in Latin, this was not a common occurrence.

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Q1

Q2

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Vocabulary: - wealth [noun]: Sự giàu có, sự giàu sang Meaning: a large amount of money, property, etc. that a person or country owns - massive [adj] : To lớn, đồ sộ; chắc nặng Meaning: very large, heavy and solid - shrunk [verb]: Co lại, rút lại, ngắn lại Meaning: to become or to make something smaller in size or amount - nobility [noun] : Tính cao quý, tính cao thượng, tính cao nhã, tính thanh cao Meaning: people of high social position who have titles such as that of duke or duchess - clergy [noun]: Giới tăng lữ; tăng lữ Meaning: the priests or ministers of a religion, especially of the Christian Church - servant [noun]: Người hầu, người đầy tớ, người ở Meaning: a person who works in another persons house, and cooks, cleans, etc. for them - accommodation [noun]: chỗ ăn chỗ ở Meaning: a place to live, work or stay in - revolution [noun]: Cuộc cách mạng Meaning: an attempt, by a large number of people, to change the government of a country, especially by violent action - housemaid [noun]: Chị hầu phòng Meaning: a female servant in a large house who cleans the rooms, etc. and often lives there - butler [noun]: Quản gia Meaning: the main male servant in a large house - nanny [noun]: Người giữ trẻ, bà vú, vú em Meaning: a woman whose job is to take care of young children in the childrens own home - discipline [noun]: Kỷ luật Meaning: the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the controlled behaviour or situation that results from this training

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428

Exercise 4: 1. B 2. B

3. A 4. B

Transcript Reviewer: Welcome to the latest episode of Film Finest with me, Liz ODonnell. The film Ill be reviewing in this episode are What Happens in the Night,the new horror film by acclaimed director Jan de Neiburg, and Happy as Larry, a new romance comedy starring Harrison Wyatt and Sonya Smith. Lets start with What Happens in the Night, Set in a convent school in the 1950s, this film tells the story of two boys who are haunted by apparitions of monks. The film has the feel of a comic book as its shot in black and white with occasional shots of vivid colour. De Neiburg, the director, said he wanted some elements to stand out and he has used colour to do it. I would say quite effectively. He claims his inspiration for the film is his own experiences growing up in 1950s Liverpool. [Q1] A believer in ghosts himself, he thought he saw ghosts in his school years. Ghosts or not, this film is certainly haunting. What happens in the Night is a film that will scare you. I wouldnt say its the best horror film to come out this year, but its certainly shot beautifully,[Q2] and its not hard to follow. So, unlike some recent horror films, you dont have to sit in dedicated concentration for two hours trying to keep up with a complex plot! An enjoyable film, I would give it four stars. In Happy as Larry, Sonya Smith and Harrison Wyatt play two people who fall in love but cannot be together because of their families. The build-up to the film has certainly been epic, with gossip about both co-star in the papers. Rumour has it htat Smith and Wyatt arent the best of friends. In fact, on the srt they barely spoke to each other![Q3] I have to say, though, this doesnt come across in the film and they look like a great couple. Happy as Larry is a move away from the usual films Sonya makes - she is better known for her roles in action films - but she has shown herself to be a capable comedy actress. However, Im not sure this is the finest film to do it in. Both men and women alike can get something from this film, but the romance angle is overplayed and the laughs are few and far between. if you want romance, this film is fine,[Q4] but if you want comedy, I would recommend seeing something else. I would give it three starts. Now, there are some new video releases which are going to be coming out

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Vocabulary: - episode [noun]: tập phim Meaning: an event, a situation, or a period of time in somebodys life, a novel, etc. that is important or interesting in some way - horror [noun]: Sự khiếp, sự ghê rợn Meaning: a feeling of great shock, fear or disgust - convent [noun]: Nữ tu viện, nhà tu kín Meaning: a building in which nuns [= members of a female religious community] live together - haunt [verb]: Năng lui tới, hay lui tới [nơi nào, người nào] Meaning: to continue to cause problems for somebody for a long time - apparition [noun]: Sự hiện ra, sự xuất hiện Meaning: a ghost or an image of a person who is dead - monk [noun]: Thầy tu, thầy tăng Meaning: a member of a religious group of men who often live apart from other people in a monastery and who do not marry or have personal possessions - vivid [adj]: Sống động, mạnh mẽ Meaning: [of memories, a description, etc.] producing very clear pictures in your mind - inspiration [noun]: Sự truyền cảm Meaning: the process that takes place when somebody sees or hears something that causes them to have exciting new ideas or makes them want to create something, especially in art, music or literature

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430

Exercise 5: 1. C 2. B 3. A

4. B 5. C

Transcript Track 09 Right, let me give you a bit more information about the trip. The first part of our journey is from London to Paris, going through the Channel Tunnel. It will take us just over an hour to get to the Tunnel, including a short stop before we get there to pick up some more passengers. From there, itll be another three hours to Paris, so were looking at four hours altogether,[Q1] give or take a few minutes. A quick bit of advice about passports. You wont need these until we get to the Italian border, so I suggest you keep them in the safe which youll find in your cabin. Ask your steward thats the person in charge of your carriage for a key. [Q2] That way, you wont need to carry them with you all the time. Now, meals. As I said earlier, breakfast tomorrow morning will be in your cabins, and this will be served at about 7.30, 7.45, so youll be able to enjoy it as we travel along the southern French coast. Lunch is at 1 oclock in the restaurant car, and dinner is at 8 oclock, although wed like you all to be at your table about fifteen minutes earlier, at a quarter to,[Q3] if you could. When we get to the Italian border tomorrow morning, our train will change engines, and well also be getting a new crew. Well be taking advantage of the stop to have a look around. Ive arranged a visit to the local market, a museum and a castle. [Q4] This will take about four hours, with a break for coffee in a local café, and well be back on the train in time for lunch. A few quick rules. Some of you might have bought your own food or drink on beard. Thats fine, but could we ask that you consume it in your cabins and not in the restaurant or lounge? Could we also ask you to make sure your cabin windows are closed when youre not in your cabin? And whatever you do, dont get off the train until we reach the Italian border.[Q5] Apart from the border and one or two other places, which Ill tell you about, any stops we make will only be for a few minutes. Id hate to leave anyone behind. All right so, moving on from the Italian border, well be heading [fade]

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Vocabulary: - border [noun]: Bờ, mép, biên giới Meaning: the line that divides two countries or areas; the land near this line - steward[noun] : Người phục vụ, chiêu đãi viên Meaning: a man whose job is to take care of passengers on a ship, an aircraft or a train and who brings them meals, etc. - carriage[noun]: Sự chuyên chở hàng hoá; cước chuyên chở hàng hoá Meaning: a separate section of a train for carrying passengers - serve [verb]: Phục vụ, phụng sự, phụ trách, đảm nhiệm Meaning: to give somebody food or drink, for example at a restaurant or during a meal - crew[noun]: Toàn bộ thuỷ thủ trên tàu; toàn bộ người lái và nhân viên trên máy bay Meaning: all the people working on a ship, plane, etc. - lounge[noun]: Buồng đợi, phòng khách, phòng ngồi chơi Meaning: a room for waiting in at an airport, etc.

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432

Exercise 6: 1-2-3: B, C, F 4. C

5. C 6. A

Transcript Guide: Thank you for coming along to the Cultural Sydney talk. Im going to start by telling you about the Yellow Plaque scheme, which has been running in Sydney for over forty years and has been incredibly successful. When you are walking around the city, you'll see some buildings with a small round yellow plaque on them. If you take a closer look, you'll see the name and details of a famous person who lived in that very place. We have, at present, 130 plaques up in the city. The scheme has been great for tourism, but it was really started to raise awareness of the rich history of Sydney, both locally and nationally, and we think we've managed to do this [Q1]. We also wanted to make people aware of the impressive list of important people who have lived in this city, and we've certainly achieved that [Q2]. But that's not all. Although not part of our original aims, the scheme has also helped preserve some of the older and more important buildings in Sydney because people now know that these buildings are a link to our past; some of the buildings are actually over 180 years old, which, for Australia, is ancient! We actually think that this is where the scheme has achieved the most success; in raising the profile of our rich history. [Q3]Of course, it has helped tourism, but not only that, locals also walk around looking at the plaques. It has been really wonderful in highlighting our past. Some people are quite surprised to see who has lived here; take Errol Flynn for example. He was married in Sydney. We are planning on putting more plaques up and a common question is how can people nominate a figure to be put on a plaque. It's quite a simple process. Applications can be downloaded from our website. If you want to nominate someone for a plaque you just need the person's name, where they lived and you need three signatures to approve your application.[Q4] Our panel then checks that all the data you've submitted is correct and hopefully, within a year a new plaque will be erected. But you can't nominate just anyone! A plaque can only be given to a person who is famous and has achieved something out of the ordinary, like an important politician or world-record breaking sportsman, for example. [Q5]We aim to have fifty new plaques up within the next three years, and we have plenty of funding to do so. Our funding comes from three sources: the local council, community donations and the tourist board. Whereas in the past the tourist board put in the majority of funding, now public donations count for sixty-five per cent of all total funds![Q6] In fact, our funding is so healthy now; there are plans to expand the scheme.

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Vocabulary: - plaque [noun]: Tấm, bản Meaning: a flat piece of stone, metal, etc., usually with a name and dates on, attached to a wall in memory of a person or an event - impressive [adj] : Gây ấn tượng sâu sắc, gây xúc động, gợi cảm Meaning: making you feel admiration, because they are very large, good, skilful, etc. - preserve [verb]: Bảo quản, giữ gìn Meaning: to keep a particular quality, feature, etc.; to make sure that something is kept - ancient [adj]: Xưa, cổ Meaning: belonging to a period of history that is thousands of years in the past - nominate [verb]: Chỉ định, chọn, bổ nhiệm Meaning: to formally suggest that somebody should be chosen for an important role, prize, position, etc. - signature [noun]: Chữ ký Meaning: your name as you usually write it, for example at the end of a letter - erect [verb]: Dựng đứng thẳng, đặt đứng thẳng Meaning: in a vertical position - sportsman [noun]: Người thích thể thao, người ham mê thể thao; nhà thể thao, người tham gia thể thao Meaning: a man who plays a lot of sport, especially as a professional - donation [noun]: Sự tặng, sự cho, sự biếu; sự quyên cúng Meaning: something that is given to a person or an organization such as a charity, in order to help them; the act of giving something in this way

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434

Exercise 7: 1-2-3: B, C, D 4-5-6: B, D, E

Transcript Interviewer: So, we have Phyllis Bailey here to talk to us about fame. Her new book, Famous for Fifteen Minutes is coming out on Monday. So Phyllis, welcome. What do you think fame means to us these days? Phyllis: Well, famous people are everywhere and although we know nearly all there is to know about these people - their lives are splashed all over magazines and television - theyve retained their mystery. [Q1]The public are always eager to find our more about them and this fuels the paparazzi to photograph them. Its true that there are more celebrities around than ever before,[Q2] but the number of really important famous people probably hasnt changed greatly. This is because people became famous for only a short time. [Q3] Andy Warhol once famously said. In the future, everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes, and I think theres some truth in that. One day a person is famous and the next they are forgotten. Take, for example, contestants on reality television shows. After maybe six months we never see them again. This also highlights another characteristic of fame: in the past people became famous because of something they had done, or because of their talent. Nowadays these things arent necessary. I personally think this is a great pity. Interviewer: Is fame particularly beneficial now? Phyllis: Well lets look at the winners and losers when it comes to fame. Many people think that celebrities are the losers in this new media world, but that isnt necessarily the case. Take, for example, actors and actresses. They often complain about a lack of privacy, but privacy is possible. There are many celebrities who arent constantly in the papers. Much as they complain, they chase the publicity and then blame it on the media. In fact, the paparazzi, who photograph the rich and famous, are often seen as figures of hate for this. They come off much worse in the end. because they are so disliked by the public and celebrities. [Q4] But in reality, they are making the celebrities and their managers even richer. In fact, because of the cult of fame nowadays, we can see media executives making even more monev and celebrities

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signing multi-million pound deals. And who pays for this? Well, all of us. Cinema and concert ticket prices have risen and DVDs cost more than ever. [Q5] Merchandising makes a fortune for the famous these days. And although we are paying for it, the rewards go to only a small elite the big players. the stars and the executives, but they miss a lot of the creative talent in the industry, like the people who write the screenplays. They are still on the same salary they were on ten years ago. [Q6] Executives certainly have a difficult job managing their clients, but they get rewarded well for doing so. I for one think these rewards should be more fairly spread. Interviewer: How could this be done? Are you ? Vocabulary: - fame [noun]: Tiếng tăm, danh tiếng, tên tuổi Meaning: the state of being known and talked about by many people - retain [verb]: Ngăn, giữ lại Meaning: to keep something; to continue to have something - mystery[noun]: Điều huyền bí, điều thần bí Meaning: something that is difficult to understand or to explain - eager[adj] : Ham, háo hức, hăm hở, thiết tha, hau háu Meaning: very interested and excited by something that is going to happen or about something that you want to do - complain[verb] : Kêu ca, kêu, phàn nàn, than phiền; oán trách Meaning: to say that you are annoyed, unhappy or not satisfied about somebody/something - publicity[noun]: Sự công khai; sự làm cho thiên hạ biết đến Meaning: the attention that is given to somebody/something by newspapers, television, etc. - blame[noun]: Sự khiển trách; lời trách mắng Meaning: to think or say that somebody/something is responsible for something bad - Merchandising [noun]: Nghề buôn, sự buôn bán Meaning: the activity of selling goods, or of trying to sell them, by advertising or displaying them

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436

Exercise 8: 11. B 12. A

13. C 14. B

15. A 16. A

Transcript Hello everyone and welcome to the Anglia Sculpture Park. Right, well, the idea behind the sculpture park is that its a place where works of art such as large sculptures and carvings can be displayed out of doors in a natural setting. As youll have noticed when you drove here, most of the land around the park is farmland. The park itself belonged to a family called the De Quincies, who had made a lot of money from manufacturing farm machinery, and who also owned substantial stretches of forest land to the north of the park. They built a house in the centre of the park, not far from where were standing now, [Q11] but this burnt down in 1980 and the De Quincies then sold the land. The Anglia Sculpture Park isnt the only one in the country; several of the London parks sometimes display contemporary sculptures, and there are a couple of other permanent sculptures parks in England. But weve unique in that some of our sculptures were actually created for the sites they occupy here, [Q12] and we also show sculptures by a wider range of artists than anywhere else in the country. For example, at present we have an exhibition by Joe Tremain, of what he calls burnt sculptures. These are wood and stone sculptures that hes carved and marked with fire to illustrate the ferocity and intensity of the forces that have shaped our planet over millions of years.[Q13] They look really dramatic in this rural setting. To see some of the sculptures, youll need to follow the path alongside the Lower Lake. We had to renovate this [Q14] after the lake overflowed it banks a couple of months ago and flooded the area. The water levels back to normal now and you shouldnt have any trouble, the paths very level underfoot. You should be back at the Visitor Centre at about four oclock. If you have time its worth taking a look at the Centre itself. Its not possible to go upstairs at present as builders are working there adding another floor,[Q15] but the rests well worth seeing. The architect was Guy King. He was actually born in this part of England but he recently designed a museum in Canada that won a prize for innovation in public buildings. If you want to get something to eat when you get back, like a snack or a sandwich, the Terrace Room is currently closed, but you can go to the kiosk and buy something, [Q16] then sit on one of the chairs overlooking the Lower Lake and enjoy the view as youre eating.

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Vocabulary: - sculpture [noun]: Nghệ thuật điêu khắc, nghệ thuật chạm trổ; bức tượng Meaning: a work of art that is a solid figure or object made by carving or shaping wood, stone, clay, metal, etc. - carving [noun]: Nghệ thuật khắc, nghệ thuật tạc, nghệ thuật chạm Meaning: an object or a pattern made by cutting away material from wood or stone - farmland [noun]: Đất chăn nuôi, trồng trọt Meaning: land that is used for farming - machinery [noun]: Máy móc, máy; thiết bị Meaning: machines as a group, especially large ones - contemporary[adj] : Đương thời Meaning: belonging to the same time - permanent [adj]: Lâu dài, vĩnh cửu; thường xuyên, thường trực; cố định Meaning: lasting for a long time or for all time in the future; existing all the time - exhibition [noun]: Cuộc triển lãm, cuộc trưng bày Meaning: a collection of things, for example works of art, that are shown to the public - ferocity[adj] : Tính dữ tợn, tính hung ác Meaning: violence; aggressive behaviour - architect [noun] : Kiến trúc sư Meaning: a person whose job is designing buildings

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Exercise 9: 11. C 12. B

13. A 14. D

Transcript Good morning everyone. I hope youre all feeling OK after the activities of the last week or so. I know youve all been working very hard recently and weve been exceptionally busy, especially with the wedding last weekend and the trade fair straight after that. And now we have only three days to prepare for the birthday party this weekend. The events recently have gone extremely well and the hotel is beginning to get a very good reputation, so we need to keep it up. At the moment, we dont have exact numbers of guests and though we usually only cater for groups of less than fifty, we will have quite a few more than that. So - as I said - not sure of numbers but of course we wont go over the maximum of 100. But its likely that we will need all of you to work this weekend so if any of you cant, please let me know as soon as possible. Right - so what time will the event start? Well the invitation says guests should arrive between 7.30 and 7.45 but our experience is that there are always a few who like to arrive early so well expect the first people at 7.15. As the numbers are quite large, this will certainly be the case. Food will be served at around 8.30 and then, depending on how long the meal takes, the entertainment will start about two hours later. Now, for this, we were expecting a live band for the occasion which is always fun, but apparently this has been cancelled due to illness. So - the hosts know someone who is a comedian who will be replacing the band. We had hoped that the resident magician who worked here through the summer would be able to help out but they werent keen on that idea.

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Q11

Q12

Q13

Q14

439

Vocabulary: - trade: Thương mại, sự buôn bán, mậu dịch Meaning: the activity of buying and selling or of exchanging goods or services between people or countries - reputation: Sự nổi danh; danh tiếng Meaning: the opinion that people have about what somebody/something is like, based on what has happened in the past - cater : Phục vụ cho, mua vui cho, giải trí cho Meaning: to provide food and drinks for a social event - expect : Chờ đợi, trông đợi, mong ngóng, trông chờ, trông ngóng [ai đó, việc gì đó] Meaning: to think or believe that something will happen or that somebody will do something - comedian : Diễn viên kịch vui; người đóng kịch vui Meaning: an entertainer who makes people laugh by telling jokes or funny stories - magician : Thuật sĩ,đạo sĩ, pháp sư; thầy phù thuỷ, ảo thuật gia Meaning: a person who can do magic tricks

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Exercise 10: 11-12: B, E 13-14: B, C

Transcript Good morning - its great to see so many people here. Thank you all very much for coming. Well, as you know, the community gardens at Hadley Park are really not looking as good as they should, quite bad really, and although the local council has a budget to deal with some of the problems, we do need volunteers for other tasks. If you dont mind, Im going to divide you into two groups. So, everyone on this side of the room is Group A and the rest of you are Group B. So, Group A, there are a couple of things we'd like you to help with. Um, first of all, don't worry about any litter or empty bottles you see lying about - one of the local schools has offered to help out with that as part of their own environmental project. The priority for you will be to give us a hand with the new wooden fencing [Q11] it needs constructing a long parts of the bicycle track, as there are parts which have now fallen down or broken - as I'm sure you've seen. You've probably also noticed that some of the pathways that come from the bicycle track a quite narrow - and there are plans to make them wider - but the council will be dealing with that later in the year and they've also promised to produce some informational signs about the plants in the gardens. Hopefully they'll be up in a few weeks time. The other thing we're doing is getting rid of some of the foreign species that are growing in the gardens and putting back some native plants and trees. So you'll be doing some digging for us and getting those into the ground [Q12] So Group A there's some items you'll need to bring along with you. I was going to say raincoats but the forecast has changed so you can leave those at home. Id definitely recommend a strong pair of boots, [Q13] waterproof would be best; it's quite somebody at the moment, and your own gloves would also be advisable. [Q14] Tools will be available - spades and hammers, that kind of thing. You just need to make sure they go back in the trucks. And, theres no need to worry about food and drink as well be supplying sandwiches and coffee possibly some biscuits, even!

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Vocabulary: - budget [noun] : Ngân sách, ngân quỹ Meaning: the money that is available to a person or an organization and a plan of how it will be spent over a period of time - priority [noun]: Sự ưu thế [về cấp bậc]; quyền ưu tiên, quyền được trước; sự ưu tiên hàng đầu Meaning: something that you think is more important than other things and should be dealt with first - fencing [noun] : Sự rào dậu Meaning: fences; wood, wire, or other material used for making fences - forecast [noun]: Sự dự đoán trước; sự dự báo trước Meaning: a statement about what will happen in the future, based on information that is available now - waterproof [adj]: Không thấm nước Meaning: that does not let water through or that cannot be damaged by water - advisable[adj]: Nên, thích hợp, đáng theo Meaning: sensible and a good idea in order to achieve something - spade [noun]: Cái mai, cái thuổng Meaning: a garden tool with a broad metal blade and a long handle, used for digging - hammer [noun]: Búa Meaning: a tool with a handle and a heavy metal head, used for breaking things or hitting nails

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Exercise 11: 21. A 22. B 23. A

24. B 25. A 26. A

Transcript Leo: Anna, I wanted to ask you about my marketing report. Im not sure about it Anna: Thats OK, Leo. So what do you have to do? Leo: Choose a product or service then compare two organisations that produce it. Im doing instant coffee. Anna: But havent you got a weekend job in a clothing store? Why didnt you choose clothing? Leo: That was my first thought itd give me some practical examples, but when I searched for mens clothing on the Internet there were hardly any articles. So then I looked for coffee and I found there were tons.[Q21] Anna: Yeah, there are so many brands on the market now. OK, so how much have you actually written? Leo: Ive done part one, on economic and technological factors. I found some good data on technological changes, how in Australia fewer people are buying instant coffee because of cheap coffee percolators that they can use to make real coffee at home.[Q22] Anna: But theres also a movement away from drinking coffee Leo: ...switching to things like herbal teas instead because they think its healthier? But thats not really to do with technology, its more cultural. Anyway, for part two Im comparing two instant coffee companies, CoffeeNow and Shaffers, and Ive made this table of products. Anna: Right. Lets see...so youve got the brand names, and prices and selling size, and descriptions. OK, the table looks good, youll get marks for research there. Where Leo: will it go? Anna: In the section on the marketing mix, under Product Leo: Not in the appendix? Anna: No. OK, but its too factual on its own, you need to add some comment in that section about the implications of the figures.[Q23]

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Leo:

Anna: Leo: Anna: Leo: Anna:

Leo: Anna: Leo:

Right, Ill do that. Now I want to say that I think that Shaffers is more of a followers than a leader in the coffee industry. Now, Im putting that in the section on market share. Does that seem OK? Lets see...so youve begun by explaining what market share is, thats important, but youre got to be careful how you give that opinion. Do you think it should go in another section? Well, its fine where it is but youve got to back it up with some data [Q24] or theyll say your report lacks weight. OK. One thing Im worried about it finding anything original to say. Well, since this is your first marketing report, youre not expected to go out and do interviews and things to collect your own data, youre just using published data. So the analysis you do might not throw up anything that people didnt throw before. But the focus is more on how you handle the data - I mean, you might take some like a graph of sales directly from a website, but what makes your work original is the perspective you provide by your interpretation of it.[Q25] Oh. You know, its all so different from business studies assignments at school. Its really surprised me. What, how much research you have to do? I expected that. Its more...I knew exactly what I had to do to get a good grade at school - and I knew Id be expected to go more deeply into things here, but I havent got information on how the lecturer is going to grade my work [Q26]- what hes looking for.

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Vocabulary: - economic [adj]: [Thuộc] Kinh tế Meaning: connected with the trade, industry and development of wealth of a country, an area or a society - technological [adj]: thuộc công nghệ, thuộc công nghệ học Meaning: connected with technology - percolator[noun]: Bình lọc; bình pha cà phê; máy chiết ngâm Meaning: a pot for making coffee, in which boiling water is forced up a central tube and then comes down again through the coffee - movement[noun] : Sự chuyển động, sự vận động, sự cử động, sự hoạt động Meaning: an act of moving the body or part of the body - herbal [adj]: [thuộc] cỏ, [thuộc] thảo mộc Meaning: connected with or made from herbs - implication[noun]:Sự lôi kéo vào; sự liên can, sự dính líu; ẩn ý, điều ngụ ý; điều gợi ý Meaning: a possible effect or result of an action or a decision - publish [verb]: Công bố; ban bố Meaning: to produce a book, magazine, CD-ROM, etc. and sell it to the public - interpretation [noun]: Sự giải thích, sự làm sáng tỏ Meaning: the particular way in which something is understood or explained

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Exercise 12: 9-10: B, D

Transcript Lastly, an increasing number of people are choosing to live alone. The number of people living alone in Britain has more than doubled in the last twenty years. In 1990 just over four million people lived alone. Now this figure has reached 8.5 million, an incredibly rapid growth which has had enormous effects on the traditional nuclear family. This number represents a great chunk of the population who either by choice or necessity, are outside the traditional family unit. Some think that these changes may not help the community. In fact, there Q9 are many arguments that this rise in alternative household structures will create a more isolationist and less community-based society, where close bonds which are usually formed within the family have no place. Leaving aside whether or not the housing even exists for this boom, an important factor which must be Q10 looked at is the disproportionate expense for those living on their own, By this I mean, the burden of all costs is shouldered by one wage instead of two, and of course one person is using the energy which could be shared between a group, having a greater impact on the environment too. However, on a more positive note, people, especially women, are proving

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Vocabulary: - isolationist [adj] : [chính trị] người theo chủ nghĩa biệt lập Meaning: connected with the policy of not becoming involved in the affairs of other countries or groups - disproportionate[adj] : không cân đối Meaning: too large or too small when compared with something else - expense [noun]: Sự tiêu; phí tổn Meaning: the money that you spend on something - burden[noun] : Gánh nặng Meaning: a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work

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Exercise 13: 21. C 22. A 23. B

24. C 25. A

Transcript Anna: Hi, Robert. Robert: Hi. Sorry Im late. I was just printing off some pages about food waste in Britain. Anna: Do you want to include Britain in the presentation? I thought we were concentrating on the USA? R: Well, it is a global problem, so I thought we ought to provide some statistics that show that. A: Fair enough. What did you find out? R: Well, I was looking at a British study from 2013. It basically concluded that 12 billion pounds worth of food and drink was thrown away each year - all of it ending up in landfill sites. Over eight million tons - and that wasnt including packaging. A: An incredible amount. R: Yes, and they were only looking at what households threw away, so theres no information about restaurants and the catering industry. But one thing the study did investigate was the amount of milk and soft drinks that were wasted, [Q21] and I think it was probably quite unique in that respect. A: Interesting. You know. in the other European reports Ive read - theres one thing they have in common when they talk about carbon dioxide emissions. R: I know what you are going to say. They never refer to the fuel that farms and factories require to produce the food, and the carbon dioxide that releases? A: Exactly. We could really cut down on carbon emissions if less food was supplied in the first place. [Q22] To my mind, the reports talk too much about the carbon dioxide produced by the trucks that deliver the fresh goods to the shops and take the waste away. They forget about one of the key causes of carbon dioxide. R: Absolutely. If the reports are actually going to be useful to people, they need to be more comprehensive. A: Who do you mean by people? R: Well, the government, industries...people making television programmes. Have you seen any documentaries about food waste?

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A: Not that I remember. R: My point exactly. These days they all seem to be focusing on where your meat, fruit and vegetables are sourced from. [Q23] Were being encouraged to buy locally, not from overseas. Thats probably a good thing but Id still like to see something about waste. A: Yes, its the same with magazine articles - its all about fat and sugar content and the kind of additives and colouring in food - but nothing about how it reaches your table and what happens after it ends up in the bin. R: Well, weve only got 15 minutes for this presentation, so I think well have to limit what we say about the consequences of food waste. What do we want to concentrate on? A: Well, I know some of the other presentations are looking at food and farming methods and what they do to the environment, so I think well avoid that. And the fact that in some countries, people cant afford the food grown on their own farms - that was covered last term. R: OK. We dont want to repeat stuff. A: What concerns me above all else is that in a recession governments should be encouraging business to find ways to cut costs. [Q24] Apparently supermarkets in the USA lose about 11% of their fruit to waste. Thats throwing money away. R: All right - well focus on that problem. It should get the others attention, anyway. Now, how do you want to begin the presentation? Lets not start with statistics though because thats what everybody does. A: I agree. How about we give the other students a set of questions to answer [Q25] - about what they suspect they waste every day? R: Im fine with that. Probably a better option than showing pictures of landfill sites. Itll be more personalised, that way. A: All right, now lets start

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Vocabulary: - statistic [noun] : Thống kê Meaning: a collection of information shown in numbers - landfill[noun] : Bãi rác Meaning: an area of land where large amounts of waste material are buried under the earth - investigate[verb]: Điều tra nghiên cứu Meaning: to carefully examine the facts of a situation, an event, a crime, etc. to find out the truth about it or how it happened - comprehensive [adj]: Bao hàm toàn diện Meaning: including all, or almost all, the items, details, facts, information, etc., that may be concerned - consequence:[noun] Hậu quả, kết quả Meaning: a result of something that has happened - concentrate [verb]: Tập trung Meaning: to give all your attention to something and not think about anything else - recession[noun] : Sự lùi lại, sự thụt lại Meaning: a difficult time for the economy of a country, when there is less trade and industrial activity than usual and more people are unemployed - suspect [verb]: Nghi, ngờ, nửa tin nửa ngờ Meaning: to have an idea that something is probably true or likely to happen, especially something bad, but without having definite proof

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Exercise 14: 21. C 22. A 23. B

24. A 25. C 26. B

Transcript Randhir: Hello - Im Randhir Ghotra from the technologies department Dave: Ah yes. Good. Im Dave Hadley. Thanks for coming to see me. R: Thats right. Um, Im responsible for student admissions to the college and I use a computer system to help process student enrolments and to do the time tabling. Bit it really doesnt suit the way we work these days. Its over ten years old [Q21] and although it was fine when it was first introduced, it is just not good enough now. R: OK - what problems are you experiencing? D: Well, 20 years ago, the college was quite small and we didnt have the numbers of students or tutors that we have now. R: So the system cant handle the increasing volumes D: Well, theres a lot more data now and it sometimes seems the system has crashed but, in fact, it just takes ages to go from one screen to the next.[Q22] R: Right. Is that the only problem? D: Well thats the main one, but there are others. In the past, doing the timetabling was quite simple but now we have a lot more courses and whats made it complicated is that many of them have options.[Q23] R: Right - but the system should allow you to include those. D: Well no, it doesnt. It was supposed to - and a few years ago we did ask someone from the technologies department to fix it, but they never seemed to have the time. R: Hmm...are there any other issues with the system? D: Well - Ive been given extra responsibilities and so I have even less time to do the timetabling. If there was anything you could do, Randhir, to make the process more efficient, that would be really helpful. R: Well it sounds like you could do with an assistant but thats obviously not possible, so what about having an online system that students can use to do their scheduling? D: How would that work?

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R: Well - it may mean less choice for students but we could create a fixed schedule of all the courses and options and they could then view what was available D: .and work it out for themselves [Q24] - that sounds great. R: OK, so ...um well need to decide whether or not to improve the existing system or to build a completely new system. D: Well Id much prefer to have a new system. Quite frankly, Ive had enough of the old one. R: OK - thatll probably take longer although it may save you money in the long run. [Q25] When were you hoping to have this in place? D: Well its January now and the new intake of students will be in September. We need to start processing admissions - in the next few weeks really R: Well it will take more than a few weeks. Im afraid. As an initial estimate I think well be looking at April or May [Q26] to improve the existing system but for a new system it would take at least nine months. That would be October at the earliest.

Vocabulary: - admission [noun] : Sự nhận vào, sự thu nạp vào; sự kết nạp Meaning: the act of accepting somebody into an institution, organization, etc.; the right to enter a place or to join an institution or organization - enrolment[noun]: Sự kết nạp hoặc được kết nạp Meaning: the act of officially joining a course, school, etc.; the number of people who do this - responsibility[noun]: Trách nhiệm; sự chịu trách nhiệm; bổn phận; nghĩa vụ Meaning: a duty to deal with or take care of somebody/something, so that you may be blamed if something goes wrong - schedule[noun] : Kế hoạch làm việc, tiến độ thi công; Meaning: a plan that lists all the work that you have to do and when you must do each thing - estimate [verb] :Đánh giá; ước lượng Meaning: a judgement that you make without having the exact details or figures about the size, amount, cost, etc. of something

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Exercise 15: 21. B 22. A 23. A

24. C 25. B

Transcript Tutor: James:

Tutor: James:

Tutor:

James:

Tutor: James:

Tutor:

Well James, Ive had a look over your case study and for a first draft, it looks promising. I have to be honest, when you told us we had to write about a furniture company, it didnt sound like the kind of thing that would interest me, but since then, Ive changed my mind. Whys that? Well, as you know, Furniture Rossi is an Australian company, still comparatively small compared to some of the high street stores but it's got plans to expand into foreign markets. So I chose it for that reason. It's going through a transition [Q21] - it's a family-run business aiming to build a global brand. All right, and you've made that clear in your writing. One thing though that I think you've overlooked is why Luca rossi started a furniture company here in Australia in the first place. Well he just got an arts degree, haven't he? And people were trying to talk him into an academic profession but he wanted a practical job - something he thought would be more satisfying in the long run. His grandfather had been a craftsman. He'd made furniture in Italy and he'd passed this skill on to Lucas father, and well, Lucas thought he'd like to continue the tradition.[Q22] Yes, that was the motivation behind his decision.And what was it, do you think, that gave Furniture Rossi a competitive edge over other furniture companies? I wouldn't think it was price. It's always been at the higher end of the market, but according to my research, it was to do with the attitude of the employees [Q23] they were really focused on giving good customer service. Yes, Luca Rossi insisted on that. Their promotional campaigns also emphasised the fact that the would only came from Australian forests, but that was the case with their rivals, too so it wouldn't have made them stand out. OK, we'll have a careful look at the content of your case study in a minute, but i just want to make a general comment first, before you start writing your second draft.

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James: OK Tutor: Yes, what Id like to see more of is your opinion, [Q24] a bit more critical thinking rather than the bare facts. But it's good to see you've been careful with your referencing this time James: Thanks. And I read and re-read my work so I'm pretty sure there aren't any errors with the language. Tutor: Yes, it's fine. Oh, but there's one other thing i could probably mention at this point. James: Yes? Tutor: Well at the end of term, you'll also be giving a presentation also on Furniture Rossi. James: Yes, I haven't given it much thought yet. Tutor: Understandably. But, while you're writing the case study, I'd recommend you think about what kind of information would be suitable to use in your presentation. Remember - the last time you gave a presentation on a company, you spend a considerable part of the time providing the audience with financial data, but they probably needed to hear more about company strategy. James: Yes, I did concentrate rather too much on the figures. [Q25] Ill make sure there's a balance this time. Tutor: Good.

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Vocabulary: - draft [noun]: Nháp Meaning: a rough written version of something that is not yet in its final form - furniture [noun] : Đồ đạc [trong nhà] Meaning: objects that can be moved, such as tables, chairs and beds, that are put into a house or an office to make it suitable for living or working in - expand [verb] : Mở rộng, trải ra Meaning: to become greater in size, number or importance; to make something greater in size, number or importance - craftsman [noun]: Thợ thủ công Meaning: a skilled person, especially one who makes beautiful things by hand - motivation [noun] : Sự thúc đẩy, động cơ thúc đẩy Meaning: the reason why somebody does something or behaves in a particular way - attitude [noun] : Thái độ, quan điểm Meaning: the way that you think and feel about somebody/something; the way that you behave towards somebody/something that shows how you think and feel - campaign [noun]:Chiến dịch Meaning: a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim - balance [noun] :Sự thăng bằng, sự cân bằng; cán cân Meaning: a situation in which different things exist in equal, correct or good amounts

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Exercise 16: 21. B 22. C 23. B

24. A 25. C 26. C

Transcript Karina: Hi, Mike. Hows it going? Mike: Actually, I was up last night with an assignment so - yeah, Im tired, but I guess wed better sort this presentation out. Karina: Well, weve done enough background reading, but I think we need to . organise exactly what were going to say about biofuels during the presentation, and the order. Mike: I thought we could start by asking our audience what car engines were first designed to run on - fossil fuels or biofuels Karina: Nice idea Mike: Yes, when most people think about cars and fuel, they think about all the carbon dioxide thats produced, but they dont realise that that wasnt always the case. Karina: Youre probably right. The earliest car engines ran on fuel made from corn and peanut oil, didnt they?{Q21] Mike: Yes. The manufacturers used the corn and peanut oil and turned them into a kind of very pure alcohol. Karina: You mean ethanol? Mike: Yes. In fact, most biofuels are still based on ethanol. Actually, Ive got some notes here about the process of turning plant-matter into ethanol - the chemical reactions and the fermentation stages and Karina: Its interesting - the other students would appreciate it, but different biofuels use different processes and if we give a general description, theres a risk well get it wrong, [Q22] and then the tutor might mark us down. Id rather we focus on the environmental issues. Mike: Fair enough. So, um - the main plants that are used for biofuel production now are sugar cane, corn Karina: And canola. Of all of them, canola is probably the least harmful because machines that use it dont produce as much carbon monoxide.

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Mike:

Karina:

Mike:

Karina: Mike:

Karina: Mike: Karina:

Mike: Karina:

Mike: Karina: Mike:

Sugar cane seems to be controversial. It doesnt require as much fertilizer as corn does to grow, but when they burn the sugar cane fields, that releases loads of greenhouse gases. Yes, but some critics have suggested that the production of corn ethanol uses up more fossil fuel energy than the biofuel energy it eventually produces. For that reason, Id sat it was more harmful to the environment.[Q23] I see what you mean. Youre probably right. Its interesting how everyone saw the biofuel industry as the answer to our energy problems, but in some ways, biofuels have created new problems. Well, in the USA, I wouldnt say that farmers are having problems - the biofuel industry for them has turned out to be really profitable. I think, though, that even in the USA, ethanol is still only used as an additive to gasoline, or petrol. The problem is that it still has to be transported by trucks or rail because they havent built any pipelines to move it. [Q24] Once they do, itll be cheaper and the industry might move forward. Thatll have to happen one day. At least the government are in favour of biofuel development. Yes. But Brazils probably in the lead as far as biofuels are concerned - theyve got to the point where they dont need to import any oil now. Which is great, and the industry in Brazil employs a huge number of people, but is it sustainable? I mean, as the population grows, and there are more vehicles on the roads and theres more machinery, surely they cant depend so much on sugar cane? [Q25] At some point, there has to be a limit on how much land can be used for sugar cane production - certainly if you want to preserve natural habitats and native wildlife. I think that whatever problems Brazils facing now - the same will be true for any country - you have to weigh up the pros and cons. Well, we probably wont see an increase in biofuel use - I mean, they wont replace fossil fuels until we can find ways to produce them cheaply and quickly and with less cost to the environment.[Q26] ...making sure they require minimal energy to produce less than fossil fuels certainly when youre filling up your car. Exactly. And in a way that means they have to cost less than fossil fuels - certainly when youre filling up your car. Yes. and whatever other kind of engines use fossil fuels at the moment.

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Vocabulary: - assignment [noun]:Sự giao việc, sự phân công Meaning: a task or piece of work that somebody is given to do, usually as part of their job or studies - sort [verb]: Lựa chọn, sắp xếp, phân loại Meaning: a group or type of people or things that are similar in a particular way - biofuel [noun]: nhiên liệu sinh học Meaning: fuel made from plant or animal sources and used in engines - peanut [noun] : Cây đậu phụng [cây lạc] Meaning: a nut that grows underground in a thin shell - ethanol [noun]: [hoá học] ethanol Meaning: the type of alcohol in alcoholic drinks, also used as a fuel or solvent - fermentation [noun] : Sự lên men Meaning: the process of chemical change caused by the action of yeast or bacteria, often changing sugar to alcohol - controversial [adj]: Có thể gây ra tranh luận, có thể bàn cãi được [vấn đề...] Meaning: causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement - fertilizer[noun] : Phân bón Meaning: a substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully - profitable [adj]: Có lợi, có ích; thuận lợi Meaning: that makes or is likely to make money - sustainable [adj]: Bền vững Meaning: involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment

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Exercise 17: 35-36: C , E 37-38: A , D 39-40: A , C

Transcript

Today, our number of weak-tie acquaintances has exploded due to the Internet - to the phenomenon of online social networking. This is still a relatively new way of communication - something that has a huge amount of potential but also, as with any invention, it brings with it a new set of problems. Lets start with the benefits. Without question, online social networking allows us to pass on the latest news to be up-to-date with local and global events- and for many, this information comes from sources more trustworthy than local media. So, this is one clear point in favour of online social networking. I know that it's also being used by students - as a means of increasing their chances of success in the way that lecture notes can be shared and ideas discussed. I think, personally speaking, that we need some further research before we can definitively say whether it helps or not. Theres also been a great increase in the number of networking sites devoted to sharing advice on health issues but there are as yet no studies to prove the reliability of that advice. Now, what we do have clear evidence for is that people are developing friendship and professional networks in a way that wasnt possible before the process is faster. I'm not talking about quality here, but simply that they exist. And it's debatable whether the number of online friends that you have increases your level of self-confidence that's perhaps an area of research some of you might be interested in following up. Turning to the problems, there are any number of articles connecting online activity to falling levels of physical fitness but its too easy to blame the Internet for our social problems. The poor grades of school children are also frequently linked to the time spent on social networking sites, but it would be naive to believe there are no other contributing factors. One real concern, however, is the increase in the amount of fraud. Where for example, people are using the personal data of others, which theyve put online, for criminal purposes. This kind of activity seems likely to continue. And then, certainly for employers, online social networking sites have provided a great time-wasting opportunity reducing productivity like never before, and I doubt they can put a stop to this habit, no matter what restrictions are in place.

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Q36

Q37 Q38

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We'll come back to these issues in a minute, but I'd like to say something about the theories of Robin Dunbar an anthropologist at Oxford University. Dunbar has found that the human brain has evolved in a way that means we can only give real attention to a particular number of people. 150, apparently. So, for example, if the number of friends on your online network is greater than that, according to Dunbar, this would imply the relationships are only superficial. Dunbar is not against online relationships, but he maintains that face-to-face interaction is essential for the initial Q39 creation of true friendship and connections. He's concerned that for young people if their only experience of forming relationships is online this doesn't allow them to Q40 form the ability or acquire the strategies for maintaining relationships, for example, in situations where negotiation or diplomacy is required, or where it's essential for ...

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460

Vocabulary: - acquaintance [noun]: Sự biết, sự hiểu biết Meaning: a person that you know but who is not a close friend - explode [verb]: Đập tan, làm tiêu tan [lý tưởng, ảo tưởng...] Meaning: to burst or make something burst loudly and violently, causing damage - phenomenon [noun]: Hiện tượng Meaning: a fact or an event in nature or society, especially one that is not fully understood - fraud[noun]: Sự gian lận, sự gian trá; sự lừa lọc, sự lừa gạt Meaning: the crime of cheating somebody in order to get money or goods illegally - criminal[adj] : Có tội, phạm tội, tội ác Meaning: connected with or involving crime - productivity [noun]: sức sản xuất, năng suất Meaning: the rate at which a worker, a company or a country produces goods, and the amount produced, compared with how much time, work and money is needed to produce them - restriction [noun]: Sự hạn chế, sự giới hạn; sự bị hạn chế Meaning: a rule or law that limits what you can do or what can happen - interaction[noun]: Sự ảnh hưởng lẫn nhau, sự tác động với nhau, sự tương tác Meaning: the act of communicating with somebody, especially while you work, play or spend time with them - negotiation [noun]: Sự điều đình, sự đàm phán, sự thương lượng, sự dàn xếp Meaning: formal discussion between people who are trying to reach an agreement - diplomacy [noun]: Thuật ngoại giao; ngành ngoại giao; khoa ngoại giao Meaning: the activity of managing relations between different countries; the skill in doing this

IELTS Thanh Loan

461

DẠNG 8:

MATCHING

Exercise 1: 1. A 2. C

3. D 4. B

Transcript Customer: So, what are the differences between these four hotels? Travel agent: Well the main difference is in the facilities they offer. The Hotel Q1 Sunshine is the only one which has a gym and its also got one of the top health spas in the area. Its next to a lake so you can do water sports there. But if you really like sailing or water skiing, then the Highland Hotel would probably be the Q2 best place because it offers great instruction programmes in these sports. Customer: Actually, Im not a sporty person. Travel agent: OK. Well, what about the Hotel Carminia? Its a brand new Q3 hotel, and it prides itself on its cinema and multimedia centre. And then theres The Royal. This one has a conference room, a meeting room, and free Q4 computer access, but its not really appropriate for children; theres not much in the way of entertainment. Customer: Well, Im going on holiday, not to work, and its just my wife and me so I think well book with the Hotel Carminia, please.

IELTS Thanh Loan

462

Vocabulary: - facility [noun]: [ số nhiều] điều kiện dễ dàng, điều kiện thuận lợi; phương tiện dễ dàng Meaning: buildings, services, equipment, etc. that are provided for a particular purpose - instruction [noun]: chỉ thị, lời chỉ dẫn Meaning: detailed information on how to do or use something - pride [noun]: Sự kiêu hãnh, sự hãnh diện; niềm kiêu hãnh, niềm hãnh diện, thể diện Meaning: a feeling of pleasure or satisfaction that you get when you or people who are connected with you have done something well or own something that other people admire - multimedia [noun] : đa phương tiện Meaning: [in computing] the use of sound, pictures and film in addition to text on a screen - conference [noun]: Hội nghị Meaning: a large official meeting, usually lasting for a few days, at which people with the same work or interests come together to discuss their views - appropriate [adj]: thích hợp, thích đáng Meaning: suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances

IELTS Thanh Loan

463

Exercise 2: 7. D 8. A

9. C 10. B

Transcript TOA: Well, I know about a few of them, and there are pictures in this leaflet here. This one here is lovely - the Belleview - and its extremely popular. It has Q7 a famous chef, so its not cheap, but the standard of the food is very high, Its right by the sea and there are wonderful views if you get a good table. Then theres The Lighthouse Cafe - you can see the picture here - which isnt really a cafe at all. In fact, its a great restaurant and a lot if TV celebrities and actors Q8 eat there. The place has been going for over a hundred years! Its quite an institution around here . Tourist: Mm. Im not sure about those two - they sound too expensive to me. I was thinking of somewhere small, not too up-market, but with good food. TOA: In that case what about Harveys? The same family has run this Q9 restaurant for over a century, and its reasonably priced and really popular with local people. And theres another family-run restaurant, Stonecroft House. Q10 New owners took over a month ago and theyre getting good reviews. Theres a new chef there and the food is meant to be very good. This leaflet has the contact details for all the restaurants so you can just call them if youd like to book a table. Tourist: Great, thanks. Youre been very helpful.

IELTS Thanh Loan

464

Vocabulary: - chef [noun]: Đầu bếp Meaning: a professional cook, especially the most senior cook in a restaurant, hotel, etc. - standard [noun]: Tiêu chuẩn, chuẩn, mẫu Meaning: a level of quality, especially one that people think is acceptable - reasonably [adv]: Hợp lý. Meaning: to a degree that is fairly good but not very good - leaflet [noun] : tờ quảng cáo rời Meaning: a printed sheet of paper or a few printed pages that are given free to advertise or give information about something

IELTS Thanh Loan

465

Exercise 3: 4. C 5. B 6. A

Transcript Now we ourselves have done a little reorganisation over the last year to maximise our productivity. Weve thought long and hard about the best location for the Marketing Department as this is the key to facilitating our future business. Although Perth has a large number of marketing companies, Q4 which enables us to learn from our competitors, its Melbourne thats the gateway to international connections, and therefore were decided to move all marketing operations there. In terms of professional development, we wanted to optimise the training programmes available to our staff because training is vital if we want to remain competitive. As a result, staff training will no longer be here in Sydney but Q5 instead will take place in the Perth office, where new facilities have been installed. Finally, weve looked at how to optimise our back office administrative functions. Currently, each office has its own admin department. However, this Q6 is proving to be less efficient than we would like. In order to resolve this situation, all these functions will now be centralised here in Sydney.

IELTS Thanh Loan

466

Vocabulary: - reorganisation [noun] : cải tổ lại, tổ chức lại Meaning: the act or process of changing the way in which something is organized or done - productivity [noun]: sức sản xuất, năng suất Meaning: the rate at which a worker, a company or a country produces goods, and the amount produced, compared with how much time, work and money is needed to produce them - competitor [noun]: Người cạnh tranh; đấu thủ, đối thủ Meaning: a person or an organization that competes against others, especially in business - optimise [verb]: Lạc quan; theo chủ nghĩa lạc quan Meaning: to make something as good as it can be; to use something in the best possible way - install [verb]: đặt, lắp, gá đặt, lắp đặt Meaning: to fix equipment or furniture into position so that it can be used - efficient [adj]: Có hiệu lực, có hiệu quả Meaning: doing something well and thoroughly with no waste of time, money or energy - centralise [verb]: Tập trung Meaning: to give the control of a country or an organization to a group of people in one particular place

IELTS Thanh Loan

467

Exercise 4: 7. D 8. A

9. B 10. E

Transcript Guide: At the moment, we only have yellow plaques for all the famous people, but we are aiming to produce different coloured plaques so that people can do specific walks. For example, if they are interested in famous sports personalities they can do a tour following the red plaques - the colour we are aiming to use for these people. We are looking at introducing grey, white and green plaques as well. We are thinking of using grey plaques to signify people who have done important work within the government and white plaques for those who have done good works in the community. Lastly, our green plaques we think will be very popular, these will be for painters and sculptors, leaving our yellow ones for writers, actors and other people of note. We do hope you enjoy looking at the plaques around the city. We have guide books on sale in the gift shop where you can find all the plaques. These are priced at $11.99.

Q7

Q8 Q9 Q10

Vocabulary: - plaque [noun]: Tấm, bản Meaning: a flat piece of stone, metal, etc., usually with a name and dates on, attached to a wall in memory of a person or an event - personality [noun]: Nhân cách, tính cách Meaning: the various aspects of a persons character that combine to make them different from other people - signify [noun] : Biểu thị, biểu hiện; báo hiệu; là dấu hiệu của cái gì Meaning: to be a sign of something - sculptor [noun]: Nhà điêu khắc; thợ chạm Meaning: a person who makes sculptures

IELTS Thanh Loan

468

Exercise 5: 18. E 19. C 20. B

Transcript So before I leave you all to start your tour, Ive just got a few tips. There are a large number of attractions and you may not have time to see them all. Of course, there are the old favourites like the Aquarium and the Crocodile Cave but if you dont have time to see everything make sure you visit Turtle Town, which is beyond the Aquarium and the Seal Centre. This is very special and has a large number of endangered species, and as its at the far corner of the Sea Life Centre it often gets overlooked. I also have to apologise for the Penguin Park. This has needed some urgent work to be done and so will not be open for the next week. We are very sorry about this but Im sure youll find the Seal Centre which is directly opposite it will keep you entertained just as much - if not more! Were also very busy today as you may have noticed on your way in. Everyone starts here at the Aquarium but as its so big, theres no waiting to get in. But today were expecting a lot of people to want to see the Crocodile Cave as a couple of eggs have hatched out. So expect delays there and, if you like, move on to the Seal Centre first and then go back when things are quieter, towards the end of the day. So Ill leave you now but if you have any questions I wont be far away and have a great time at the Sea Life Centre!

IELTS Thanh Loan

Q18

Q19

Q20

469

Vocabulary: - attraction [noun]: Sự thu hút, sự hấp dẫn, sự lôi cuốn; sức hấp dẫn, sức lôi cuốn Meaning: an interesting or enjoyable place to go or thing to do - Aquarium [noun]: Khu công viên có bể nuôi [cá, loài thuỷ sinh]; nơi trưng bày bể nuôi [cá, loài thuỷ sinh] Meaning: a large glass container in which fish and other water creatures and plants are kept - endanger [adj]: Gây nguy hiểm Meaning: to put somebody/something in a situation in which they could be harmed or damaged - apologise [verb] : xin lỗi, tạ lỗi Meaning: to say that you are sorry for doing something wrong or causing a problem - hatch [verb]: nở [trứng] Meaning: to come out of an egg

IELTS Thanh Loan

470

Exercise 6: 15. C 16. E 17. A

Transcript So Id like to go through whos doing what when the guests arrive and I think well make a few changes from the last party held here. If I remember correctly, it was Olav who co-ordinated the task of providing the guests with drinks or was it Ahmed? [checking] Um, Im not sure - but Gary asked to do it this time - Q15 so that will be his job. Theres been no decision yet on what the drinks are going to be but I hope they decide soon in case we need to order something special. Now - for receiving the guests coats and hats, its important we have someone experienced doing this as we dont want guests losing their belongings. And Monica, last time this was your responsibility. Susan, I know you wanted to do Q16 this but as the numbers are quite high for this event I wont make a change here. Right - now last time there was some confusion as to where guests were supposed to go once they had deposited their things and we had guests roaming around the whole hotel. So Ahmed and Olav - I believe you discussed the problems with Susan and thought she would be good at guiding guests after they had arrived - Q17 and Im fine with that.

IELTS Thanh Loan

471

Vocabulary: - co-ordinate [verb]: Hành động và làm việc cùng nhau Meaning: to organize the different parts of an activity and the people involved in it so that it works well - belongings [noun]: Thuộc về, của, thuộc quyền sở hữu Meaning: the things that you own which can be moved, for example not land or buildings - responsibility [noun]: Trách nhiệm; sự chịu trách nhiệm; bổn phận; nghĩa vụ Meaning: a duty to deal with or take care of somebody/something, so that you may be blamed if something goes wrong

IELTS Thanh Loan

472

Exercise 7: 16. B 17. A 18. C

19. C 20. A

Transcript OK, let me tell you a little bit about the different tracks we have here. All of them start at the end of Mountain Road - and youll find a parking lot there where you can leave your vehicles. Let's start with North Point track. It's a gentle route through lowland forests - good for biking and probably the one for you if you have small children. There's a wooden hut where you can stay at the end of the track but be aware that it's really just an overnight shelter,and you'll need to take your own sleeping bags and cooking equipment. Another option is the Silver River track. As the name suggests, you'd be following the river for most of the way and you get to see some of our beautiful native birds but the track also goes through a densely forested area. Unfortunately the signposting isn't very good in places and you do need a good map reading skills to avoid becoming disoriented, which happens to visitors a little too frequently, I'm afraid. Valley crossing will take you through some stunning scenery but there are several points along the way where you'll need the level of fitness required to get over some pretty big rocks. Stonebridge is one of the shorter tracks, but very steep as it takes you up to the waterfall and you do need to be in good condition to manage it. lastly the Henderson Ridge track will take you all the way to the summit of the mountain. Do bear in mind, though, that at this time of year the weather is very changeable and if the clouds suddenly descends, it's all too easy to wander off the track. It's best to check with us for a weather report on the morning you think you want to go. On the way to the summit, there's a hotel which provides comfortable rooms and quality meals, so it's worth climbing all...

IELTS Thanh Loan

Q16

Q17

Q18 Q19

Q20

473

Vocabulary: - track [noun]: dấu, vết Meaning: a rough path or road, usually one that has not been built but that has been made by people walking there - vehicle [noun]: Xe cộ [xe hai bánh, xe hơi, xe tải..] Meaning: a thing that is used for transporting people or goods from one place to another, such as a car or lorry/truck - route [noun]: Tuyến đường; lộ trình; đường đi Meaning: a way that you follow to get from one place to another - shelter [noun]: Sự nương tựa, sự che chở, sự ẩn náu Meaning: the fact of having a place to live or stay, considered as a basic human need - signpost [noun]: Biển chỉ đường Meaning: enlarge image a sign at the side of a road giving information about the direction and distance of places - stunning [adj]: tuyệt vời; lộng lẫy; gây ấn tượng sâu sắc Meaning: extremely attractive or impressive - descend [verb]: Xuống, dốc xuống, rơi xuống, lăn xuống, đi xuống, tụt xuống... Meaning: to come or go down from a higher to a lower level

IELTS Thanh Loan

474

Exercise 8: 16. C 17. D 18. F

19. G 20. E

Transcript OK, moving on. Unfortunately, theres been an increase in the number of minor crimes and anti-social behavior in the general area and I want to talk about some specific prevention measures that are being proposed. First of all, the skate park. As you probably know, it's well used by younger people in our community but unfortunately we're getting more and more reports of broken glass - making it especially dangerous for younger children. One possible solution here is to get rid of some of the trees and bushes around the park - making it more visible to passersby and vehicles if the Vandals know they're being watched, this might act as a deterrent. As you will have heard a couple of local primary schools have also been vandalized recently - despite the presence of security guards. The schools don't have the funds for video surveillance - so we need people in the neighborhood to call their nearest police station and report any suspicious activity immediately. Please don't hesitate to do this. I expect most of you are familiar with the problems facing Abbotsford Street. It seems that no amount of warning signs or speed cameras will slow speeding drivers down. Im happy to say, however, that the council have agreed to begin work over the next few months to put in a new roundabout. What else? Oh, yes. The newsagent and the gift shop on Victoria Street were both broken into last week, and although no money was taken, the properties have suffered some serious damage. Access was gained to the shops through the small alleyway at the back of the properties - it's dark and as you can imagine, no one saw the thief or thieves in action. So, we've been advising shop owners along there about what kind of video recording equipment they can have put in - well then be able to get evidence of any criminal activity on film. The supermarket car park is also on our list of problem areas we've talked to the supermarket managers and council authorities and we've advised them to get graffiti cleaned off immediately and get the smashed lights replaced. If you don't deal with this sort of thing at once, there's a strong possibility that the activity will increase and spread, and then it becomes...

IELTS Thanh Loan

Q16

Q17

Q18

Q19

Q20

475

Vocabulary: - prevention [noun]: Sự ngăn cản, sự ngăn trở, phòng ngừa Meaning: the act of stopping something bad from happening - visible [adj]: Hữu hình, thấy được, có thể nhìn thấy, có thể thấy; trong tầm mắt Meaning: that can be seen - deterrent [adj]: Để ngăn cản, để ngăn chặn, để cản trở Meaning: making somebody less likely to do something - surveillance [noun]: Sự giám sát; sự theo dõi cẩn thận Meaning: the act of carefully watching a person suspected of a crime or a place where a crime may be committed - roundabout: Theo đường vòng [không đi theo con đường ngắn nhất] Meaning: a place where two or more roads meet, forming a circle that all traffic must go around in the same direction - property[noun]: Tài sản, của cải, vật sở hữu, người giàu có Meaning: a thing or things that are owned by somebody; a possession or possessions - graffiti[noun] : [nghệ thuật] nghệ thuật grafitô [trang trí bằng cách cạo thạch cao cho lộ mặt dưới có màu khác] Meaning: drawings or writing on a wall, etc. in a public place

IELTS Thanh Loan

476

Exercise 9: 4. A 5. D 6. C

Transcript Moving on to the second point - how changes within a country can have as much or more of an effect then those outside the country. Various parts of New York have changed radically in their ethnic make-up over the last 200 years: communities became wealthier, governments introduced new laws, and employment opportunities came and went. These factors affect where people choose to live or force them to move to somewhere different. For example, most people think that the population has changed in Manhattan due to the rise of its importance as a financial trade centre, which is true to some extent. But Q4 like the Ellis Island example, a change in politics, namely a change of mayor, allowed the city to boom as a financial centre, and this resulted in different types of people moving to the area. Brooklyn is an interesting example, too and well be looking at it as our case study later in the lecture. Whereas it used to be a predominantly working class area of the city and therefore attracted unskilled migrant workers, nowadays its fame as a centre for Q5 up-and-coming artists and musicians means it has attracted a new and much more diverse population of middle class residents. Finally, Queens has shown a dramatic change in its population over the last fifty years due to the airports there. This means that the number of airline staff living in the area has Q6 dramatically increased and changed the nature of the local population.

IELTS Thanh Loan

477

Vocabulary: - force [verb]: Dùng vũ lực đối với, bức hiếp, ép buộc, cưỡng ép, bắt buộc Meaning: violent physical action used to obtain or achieve something - extent [noun]: Khoảng rộng Meaning: how large, important, serious, etc. something is - politics [noun]: Hoạt động chính trị, công việc chính trị, đời sống chính trị Meaning: the activities involved in getting and using power in public life, and being able to influence decisions that affect a country or a society - mayor [noun]: Thị trưởng Meaning: the head of a town, borough or county council, chosen by other members of the council to represent them at official ceremonies, etc. - predominantly [adv]: Phần lớn, chủ yếu là Meaning: mostly; mainly - migrant [noun] : Di trú; di cư Meaning: a person who moves from one place to another, especially in order to find work

IELTS Thanh Loan

478

Exercise 10: 26. G 27. A 28. D

29. C 30. E

Transcript Robert: OK, shall we now have a look at the projects that different researchers and organisation are working on? Anna: For me, the project I really liked was the one at Tufts University - you know, where theyve invented tiny edible patches to stick on fresh foods that show you what level of bacteria is present, and so whether you can still eat it. Robert: Its a great idea as it tells you if you need to hurry up and eat the food before it goes off. The other good thing about the patches is that apparently theyll be cheap to manufacture. Anna: Good. Then the other thing I thought was great was the Massachusetts Institute of Technology project. Robert: I hadnt seen that. Anna: Well, theyve developed these sensors that can detect tiny amounts of ethylene. Ethylene is the natural plant hormone in fruit that makes them turn ripe, apparently. The researchers think that they can attach the sensors to cardboard boxes - and then supermarkets can scan the sensors with a portable device to see how ripe the fruit inside is. Thats got to be a quicker way to check for ripeness than taking each box off the shelf and opening it. Robert: Definitely. And I thought that Lean Path was worth mentioning, too. Their waste tracking technology means that caterers can see how much food is being wasted and why. Thatll increase profits for them eventually. Anna: Yes. And did you read about Zero PerCent? Theyve produced this smartphone application that allows restaurants to send donation alerts to food charities. The charities can then pick up the unwanted food and distribute it to people in need. Robert: In the long run, thatll definitely benefit poorer families in the neighbourhood. No kid should go to school hungry.

IELTS Thanh Loan

Q26

Q27

Q28

Q29

479

Anna:

I agree. And I read that quite a few local governments in the USA are thinking about introducing compulsory composting in their states - so you cant put any food waste into your rubbish bins, just the compost bin. Robert: Well, I guess that means a bit more work for people. I mean, they have to separate the organic and inorganic waste themselves before they take it out to the compost bin, and you know how lazy some people are! But I guess if Q30 we all start composting, wed be doing something positive about the problem of food waste ourselves, rather than relying on the government to sort it out. Having said that, not everyone has a garden so...

Vocabulary: - edible [adj]: Có thể ăn được [không độc] Meaning: fit or suitable to be eaten; not poisonous - patch [noun]: Miếng vá, miếng đắp, Meaning: a small area of something, especially one which is different from the area around it - bacteria [noun] : vi khuẩn Meaning: the simplest and smallest forms of life. Bacteria exist in large numbers in air, water and soil, and also in living and dead creatures and plants, and are often a cause of disease. - sensor [noun]: [kỹ thuật], [vật lý] phần tử nhạy; cái cảm biến Meaning: a device that can react to light, heat, pressure, etc. in order to make a machine, etc. do something or show something - portable[adj] : Có thể mang theo, xách tay Meaning: that is easy to carry or to move - caterer [noun]: Người cung cấp lương thực, thực phẩm Meaning: a person or company whose job is to provide food and drinks at a business meeting or for a special occasion such as a wedding - compulsory[adj] : Ép buộc, bắt buộc, cưỡng bách Meaning: that must be done because of a law or a rule - compost [noun]: Bón phân trộn Meaning: a mixture of decayed plants, food, etc. that can be added to soil to help plants grow

IELTS Thanh Loan

480

Exercise 11: 25. B 26. D 27. A

21. E 22. I 23. C 24. G

Transcript Tutor:

Stewart:

Tutor:

Stewart:

Tutor: Stewart: Tutor: Stewart:

Tutor: Stewart: Tutor: Stewart: Tutor:

Right Stewart, well Ive read your draft report on your work placement at the Central Museum Association. Sounds as if you had an interesting time. So you ended up making a film for them? Yeah. It was a film to train the employees in different museums in the techniques they should use for labelling ancient objects without damaging them. Some of them are really fragile. OK. So in your report you go through the main stages in making the film. Lets discuss that in a little more detail. You had to find a location - somewhere to shoot the film. That took quite a few days, because I had to look at different museums all over the country, but Id allowed time for it. And even though it was the middle of winter, there wasnt any snow, so I didnt have any transport problems. Q21 Right. Did you have to decide what equipment youd need for the filming? Yes. I think they were quite surprised at how well I managed that. It was just the luck of the draw actually, Id done that project with you last year Q22 Oh, on recording technology? So you knew a bit about it from that, right. Yeah. What I found really hard was actually writing the script. I had a Q23 deadline for that but the Association had to extend it. I couldnt have done it otherwise. Would it have helped if youd had some training there? I think youre right, I probably needed that, yeah. Right. Now from your draft report it sounds as if you had one or two problems deciding who was going to actually appear in the video. The casting? Yeah. Id expected that the people who worked for the Association would be really keen on taking part But they werent?

IELTS Thanh Loan

481

Stewart:

Tutor:

Tutor: Stewart:

Tutor: Stewart: Tutor: Stewart:

Tutor:

The thing was, they were all so busy. And it did mean some of them had to travel. But Janice King, who I was reporting to for the project, she was great. She arranged for people to have time off and for their work to be covered. So that was a big help for me. Right. And it sounds like the filming itself went well. I gather you found a company who provided an online introduction to the techniques. Stewart: Yeah. It was really informative, and very user-friendly. I learned a lot from it. And then the editing? For that, the Association put me in touch with someone who works for one of the big movie companies and I went down to the studio and sat with him in front of his computer for a day, learning how to cut and paste, and deal with the soundtrack and so on. So was that all? No, I didnt include this in my draft report but I had to design the cover for the DVD as well the lettering and everything. Have you done any of that sort of design work before? No, but I did a rough draft and then talked it through with a couple of my mates and they gave me some more ideas, and when Id finished it, I showed it to the people who worked at the Association and they really liked it. Excellent.

IELTS Thanh Loan

Q24

Q25

Q26

Q27

482

Vocabulary: - placement [noun] : Sắp đặt, sắp xếp việc làm Meaning: the act of finding somebody a suitable job or place to live - fragile [adj]: Dễ vỡ, dễ gãy, dễ hỏng; mỏng mảnh, mỏng manh [ [nghĩa đen] & [nghĩa bóng]] Meaning: easily broken or damaged - informative [adj]: Cung cấp nhiều tin tức, có nhiều tài liệu Meaning: giving useful information - soundtrack [noun]: rãnh âm thanh Meaning: some of the music, and sometimes some speech, from a film/movie or musical that is released on CD, the Internet, etc. for people to buy

IELTS Thanh Loan

483

Exercise 12: 4. D 5. C

6. B 7. A

Transcript Emma: So, I think wed better start planning what were going to do for our group project. Have you guys had any ideas? I was thinking we should do something on extreme weather events, but I Tom: think Alex had some different ideas. Yes, maybe we should look into more localised weather conditions and the Alex: effects on the immediate environment. Emma: That's a good idea, Alex, but I don't think we'd be able to get much data on that, and we don't really have time to do our own research. What about doing something about the seasons? I think the seasons might be a bit too wide-reaching, you know, when we Tom: take into account the wind patterns and pressure systems. Emma: Maybe you're right. Well, how about Tom's idea of extreme weather conditions? Alex: Emma: Yes, that sounds like a good idea. It's easy to break down into separate parts and it certainly sounds more interesting! I'd quite like to cover monsoons. I've been doing some reading on them Tom: and they're quite interesting. Emma: Well, that sounds good. We should maybe take two areas each - that would make it easier for us to focus. Well, we've got lots to choose from: we could do blizzards, heat waves, Alex: droughts, cyclones. There are loads! Why don't you do blizzards too, Tom? I don't fancy doing them, but I wouldn't mind doing something on floods. Tom: [Q5] They're linked to monsoons, I think, so it will be an easy transition. What do you fancy doing, Alex? Well, I could always cover winds. Alex:

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Emma: But that isn't really extreme enough. Alex: Hmm ... I could do hurricanes, they're pretty exciting. How about doing cyclones, Emma? Emma: I'd rather do heat waves and droughts, I think [Q6]. I know a bit about them. I don't know anything about cyclones. Alex: Cyclones are really interesting. I can cover them.[Q7] That sounds great. I was thinking about doing cyclones, but I'm happy for Tom: you to do them

Vocabulary: - extreme [adj] : Vô cùng, tột bực, cùng cực, cực độ Meaning: not ordinary or usual; serious or severe - monsoon [noun]: Gió mùa Meaning: a period of heavy rain in summer in S Asia; the rain that falls during this period - blizzard [noun]: Trận bão tuyết Meaning: a snowstorm with very strong winds - drought [noun]: Hạn hán Meaning: a long period of time when there is little or no rain - cyclone [noun]: Lốc, gió xoáy Meaning: a violent tropical storm in which strong winds move in a circle - transition [noun]: Sự chuyển tiếp Meaning: the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another

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485

Exercise 13: 26. A 27. C

28. A 29. B

30. C

Transcript STUDENT 2: You say youre building models of the worlds ocean systems but howre they going to be used, and more importantly, when? SIMO: Some of the data has already helped in completing projects. For example, our understanding of the underlying causes of El Nino events is being confirmed by float data. Another way were using float data is to help us to understand the mechanics of climate change, like global warming and ozone depletion. Thats part of an ongoing variability study but the results are still a long way off. However, this is not the case with our ocean weather forecasting. Because we know from the floats what the prevailing weather conditions will be in certain parts of the ocean, we can advise the navy on search and rescue missions. Thats happening right now and many yachtsmen owe their lives to the success of this project. In addition, the float data can help us to look at the biological implications of ocean processes. STUDENT 1: Would that help with preserving fish stocks? SIMON: Yes, and advising governments on fisheries legislation. Were well on the way to completing a project on this. We hope it will help to bring about more sustainable fishing practices. Well be seeing the results of that quite soon. STUDENT 2: It sounds like the data from floats has lots of applications. SIMON: Yes it does. Its also a powerful agricultural tool. If we were aware of what the weather would be like, say, next year, we could make sure that the farmers planted appropriate grain varieties to produce the best yield from the available rainfall. STUDENT 1: That sounds a bit like science fiction, especially when now we cant even tell them when a drought will break. SIMON: I agree that this concept is still a long way in the future, but it will come eventually and the float data will have made a contribution.

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Q26

Q27

Q28

Q29

Q30

486

Vocabulary: - mechanic [adj]: Thợ máy, công nhân cơ khí Meaning: a person whose job is repairing machines, especially the engines of vehicles - climate [noun] : Khí hậu, thời tiết Meaning: the regular pattern of weather conditions of a particular place - variability : tính biến động Meaning: the fact of something being likely to vary - prevailing [adj]: Đang thịnh hành, phổ biến khắp, rất thông dụng [đồ vật..]; thường thổi trong một khu vực [gió] Meaning: existing or most common at a particular time - navy [noun]: Hải quân Meaning: the part of a countrys armed forces that fights at sea, and the ships that it uses - mission [noun]: Sứ mệnh, nhiệm vụ Meaning: an important official job that a person or group of people is given to do, especially when they are sent to another country - yachtsmen [noun]: Người chơi môn du thuyền Meaning: a man who sails a yacht for pleasure or as a sport - implication [noun]: Sự lôi kéo vào; sự liên can, sự dính líu; ẩn ý, điều ngụ ý; điều gợi ý Meaning: a possible effect or result of an action or a decision - legislation [noun]: Sự làm luật, sự lập pháp Meaning: a law or a set of laws passed by a parliament - appropriate [adj]: [ + to, for] thích hợp, thích đáng Meaning: suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances

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487

Exercise 14: 25. A 26. C

23. A 24. B

Transcript JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR: JULIE:

Remind me, Trevor how long is the presentation? Dr White said three per hour. So about twenty minutes? Well. . . it'll be fifteen minutes per presentation. And five minutes for questions. And is this one going to be assessed? No ... not this time round ... because it's the first one ... you know. Good news. Well, Trevor, what are we going to include? Well... Do you think we ought to give some historical background? Oh no ... definitely not... we won't have time! OK ... but I think we ought to say something about the geographical location ... cos not a lot of people know where the islands are ... Yes ... OK ... I'll take notes, shall I? Yeah, that'll be a help ... So ... geographical location ... Then we ought to give an overview of the whole education system. Shouldn't we say something about the economy . . . you know agricultural produce . . . minerals and so forth? Well... Dr White said we shouldn't go into that sort of detail. But it's pretty important when you think about it... you know because it does influence the education system ... Look ... let's think about that one later shall we? Let's see how we're doing for time . . . OK ... so ... general overview of education Of course ... and then the role of English language ... Nope ... that goes in the Language Policy Seminar . . . don't you remember?

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Q21 Q22

Q23

Q24

Q25 Q26

488

TREVOR: JULIE: TREVOR:

Are you sure? Positive. All right...so those are the topics were going to be ...to be covering...

Vocabulary: - assess [verb]: Định giá [tài sản, hoa lợi...] để đánh thuế; đánh giá; ước định Meaning: to make a judgement about the nature or quality of somebody/something - geographical [adj] : địa lý Meaning: connected with the way in which the physical features of a place are arranged - economy [noun] : Sự quản lý kinh tế; nền kinh tế; tổ chức kinh tế Meaning: the relationship between production, trade and the supply of money in a particular country or region - influence [verb]: Ảnh hưởng, chi phối, tác động Meaning: the effect that somebody/something has on the way a person thinks or behaves or on the way that something works or develops

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489

DẠNG 9:

SUMMARY COMPLETION

Exercise 1: 1. Environment 2. Extinction

3. Fossil site 4. Tooth

Transcript Good morning everyone. My name is Paul and Im a paleontologist. Now when most people hear that, they immediately get an image of an old professor studying dried-up dinosaur bones or else they think of a great adventure from the movies! Well, Im neither. But I would like to talk to you today about how I came to be a paleontologist and the reason I believe it is an important job. All my life, my main interest has been the environment. So I actually started out as an ecology student. As a part of my degree course, I had to do a compulsory unit on extinction and a lecturer visiting from another university gave us a talk on Australias extinct animals. One of the animals he talked about was called the Diprotodon. Its an ancestor of the modern Australian wombat. He described this enormous animal crossing ancient lakes, getting stuck in the mud and becoming part of the fossil record, which is what we call the preserved remains of animals and plants that we find. And I was fascinated. So fascinated that I immediately changed courses. But paleontology isnt all easy going. The very first field trip I want on was pretty awful and we didnt find anything! We went to an outback fossil site and we were digging in extreme conditions. Ive learned since then that thats pretty standard for work like this. But to make matters worse, after five days, Id found nothing. I was getting really disheartened and I was starting to regret my decision, when on the last day of the trip. I was digging into the bank of an ancient dried-up riverbed and I found a funny-looking piece of rock. Inside it was a tooth from a giant kangaroo. Finding that one fossil made me realise that this was a field I really wanted to continue working in.

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Q1 Q2

Q3

Q4

490

Vocabulary: - paleontology [noun]: môn cổ sinh vật học Meaning: the science of the forms of life existing in former geologic periods, as represented by their fossils. - ecology [noun]: sinh thái học Meaning: the branch of biology dealing with the relations and interactions between organisms and their environment, including other organisms. - extinction [noun] :sự tuyệt chủng Meaning: the disappearance - wombat [noun]: chuột túi Meaning: any of several stocky, burrowing, herbivorous marsupials of the family Vombatidae, of Australia, about the size of a badger - ancestor [noun]: tổ tiên Meaning: person from whom one is descended - get stuck [verb]: mắc kẹt - fossil [noun]: hóa thạch Meaning: any remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age, as a skeleton,footprint, etc. - dishearten [verb]: thất vọng Meaning: to depress the hope, courage, or spirits of; discourage - riverbed [noun] :đáy sông Meaning: the channel in which a river flows or formerly flowed.

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491

Exercise 2: 31. temporary hours 32. stone

33. geographical positioning 34. decorative

Transcript Lecturer: The subject of this series of lectures is horology, the science of measuring time, and well be looking at a few basic concepts in this lecture. The measurement of time has come a long way since ancient times. It began with such devices as the sundial, where the position of the suns shadow marked the hour. Daylight was divided into twelve temporary hours - these temporary hours were longer in the summer and shorter in the winter, simply because the amount of daylight changes with the seasons. The earliest sundial we know comes from Egypt. It was made of stone and is thought to date from 1500 BC. Sundials were used throughout the classical world, and with time, involved into more elaborate devices that could take into account seasonal changes and geographical positioning and reflect the hours accurately, no matter what the time of year. This was quite an achievement in technology. Today, sundials can be seen as decorative pieces in many gardens.

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Q31

Q32

Q33 Q34

492

Vocabulary: - horology [noun]: thuật tính giờ Meaning: the art or science of making timepieces or of measuring time - sundial [noun]: đồng hồ mặt trời Meaning: an instrument that indicates the time of day by means of the position, on a graduated plate or surface, of the shadow of the gnomon as it is cast by the sun. - daylight [noun]: thời gian ban ngày Meaning: the period of day; daytime. - involve into [verb]: liên quan đến Meaning: to include as a necessary circumstance, condition - elaborate [adjective]: tinh xảo, phức tạp Meaning: worked out with great care and nicety of detail; executed with great minuteness

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493

Exercise 3: 7. small subsidiary 8. employees

9. 10%/ ten percent 10. relocation package

Transcript Chief Executive Office: So what does all this mean for the future? Well, after ten years, Ive decided that Benchmark needs a new vision for the future. I think its time for us to divide up parts of the business into smaller units. Therefore, over the next five years I aim to set up two small subsidiary [Q1] companies in order to Q1 focus on international expansion in Europe and Asia. There are many organisations in emerging markets which could benefit from our experience and skills. Which leads me to the next point for future development that of increasing our workforce. Its become clear that all our departments are understaffed, so well be taking on more employees [Q2] over the next year. Q2 And the really good news is that to make us a desirable employer, all positions, current and future, will receive a salary increase of ten per cent [Q3]. Lastly, I Q3 know that some people are worried about the financial aspects of having to move to another city as part of the restructure, so Benchmark will be provide a relocation package [Q4] to all employees this affected. This is because we would like you all to remain with the company for the foreseeable future.

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Vocabulary: - subsidiary [adjective]: trợ cấp, bao cấp Meaning: serving to assist or supplement; auxiliary; supplementary - workforce [noun]: nhân lực Meaning: the total number of workers in a specific undertaking - understaffed [adjective]: thiếu nhân lực Meaning: having an insufficient number of personnel - restructure [noun]: tái cấu trúc Meaning: the act or an instance of restructuring - foreseeable [adjective]: thấy trước được, dự đoán trước được Meaning: tobe seen beforehand

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495

Exercise 4: 1. A test 2. Personal belongings

3. Fire marshals 4. Missing people

Transcript Melanie: Welcome to this fire evacuation talk everyone. Im Melanie Brookes, the fire safety manager here at Techbase, and my office is on the fourth floor if you ever need to find me. Today I want to run through the fire evacuation procedure now that were in a new building. First of all, can I just remind you that if you hear the fire alarm, you should always head towards the main stairs in order to leave the building. Please assume that the alarm is real ,except if it sounds at 11.00 a.m on a Tuesday. At this time, its always a test - we hope. Its vital that you do not spend time collecting your bags or personal belongings because this wastes valuable evacuation time. When you have left the building, please look for the fire marshals, who will be wearing fluorescent orange jackets. Theyll show you where the waiting area is, but just so you know. Its the park at the rear of the office block. Your department has a fire safety officer - I believe its Susan Jenkins - and its her job to make sure that everyone who signed in has vacated the building. Susan will then tell the fire safety manager if there are any missing people. Can I also remind you that you mustnt enter the building again until the fire safety manager, in other words, me, tells you that the situation is no longer dangerous.

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Q1 Q2 Q3

Q4

496

Vocabulary: - fire evacuation [noun]: sự cứu hỏa Meaning: the process of moving people out of fire - personal belonging [noun]: vật dụng cá nhân Meaning: something is possessed by a particular person - fire marshal [noun]: đội trưởng đội cứu hỏa Meaning: the highest rank of firefighter - fluorescent [adjective]: huỳnh quang Meaning: producing bright light by using some forms of radiation

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497

Exercise 1: 8. E 9. C

10. B

Transcript Phil: So, our project is going to cover three main areas. Firstly, comparing the main forms of alternative energy: solar, wind, wave, and bio fuels in terms of production costs. Secondly, well take solar energy as an example and do a cost prediction, and lastly well analyse whether theyre likely to replace traditional Q1 fuels in the future. Tutor: That sounds like a comprehensive project with a good focus. Now, what data are you going to use and what approach will you use for the analysis? Q2 Jackie: Ah! Now thats something we do agree on! We want to use the reports you gave us in our last lecture and some statistics from the government Environment and Energy Department. In terms of analysis, were going to use a Q3 cross-referencing method where we compare each of the government reports with the Robertson report and highlight any differences. The well analyse these to see why the differences exist and where more research needs to be done.

Vocabulary: - cross-referencing method [noun phrase]: phương pháp tổng quan Meaning: the way to let the researcher look at the research in a large scale

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498

Exercise 6: 1. L 2. C 3. D

4. H 5. F

Transcript Hannah: Hi everyone! Sorry Im late Louise: Dont worry. Hannah, weve only just started. We thought we should go over the theories weve studied so far so were ready for the seminar discussion on Thursday afternoon. Hannah: Of course, youre right. I dont think I can remember all the theories related to consumer energy consumption. No Hannah. Thats the reading for Friday lecture. Thursdays seminar Mike: discussion is about the current thinking on alternative energy. Hannah: Oh yes. Sorry. Im a bit disorganised at the moment. Louise: Never mind. So, Mike, what do you think about the academics point of view on nuclear energy? Well, I think I have to agree with them on price being a factor for choosing Mike: nuclear in the long term. Louise: Me too. Its definitely the most cost effective measure. Dont you agree, Hannah? Hannah: To start with I didnt, but the text Professor Edwards gave us persuaded me. The only thing that concerns me is that there have been some disasters in various parts of the world. Louise: Yes, some texts warn of the dangers of nuclear power using previous disasters as examples. I know what you mean, but I suppose the risk is minimal these days. What do Mike: you think about wind and solar energy in terms of the price in relation to the advantages? For me, there just not worth it - both are expensive and its difficult to predict the amount of energy each one will produce. Hannah: You know, Mike. Im afraid I dont share your opinion. This text here talks about the likelihood of improved technology increasing the amount of energy and reducing the costs in the future.

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Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

499

Louise:

Yes, but thats not enough proof to be sure of the relationship between the costs and the benefits Q5 Mike: Exactly, the evidence seems incomplete to me Hannah: Well, thats something we cant follow up on with the rest of the group in the seminar on Thursday.

Vocabulary: - seminar [noun]: buổi thảo luận Meaning: a class at a university or college when a small group of students and a teacher discuss or study a particular topic - alternative [adjective] : thay thế Meaning: can be replaced - disorganised [adjective]: lộn xộn Meaning: badly planned; not able to plan or organize well

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500

Exercise 7: 21. reference 22. textbooks 23. secondary

24. primary 25. back

Transcript LIBRARIAN: Good afternoon. Can I help you? STUDENT: Good afternoon. Yes, Ive just transferred to the School of Education, and Id like information about joining the library. LIBRARIAN: Well, the School of Education has libraries on two sites, as Im sure you know, This one here is the Fordham Site, and the other is on Castle Road. STUDENT: And is there any difference between the two libraries? LIBRARIAN: Not in terms of their facilities. Access to online databases and the Internet is available at both sites and each site has a range of reference materials on education. STUDENT: Oh yes. I see. LIBRARIAN: But the Castle Road site has books on the sociology of education and a collection of textbooks and teaching resources covering most of the subjects taught in secondary schools. STUDENT: Ah, right, but Im training to be a primary teacher so I need to look at materials for the five to eleven age group. LIBRARIAN: Then youve come to the right place. At Fordham we hold material relating to primary education, as well as special needs, but of course youll need to familiarize yourself with both sites to make the most of our resources. STUDENT: You havent mentioned periodicals. Are they held at both sites? LIBRARIAN: Current issues, yes but if you want to look at back issues youll need to use the CD-ROM databases which are held here at Fordham. STUDENT: I see. Now, about borrowing books. Im living out of town, so Im hoping I can borrow quite a few items, and cut down on the number of trips I have to make.

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Q21

Q22 Q23 Q24

Q25

501

Vocabulary: - sociology [noun]: xã hội học Meaning: the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behaviour - familiarize yourself/somebody [with something]: dần quen với Meaning: to learn about something or teach somebody about something, so that you/they start to understand it - periodical [noun]: tạp chí định kỳ Meaning: a magazine that is published every week, month, etc., especially one that is concerned with an academic subject

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502

Exercise 8: 26 + 27: laptops, printers 28. report writing

29. marketing 30. individual

Transcript TUTOR: BRIAN: TUTOR: BRIAN: TUTOR:

BRIAN:

TUTOR: BRIAN: TUTOR:

BRIAN: TUTOR: BRIAN: TUTOR: BRIAN: TUTOR: BRIAN:

By the way, do you know about our Business Centre? No. Whats that? Its a training resourcea collection of materials for people to study on their own, or use in their own organizations. Uhuh. You mean books and videos? Yes, and manuals for self-study. Plus a lot of computer-based materials, so people can work through them at their own speed, and repeat anything they arent sure about. And you can hire laptops to use in your own home or workplace as well as printers that you can take away. Does it have anything that I could use to improve my study skills? I dont have much idea about report writing, and Im sure Ill need it on the course. Oh yes, theres plenty of useful material. Just ask one of the staff. Does the centre cover all the main areas of business? Yes, topics like finance, and of course marketing thats a popular one. Local managers seem to queue up to borrow the videos! So it isnt just for students, then? No, its for members only, but anyone can join. How much does it cost? ￡100 a year for a company, and ￡50 for an individual , with no discount for students, Im afraid. Thats very helpful. Well, I think thats all. Id better go home and fill in the enrolment form. Thanks for all your help. Youre welcome. Goodbye. Goodbye.

IELTS Thanh Loan

Q26 Q27 Q28

Q29

Q30

503

Vocabulary: - manual [noun]: Sách hướng dẫn sử dụng Meaning: a book that tells you how to do or operate something, especially one that comes with a machine, etc. when you buy it - workplace [noun]: Nơi làm việc Meaning: the office, factory, etc. where people work - queue [up] [for something] verb]: xếp hàng Meaning: to wait in a line of people, vehicles, etc. in order to do something, get something or go somewhere - enrolment [noun]: sự đăng ký Meaning: the act of officially joining a course, school, etc.; the number of people who do this

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504

Exercise 9: 25. Insects 26. feeding 27. laboratory

28. water 29. wings 30. reliable

Transcript Professor: How will you know if Asian bees have entered Australia? Grant: Were looking at the diet of the bird called the Rainbow Bee Eater. The Bee Eater doesnt care what it eats, as long as theyre insects [Q25]. But the interesting thing about this bird is that we are able to analyse exactly what it eats and thats really helpful if were looking for introduced insects. Professor: How come? Grant: Insects have their skeletons outside their bodies, so the Bee Eaters digest the meat from the inside, then they bring up all the indigestible bits of skeleton and of course the wings in a pellet a small ball of waste material which they cough up. Professor: That sounds a bit unpleasant. So how do you go about it? Grant: In the field we track down the Bee Eaters and find their favourite feeding [Q26] spots, you know, the places where the birds usually feed. Its here that we can find the pellets. We collect them up and take them back to the laboratory [Q27] to examine the contents. Professor: How do you do that? Grant: The pellets are really hard, especially if they have been out in the sun for a few days so, first of all, we treat them by adding water [Q28] to moisten them and make them softer. Then we pull them apart under the microscope. Everythings all scrunched up but were looking for wings [Q29] so we just pull them all out and straighten them. Then we identify them to see if we can find any Asian bee wings. Professor: And how many have you found? Grant: So far our research shows that Asian bees have not entered Australia in any numbers its a good result and much more reliable [Q30] than trying to find live ones as evidence of introduced insects. Professor: Well, thats fascinating. Thank you, Grant, for those insights. I hope that you might inspire some of our students here to conduct some similar experiments.

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505

Vocabulary: - introduced [adjective]: ngoại lai Meaning: to be imported - skeleton [noun]: xương sống Meaning: the structure of bones that supports the body of a person or an animal; a model of this structure - digest [verb]: tiêu hóa Meaning: to change food into substances that your body can use - indigestible [adjective]: không thể tiêu hóa Meaning: that cannot easily be digested in the stomach - pellet [noun]: viên, hòn Meaning: a small hard ball of any substance, often of soft material that has become hard - track down [verb]: theo dấu Meaning: to follow - scrunch up [verb]: nghiền Meaning: to crush something completely

IELTS Thanh Loan

506

Exercise 10: 31. marketing 32. interests

33. jobs 34. health

Transcript Good morning. Today were thinking about the way that technology is influencing our social structures and the way we interact with one another. Humans, as we know, have always lived in groups; without this arrangement, our species would have died out long ago. But now, the way we see and define our group is changing. Id like to start by mentioning the research of American sociologist Mark Granovetter in 1973. It was Granovetter who first coined the term weak-ties , which he used to refer to peoples loose acquaintances in other words, friends-of-friends. His research showed that weak-ties had a significant effect on the behavior and choices of populations and this influence was something highly important in the fields of information science and politics, and as you can imagine, marketing also. So, these friends-of-friends, people we might spend time Q31 with at social or work gatherings, might not be like us but they can still have a positive influence because we share the same sort of interests. Thats enough to Q32 make a connection and this connection can turn out to be more beneficial than we might suspect. An example of this, an example of how the connection can influence us, is when our weak-ties get in touch and pass on details about jobs they think might be suitable for us. Well, since Granovetter first came up with this theory, his work has been cited in over 19000 papers. Some of these studies have looked at how weak-tie networks are useful to us in other ways, and one thing that seems to improve as a result of weak-tie influence is our health.

Vocabulary: - interact with [verb]: tương tác Meaning: to communicate with somebody, especially while you work, play or spend time with them - acquaintance [noun]: sự thân quen Meaning: a person that you know but who is not a close friend

IELTS Thanh Loan

507

Exercise 11: 23. Maths 24. Theory

25. Jet engines 26. Seminars

Transcript Martina: George: M: G: M:

G: M:

G: M: G:

M: G: M:

Oh hi George, hows it going? Hi Martina, its going well. How about you? Hows university life? Well its great apart from the studying of course Yeah me too! What are you studying? I seem to remember that you were going to do Art. That was your best subject, wasnt it? No not really I just like the teacher. He was French and had an amazing accent. My favorite subject was History but I couldnt see what career that would give me Ah right. So what did you choose? Well I found it really difficult to decide. I was really good at Science but I must admit I never really enjoyed studying it. So, in the end I decided to opt for English which was my second favorite subject and I thought it would be more useful to me than studying anything else. So- thats what Im doing. Um-how are you finding university? Well-its a bit of a challenge I suppose Are you finding it difficult? Well, some of it. Im doing Mechanical Engineering which is really interesting but it covers quite a lot of areas like materials science, machine design, physics and of course mechanics and theyre all fine. But its Q23 Maths that Im struggling with. Its a lot harder than it was at school. I can believe it. It all sounds very difficult to me. But then I never was very good at mechanical things. I suppose it must involve some practical work? Well-not at the moment. Currently, its nearly all theory, so its a bit Q24 heavy-going I guess you need to start with that so that you can get a grasp of the concepts and learn a few facts before you start putting it into practice. It must be a lot different to the course that Im taking.

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508

G:

Yes but in a few weeks well be having a lot more practical experience. In fact, Ive got a great assignment this term working on jet engines which Q25 means Ill be going on a few field trips to a nearby airport M: Oh thats great. It sounds like youre going to be very busy G: Yes Im not sure how Im going to cope with the work. We have a lot of lectures and thats fine. The lecturers are very knowledgeable and I learn a lot from them. But we also have a lot of seminars and I find with so Q26 many people expressing their views it can get quite frustrating. It would be better if we didnt have so many of those. Martina: Yes its the same for me

Vocabulary: - accent [noun]: ngữ điệu Meaning: a way of pronouncing the words of a language that shows which country, area or social class a person comes from - challenge [noun]: thách thức Meaning: a new or difficult task that tests somebodys ability and skill - get a grasp of something [phrase]: hiểu cái gì Meaning: a persons understanding of a subject or of difficult facts - knowledgeable [adj]: có hiểu biết Meaning: knowing a lot - frustrating [adj]: bức bối Meaning: causing you to feel annoyed and impatient because you cannot do or achieve what you want

IELTS Thanh Loan

509

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