Linux uses to add the file-system on a new storage device to the virtual directory.

The following topic walks you through the process of extending XFS and Ext4 file systems for Linux. For information about other file systems, see their documentation for instructions.

After you increase the size of an EBS volume, you must use file system–specific commands to extend the file system to the new, larger size. You can do this as soon as the volume enters the optimizing state.

To extend a file system on Linux, you need to:

1. Extend the partition, if your volume has one.

2. Extend the file system.

Before you begin

• Create a snapshot of the volume, in case you need to roll back your changes. For more information, see Create Amazon EBS snapshots.

• Confirm that the volume modification succeeded and that it is in the optimizing or completed state. For more information, see Monitor the progress of volume modifications.

• Ensure that the volume is attached to the instance and that it is formatted and mounted. For more information, see Format and mount an attached volume.

• If you are using logical volumes on the Amazon EBS volume, you must use Logical Volume Manager [LVM] to extend the logical volume. For instructions about how to do this, see the Extend the logical volume section in the How do I create an LVM logical volume on an entire EBS volume? AWS Knowledge Center article.

Extend the file system of EBS volumes

Use the following procedure to extend the file system for a resized volume. Note that device and partition naming differs for Xen instances and Nitro instances. To determine whether your instance is Xen-based or Nitro-based, use the following command:

[ec2-user ~]$ aws ec2 describe-instance-types --instance-type instance_type --query "InstanceTypes[].Hypervisor"

To extend the file system of EBS volumes

1. Connect to your instance.

2. Resize the partition, if needed. To do so:

   1. Check whether the volume has a partition. Use the lsblk command.

      If the volume has a partition, continue to the next step. If the volume has no partitions, skip to step 3.

   2. Check whether the partition needs to be extended. In the lsblk command output from the previous step, compare the partition size and the volume size.

      If the partition size is smaller than the volume size, continue to the next step. If the partition size is equal to the volume size, the partition can't be extended.

   3. Extend the partition. Use the growpart command and specify the partition to extend.

      • mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/tmp/growpart.31171’: No space left on device FAILED: failed to make temp dir: Indicates that there is not enough free disk space on the volume for growpart to create the temporary directory it needs to perform the resize. Free up some disk space and then try again.

      • must supply partition-number: Indicates that you specified an incorrect partition. Use the lsblk command to confirm the partition name, and ensure that you enter a space between the device name and the partition number.

      • NOCHANGE: partition 1 is size 16773087. it cannot be grown: Indicates that the partition already extends the entire volume and can't be extended. Confirm that the volume modification succeeded.

   4. Verify that the partition has been extended. Use the lsblk command. The partition size should now be equal to the volume size.

3. Extend the file system.

   1. Get the name, size, type, and mount point for the file system that you need to extend. Use the df -hT command.

   2. The commands to extend the file system differ depending on the file system type. Choose the following correct command based on the file system type that you noted in the previous step.

      • [XFS file system] Use the xfs_growfs command and specify the mount point of the file system that you noted in the previous step.

        • xfs_growfs: /data is not a mounted XFS filesystem: Indicates that you specified the incorrect mount point, or the file system is not XFS. To verify the mount point and file system type, use the df -hT command.

        • data size unchanged, skipping: Indicates that the file system already extends the entire volume. If the volume has no partitions, confirm that the volume modification succeeded. If the volume has partitions, ensure that the partition was extended as described in step 2.

      • [Ext4 file system] Use the resize2fs command and specify the name of the file system that you noted in the previous step.

        • resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/xvda1: Indicates that the file system is not Ext4. To verify file the system type, use the df -hT command.

        • open: No such file or directory while opening /dev/xvdb1: Indicates that you specified an incorrect partition. To verify the partition, use the df -hT command.

        • The filesystem is already 3932160 blocks long. Nothing to do!: Indicates that the file system already extends the entire volume. If the volume has no partitions, confirm that the volume modification succeeded. If the volume has partitions, ensure that the partition was extended, as described in step 2.

      • [Other file system] See the documentation for your file system for instructions.

   3. Verify that the file system has been extended. Use the df -hT command and confirm that the file system size is equal to the volume size.

Which of the following does Linux use to add the file system on a new storage device?

How do I add a file system in Linux?

Which file system is used on Linux?

How do I mount a file system in Linux?