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What are the Big Five personality traits? [1 point]
conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, extraversion, dominance
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
sensation seeking, conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, dominance
neuroticism, psychoticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
efficacy, regard, extraversion, identification, and conscientiousness
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Terms in this set [67]
According to Rotter, the key factors influencing a person's decision to act in a certain way in a particular circumstance are reinforcement value and:
locus of control.
Sophie has a chance to interview for a promotion at work. She is sure she will do poorly anyway, so she decides against it. Bandura would say that Sophie has:
low self-efficacy.
Gene believes that if his luck is good on the day of his final exam, he will do well. Gene likely has:
an external locus of control.
The Rorschach inkblot test
has neither right nor wrong answers, as the inkblots are ambiguous.
The MMPI-2
specifically tests for abnormal behavior patterns in personality.
Which of the "Big Five" factors of personality seems to be associated with increased volume in the medial orbitoprefrontal cortex area of the brain?
extraversion
___________ studies how much of an individual's personality is inherited.
Behavioral genetics
Adoption studies have:
confirmed what twin studies have shown about genetic influences on personality.
Sarah is shy, so she works hard to look nice all the time in hopes that people will like her. This is:
compensation.
During the genital stage, parents
are no longer the focus of the child's sexual urges.
Alfred Adler believed that the defense mechanism of compensation is used by individuals who:
are striving to become superior in some area of their life.
The process girls experience, with their father as the object of their affections and their mother as the rival, is called:
the Electra complex
The ego works on the
reality principle.
Cameron was adopted at birth, so now he's interested in studying the effects of adoption on child development. More specifically, Cameron wants to know if individual traits can be attributed more to genetics or to environmental conditions, like adoptive environments. Cameron is interested in the study of ________.
behavioral genetics
As Mario is filling out his income tax forms, he makes the decision not to report all of his income. He figures that it is okay because everyone cheats on their taxes; and besides, he needs the money more than the government does. Mario is exhibiting which defense mechanism?
rationalization
Larry believes that, in order to be a good citizen, he should vote in all elections, pay his taxes, and serve his community when asked. According to Carl Rogers, Larry is describing his _______ self.
ideal
While on a dinner date, John tells the waitress that he'd like to order a number "sex." Freud would more than likely propose that John's misstatement was a product of his _______ mind.
unconscious
Maurice has parents who support him no matter what. They continually show him nothing but love, respect, and affection, expecting nothing in return. Carl Rogers might say that Maurice's parents are demonstrating _______.
unconditional positive regard
Temperament refers to
the enduring characteristics with which each person is born
Personality may be defined as the sum total of who you are and the unique ways that you think, feel, and:
act.
Trait theories differ from other theories of personality development in that they:
are less concerned with how personality develops than they are with describing personalities and the actions that result from them.
Cattell's personality questionnaire is based on
16 source traits.
Rogers believed that ______________ was vital to a person's ability to achieve self-actualization.
unconditional positive regard
Some believe that humanistic theory is
more of a philosophical view than a psychological explanation.
According to the humanistic view, internal conflict can be avoided by:
having a realistic view of one's real self.
Shortly after her daughter is born, Anna's 3-year-old son wants to start sleeping in the crib again. This is an example of:
regression
The __________ differs from the other perspectives of personality theory in its basic goals.
trait perspective
Marjorie took a personality test in April. She took the same test in June and got a very similar score. This personality test is:
reliable
When assessing personality, trait theorists are most likely to use:
personality inventories
After being asked to describe his ex-girlfriend, Ted noted that she was loud, rude, indecisive, self-centered, and extremely picky. The characteristics Ted used to describe his ex-girlfriend would all be examples of what type of traits?
surface
"I believe that humans and animals are conditioned to react to the world around them, thus developing their personalities through learned, or habitual, behaviors." Which type of theorist is most likely to make this statement?
behaviorist
Theo is 6 years old and is about to enter first grade. With his sexual interests repressed, he is ready to begin developing social relationships and intellectual skills. Theo is in what stage of Freud's developmental theory?
latency
You are shown a picture of a pink fuzzy cloud and asked to describe what you see. The type of personality assessment that you are most likely involved in is a[n] ________.
projective test
Social cognitive learning theorists hold that ___________ can lead to the formation of patterns of personality.
observational learning
The acronym _____ can be used to remember the core personality trait dimensions of the Big Five model.
OCEAN
OCEAN
Devon is taking a personality test that includes a long list of questions. For each question, Devon must choose from a limited set of answers. Devon is taking a:
personality inventory.
Jim constantly worries that he will get bad grades, that he will be late for work, or that something bad will happen to his loved ones. He is often edgy and snaps at his friends. He is likely to be a high scorer on which dimension of the Big Five?
neuroticism
According to Cattell's 16PF self-report inventory, someone scoring near the "reserved" end of the "reserved/outgoing" dimension would be more _______ than someone scoring in the middle or at the opposite end.
introverted
many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg. If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska, what part of the mind would you see above the water
ego
information that cannot be recalled even when a person makes a determined effort to retrieve it would be said by Freud to be raising in the ____
unconscious
n Freud's theory, the ____ operates according to the pleasure principle
id
according to Freud, the last component of an individuals personality to develop is the
superego
what is Freud's term for the executive of the personality that has a realistic plan for the obtaining gratification of an individuals desires
ego
Freud called the developmental stage in which the Oedipus/Electra complex occurs during the
phallic stage
Freud believed that the personality characteristics of overeating, gum chewing, being too dependent, or overly optimistic developed due to fixation during the ____
oral stage
which neo-freudian viewed personality disturbances as resulting from the feelings of inferiority all people share
alfred Alder
Karen Horney disagreed with Freud about the unconscious force that influences behavior. She believed the force was not sexual desire but rather ____
basic anxiety
What is not a current criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory
the significant impact it has had on culture
Albert Bandura's notion that people are affected by their environment but can also influence that environment is known as ______
reciprocal determinism
A baseball player's son is quite talented; he has received lots of rewards over the years. When he gets up to bat he expects to get hit, and when he is in the field he expects to make every catch. According to Bandura, what characteristics does this young man to seem to have?
self-efficacy
_____ theory is called the third force in personality theory
humanistic
in Carl Roger's theory, our perception of our abilites, behaviors, and characteristics is known as ______
self-concept
What represents an example of unconditional positive regard
a parent telling his son he loves him even though he just wrecked the family car
what did Gordon Allport think about traits
He thought they were wired into the nervous system.
how many source traits did Raymond Cattell discover through the process of factor analysis
16
What psychoanalytic theorist most notably influenced the Big Five theory of personality?
Jung
The fact that an outgoing extravert might be very talkative at a party but very quiet at a funeral is an example of
trait-situation interaction
what major conclusion about personality traits emerged from the Minnesota twin study
identical twins are more similar than any other type of sibling
what country would not be considered a collectivist country according to the studies by Geert Hofsrede
united states
what term describes the cultural personailty of the united states according to Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality
high in individualism
what is not considered a disadvantage in the use of interviews fro personality assessment
natural flow of the questions
what personality test relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality
rorschach
what is not the criticism of projective tests
they a projection of the person's unconscious concern
direct observation is most like _____
naturalistic observation
the most commonly used personality inventory is the ______
MMPI-2
what is an advantage to using personality inventories
they are standardized
a personality test that results in statements that are so general that they could apply to just about anyone is a good example of _____
the barnum effect
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Verified questionsQUESTION
The process by which rods and cones change electromagnetic energy into neural messages is called a. adaptation. b. accommodation. c. parallel processing. d. transduction. e. perceptional setting.
Verified answer
PSYCHOLOGY
Choose the letter of the correct term or concept below to complete the sentence. a. motivation b. need c. drive d. incentive e. lateral hypothalamus [LH] f. ventromedial hypothalamus [VMH] g. fundamental needs h. psychological needs i. self-actualization needs j. emotion. The need to belong and to give and receive love are part of an individual’s __________.
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QUESTION
Mnemonic devices are least likely to be dependent upon which of the following? a. Imagery. b. Acronyms. c. Rhymes. d. Chunking. e. Massed rehearsal.
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The definition of psychology changed as the field evolved during the early years. Why did John B. Watson object to the definition preferred by Wundt, Titchener, and James? What group of psychologists did Watson’s ideas influence? How did Watson redefine psychology?
Verified answer
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