How many ways n books can be arranged in a row so that two specified books are not together?

The total no: of arrangement in which all $$n$$ books can be arranged on the shelf without any condition is

 $$^{n}P_{n}=n!$$ ...... $$(i)$$

The books can be together in $$^{2}P_{2}=2!=2$$ ways.

Consider these two books which are kept together as one composite book and with the rest of the $$(n-2)$$ books from$$ (n-1)$$ books which are to be arranged on the shelf then the no: of ways=$$^{n-1}P_{n-1}=(n-1)!$$

Hence by the fundamental principle , the no: of ways on which the two particular books are together =$$2(n-1)!$$ ........ $$(ii)$$

The no: of ways $$ n $$ nooks on a shelf so that two particular books are not together is $$(i)-(ii)$$

So, the number of ways n books can be arranged in a row so that two specified books are not together $ = n! - 2\left( {n - 1} \right)!$.

Note:
Permutation is generally used in the lists where order of the objects matter. Here, specific two books cannot be arranged together. So, we have to use permutation.
Combination is generally used for groups where order of the object does not matter.

OpenStreetMap represents physical features on the ground (e.g., roads or buildings) using tags attached to its basic data structures (its nodes, ways, and relations). Each tag describes a geographic attribute of the feature being shown by that specific node, way or relation.

OpenStreetMap's free tagging system allows the map to include an unlimited number of attributes describing each feature. The community agrees on certain key and value combinations for the most commonly used tags, which act as informal standards. However, users can create new tags to improve the style of the map or to support analyses that rely on previously unmapped attributes of the features. Short descriptions of tags that relate to particular topics or interests can be found using the feature pages.

Most features can be described using only a small number of tags, such as a path with a classification tag such as highway=footway, and perhaps also a name using name=*. But, since this is a worldwide, inclusive map, there can be many different feature types in OpenStreetMap, almost all of them described by tags.

For details of more tags and proposed changes to existing tags see proposed features, inactive features and deprecated features. If you do not find a suitable tag in this list then feel free to make something suitable up as long as the tag values will be verifiable. Over time, you may find that the tag name is changed to fit with some wider consensus. However, many good tags were used first and documented later. For the latest updates of tagging schemes see Changelog.

Primary features

Aerialway

This is used to tag different forms of transportation for people or goods by using aerial wires. For example these may include cable-cars, chair-lifts and drag-lifts. See the page Aerialway for more information on the usage of these tags.

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Aeroway

These are mainly related to aerodromes, airfields other ground facilities that support the operation of airplanes and helicopters. See the page Aeroways for an introduction on mapping these features.

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Amenity

Used to map facilities used by visitors and residents. For example: toilets, telephones, banks, pharmacies, cafes, parking and schools. See the page Amenities for an introduction on its usage.

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Barrier

These are used to describe barriers and obstacles that are usually involved by traveling. See the page Barriers for an introduction on its usage.

Linear barriers

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Access control on highways

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Boundary

These are used to describe administrative and other boundaries. See the page Boundaries for an introduction on its usage.

KeyValueElementCommentRendering examplePhoto

Boundary types

boundaryaboriginal_landsA boundary representing official reservation boundaries of recognized aboriginal / indigenous / native peoples.boundaryadministrativeAn administrative boundary. Subdivisions of areas/territories/jurisdictions recognised by governments or other organisations for administrative purposes. These range from large groups of nation states right down to small administrative districts and suburbs, as indicated by the 'admin_level=*' combo tag.boundaryborder_zoneA border zone is an area near the border where special restrictions on movement apply. Usually a permit is required for visiting.boundaryforestA delimited forest is a land which is predominantly wooded and which is, for this reason, given defined boundaries. It may cover different tree stands, non-wooded areas, highways… but all the area within the boundaries are considered and managed as a single forest.boundaryforest_compartmentA forest compartment is a numbered sub-division within a delimited forest, physically materialized with visible, typically cleared, boundaries.boundaryhazardA designated hazardous area, with a potential source of damage to health, life, property, or any other interest of value.boundarymaritimeMaritime boundaries which are not administrative boundaries: the Baseline, Contiguous Zone and EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone).boundarymarkerA boundary marker, border marker, boundary stone, or border stone is a robust physical marker that identifies the start of a land boundary or the change in a boundary, especially a change in direction of a boundary. See also historic=boundary_stoneboundarynational_parkArea of outstanding natural beauty, set aside for conservation and for recreation (Other languages).boundaryplaceboundary=place is commonly used to map the boundaries of a place=*, when these boundaries can be defined but these are not administrative boundaries.boundarypoliticalElectoral boundariesboundarypostal_codePostal code boundariesboundaryprotected_areaProtected areas, such as for national parks, marine protection areas, heritage sites, wilderness, cultural assets and similar.

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boundaryspecial_economic_zoneA government-defined area in which business and trade laws are different.boundarydisputedAn area of landed claimed by two or more parties (use with caution). See also Disputed territories.boundaryuser definedAll commonly used values according to Taginfo

Attributes

admin_level(number)Applies to boundary=administrative and is usually in the range 1 to 10, except for several countries (Bolivia, Germany, Mozambique, Netherlands, Philippines, Poland, Turkmenistan, Venezuela) where it is in the range 1 to 11 – see boundary.border_type*To distinguish between types of boundary where admin_level isn't enough. Used in several different ways e.g in maritime contexts.start_date(date)Useful if the boundary is very recent (or if it will become effective in a near future).

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Building

This is used to identify individual buildings or groups of connected buildings. See the page Buildings for further details on the usage of this tag and man_made=* for tagging of various other structures. The building tags are intended for the physical description of a building: for functions in the building (e.g. police station, church, townhall, museum) you should add additional tags like amenity=*, tourism=*, shop=* etc.

For example mapping building=supermarket is not enough to mark place as having an active supermarket shop, it just marks that building has form typical for supermarket buildings. shop=supermarket must be mapped to indicate an active supermarket shop. On the other hand shop=*/amenity=* is not indicating building by itself, building must be mapped with building=* tag.

Additional attributes

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Craft

This is used as a place that produces or processes customised goods. See the page Crafts for more information on the usage of these tags.

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Emergency

This is used to describe the location of emergency facilities and equipment. See the page Emergency for an introduction on its usage.

Medical rescue

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Firefighters

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Lifeguards

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Assembly point

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Other structure

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Geological

This is used to describe the geological makeup of an area. See the page Geological for an introduction on its usage.

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Healthcare

Healthcare features

Also see Map features#Healthcare which includes healthcare features under amenity=*. There is a full list of healthcare features at Healthcare.

See additional details at Key:healthcare such as healthcare:speciality=* and healthcare:counselling=*.

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Highway

This is used to describe roads and footpaths. For an introduction on its usage see the page titled Highways. See the page titled Restrictions for an introduction on access limitations by vehicles type, time, day, load and purpose, etc.

KeyValueElementCommentRendering cartoExamples

Roads

These are the principal tags for the road network. They range from the most to least important.

highwaymotorwayA restricted access major divided highway, normally with 2 or more running lanes plus emergency hard shoulder. Equivalent to the Freeway, Autobahn, etc..highwaytrunkThe most important roads in a country's system that aren't motorways. (Need not necessarily be a divided highway.)highwayprimaryThe next most important roads in a country's system. (Often link larger towns.)highwaysecondaryThe next most important roads in a country's system. (Often link towns.)highway[[ Too many Data Items entities accessed. | tertiary ]]The next most important roads in a country's system. (Often link smaller towns and villages)highwayunclassifiedThe least important through roads in a country's system – i.e. minor roads of a lower classification than tertiary, but which serve a purpose other than access to properties. (Often link villages and hamlets.)

The word 'unclassified' is a historical artefact of the UK road system and does not mean that the classification is unknown; you can use highway=road for that.

highwayresidentialRoads which serve as an access to housing, without function of connecting settlements. Often lined with housing.

Link roads

highwaymotorway_linkThe link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a motorway from/to a motorway or lower class highway. Normally with the same motorway restrictions.highwaytrunk_linkThe link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a trunk road from/to a trunk road or lower class highway.highwayprimary_linkThe link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a primary road from/to a primary road or lower class highway.highwaysecondary_linkThe link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a secondary road from/to a secondary road or lower class highway.highwaytertiary_linkThe link roads (sliproads/ramps) leading to/from a tertiary road from/to a tertiary road or lower class highway.

Special road types

highwayliving_streetFor living streets, which are residential streets where pedestrians have legal priority over cars, speeds are kept very low and where children are allowed to play on the street.highwayserviceFor access roads to, or within an industrial estate, camp site, business park, car park, alleys, etc. Can be used in conjunction with service=* to indicate the type of usage and with access=* to indicate who can use it and in what circumstances.highwaypedestrianFor roads used mainly/exclusively for pedestrians in shopping and some residential areas which may allow access by motorised vehicles only for very limited periods of the day. To create a 'square' or 'plaza' create a closed way and tag as pedestrian and also with area=yes.highwaytrackRoads for mostly agricultural or forestry uses. To describe the quality of a track, see tracktype=*. Note: Although tracks are often rough with unpaved surfaces, this tag is not describing the quality of a road but its use. Consequently, if you want to tag a general use road, use one of the general highway values instead of track.highwaybus_guidewayA busway where the vehicle guided by the way (though not a railway) and is not suitable for other traffic. Please note: this is not a normal bus lane, use access=no, psv=yes instead!highwayescapeFor runaway truck ramps, runaway truck lanes, emergency escape ramps, or truck arrester beds. It enables vehicles with braking failure to safely stop.highwayracewayA course or track for (motor) racinghighwayroadA road/way/street/motorway/etc. of unknown type. It can stand for anything ranging from a footpath to a motorway. This tag should only be used temporarily until the road/way/etc. has been properly surveyed. If you do know the road type, do not use this value, instead use one of the more specific highway=* values.highwaybuswayA dedicated roadway for bus rapid transit systems

Paths

highwayfootwayFor designated footpaths; i.e., mainly/exclusively for pedestrians. This includes walking tracks and gravel paths. If bicycles are allowed as well, you can indicate this by adding a bicycle=yes tag. Should not be used for paths where the primary or intended usage is unknown. Use highway=pedestrian for pedestrianised roads in shopping or residential areas and highway=track if it is usable by agricultural or similar vehicles. For ramps (sloped paths without steps), combine this tag with incline=*.highwaybridlewayFor horse riders. Pedestrians are usually also permitted, cyclists may be permitted depending on local rules/laws. Motor vehicles are forbidden.highwaystepsFor flights of steps (stairs) on footways. Use with step_count=* to indicate the number of stepshighwaycorridorFor a hallway inside of a building.highwaypathA non-specific path. Use highway=footway for paths mainly for walkers, highway=cycleway for one also usable by cyclists, highway=bridleway for ones available to horse riders as well as walkers and highway=track for ones which is passable by agriculture or similar vehicles.

When sidewalk/crosswalk is tagged as a separate way

footwaysidewalkSidewalk that runs typically along residential road. Use in combination with highway=footway or highway=pathfootwaycrossingCrosswalk that connects two sidewalks on the opposite side of the road. Often recognized by painted markings on the road, road sign or traffic lights. Use in combination with highway=footway or highway=path. Useful information is presence of tactile_paving=*, wheelchair=* suitability and kerb=* represented as a node on the crosswalk way.

When sidewalk (or pavement) is tagged on the main roadway (see Sidewalks)

sidewalkboth | left | right | noSpecifies that the highways has sidewalks on both sides, on one side or no sidewalk at all

When cycleway is drawn as its own way (see Bicycle)

highwaycyclewayFor designated cycleways. Add foot=*, though it may be avoided if default-access-restrictions do apply.

Cycleway tagged on the main roadway or lane (see Bicycle)

cyclewaylaneA lane is a route that lies within the roadwaycyclewayoppositeUsed on ways with oneway=yes where it is legally permitted to cycle in both directions. Used together with oneway:bicycle=no.cyclewayopposite_laneUsed on ways with oneway=yes that have a cycling lane going the opposite direction of normal traffic flow (a "contraflow" lane). Used together with oneway:bicycle=no.

cyclewaytrackA track provides a route that is separated from traffic. In the United States, this term is often used to refer to bike lanes that are separated from lanes for cars by pavement buffers, bollards, parking lanes, and curbs. Note that a cycle track may alternatively be drawn as a separate way next to the road which is tagged as highway=cycleway.cyclewayopposite_trackUsed on ways with oneway=yes that have a cycling track going the opposite direction of normal traffic flow. Used together with oneway:bicycle=no.cyclewayshare_buswayThere is a bus lane that cyclists are permitted to use.cyclewayopposite_share_buswayUsed on ways with oneway=yes that have a bus lane that cyclists are also permitted to use, and which go in the opposite direction to normal traffic flow (a "contraflow" bus lane). Used together with oneway:bicycle=no.cyclewayshared_laneCyclists share a lane with motor vehicles, but there are markings indicating that they should share the lane with motorists. In some places these markings are known as "sharrows" ('sharing arrows') and this is the tag to use for those.buswaylaneBus lane on both sides of the road. (See also: Parallel scheme for bus/psv lane tagging lanes:bus=* / lanes:psv=*)

Street parking tagged on the main roadway (see Street parking)

parking :left / :right / :both
(hereafter: parking:side)lane | street_side | on_kerb | half_on_kerb | shoulder | no | separate | yesPrimary key to record parking along the street. Desribes the parking position of parked vehicles in the street.parking:sideorientation=*parallel | diagonal | perpendicularTo specify the orientation of parked vehicles if there is street parking.

Lifecycle (see also lifecycle prefixes)

highwayproposedFor planned roads, use with proposed=* and a value of the proposed highway value.highwayconstructionFor roads under construction. Use construction=* to hold the value for the completed road.different colours

Attributes

abutterscommercial | industrial | mixed | residential | retail etc.See Key:abutters for more details.bicycle_roadyesA bicycle road is a road designated for bicycles. If residential streets get the status of bicycle roads, normally, by special signs, motor traffic is admitted with limited speed, often only for residents.bus_bayboth | left | rightA bus bay outside the main carriageway for boarding/alightingchangeyes | no | not_right | not_left | only_right | only_leftSpecify the allowed/forbidden lane changesdestinationDestination when following a linear feature

embankmentyes | dykeA dyke or a raised bank to carry a road, railway, or canal across a low-lying or wet area.embedded_railsyes |A highway on which non-railway traffic is also allowed has railway tracks embedded in it but the rails are mapped as separate ways.fordyesThe road crosses through stream or river, vehicles must enter any water.ice_roadyesA highway is laid upon frozen water basin, definitely doesn't exist in summer.inclineNumber % | ° | up | downIncline steepness as percents ("5%") or degrees ("20°"). Positive/negative values indicate movement upward/downwards in the direction of the way.junctionroundaboutThis automatically implies oneway=yes, the oneway direction is defined by the sequential ordering of nodes within the Way. This applies on a way, tagged with highway=* already.lanesThe number of traffic lanes for general purpose traffic, also for buses and other specific classes of vehicle.lityes | noStreet lightingmaxspeedSpecifies the maximum legal speed limit on a road, railway or waterway.

motorroadyes | noThe motorroad tag is used to describe highways that have motorway-like access restrictions but that are not a motorway.

mountain_passyesThe highest point of a mountain pass.mtb:scale0-6Applies to highway=path and highway=track. A classification scheme for mtb trails (few inclination and downhill).mtb:scale :uphill0-5A classification scheme for mtb trails for going uphill if there is significant inclination.mtb:scale :imba0-4The IMBA Trail Difficulty Rating System shall be used for bikeparks. It is adapted to mtb trails with artificial obstacles.mtb:descriptionTextApplies to highway=path and highway=track. A key to input variable infos related to mtbiking on a way with human wordsonewayyes | no | reversibleOneway streets are streets where you are only allowed to drive in one direction.overtakingyes | no | caution | both | forward | backwardSpecifying sections of roads where overtaking is legally forbidden. Use overtaking:forward=yes/no/caution and overtaking:backward=yes/no/caution when it depends on driving direction.parking:laneparallel | diagonal | perpendicular | marked | no_parking | no_stopping | fire_lane.Deprecated variant to map parking along streets. See section on street parking above or the street parking page for more details.parking:conditionfree | ticket | disc | residents | customers | privateDeprecated variant to map parking conditions along streets. See section on street parking above or the street parking page for more details.passing_placesyesA way which has frequent passing places (See also: highway=passing_place)priorityforward | backwardTraffic priority for narrow parts of roads, e.g. narrow bridges.

priority_roaddesignated | yes_unposted | endSpecifying roads signposted as priority roads.

sac_scalehiking | mountain_hiking | demanding_mountain_hiking | alpine_hiking | demanding_alpine_hiking | difficult_alpine_hikingApplies to highway=path and highway=footway. A classification scheme for hiking trails.servicealley | driveway | parking_aisle etc.See Key:service for more details.smoothnessexcellent | good | intermediate | bad | very_bad | horrible | very_horrible | impassableSee Key:smoothness for more details.surfacepaved | unpaved | asphalt | concrete | paving_stones | sett | cobblestone | metal | wood | compacted | fine_gravel | gravel | pebblestone | plastic | grass_paver | grass | dirt | earth | mud | sand | groundSee Key:surface for more details.tactile_pavingyes | noA paving in the ground to be followed with a blindman's stick.Not to be rendered on standard maps.tracktypegrade1 | grade2 | grade3 | grade4 | grade5To describe the quality of the surface. See Key:tracktype for more information.traffic_calmingbump | hump | table | island | cushion | yes | etc.See Key:traffic calming for more details.trail_visibilityexcellent | good | intermediate | bad | horrible | noApplies to highway=path, highway=footway, highway=cycleway and highway=bridleway. A classification for hiking trails visibilitytrailblazedyes | no | poles | cairns | symbolsApplies to highway=*. Describing trail blazing and marking. See Key:trailblazed for more information.trailblazed:visibilityexcellent | good | intermediate | bad | horrible | noApplies to trailblazed=*. A classification for visibility of trailblazing. See Key:trailblazed:visibility for more information.turnleft | slight_left | through | right | slight_right | merge_to_left | merge_to_right | reverseThe key turn can be used to specify the direction in which a way or a lane will lead.

widthThe width of a feature.winter_roadyesA highway functions during winter, probably can't be driven in summer.

Other highway features

highwaybus_stopA small bus stop. Optionally one may also use public_transport=stop_position for the position where the vehicle stops and public_transport=platform for the place where passengers wait.highwaycrossingA.k.a. crosswalk. Pedestrians can cross a street here; e.g., zebra crossinghighwayelevatorAn elevator or lift, used to travel vertically, providing passenger and freight access between pathways at different floor levels.highwayemergency_bayAn area beside a highway where you can safely stop your car in case of breakdown or emergency.

highwayemergency_access_pointSign number which can be used to define your current position in case of an emergency. Use with ref=NUMBER_ON_THE_SIGNhighwaygive_wayA "give way," or "Yield" signemergencyphoneA calling device can be used to tell on your current position in case of an emergency. Use with ref=NUMBER_ON_THE_SIGNhighwaymilestoneHighway location markerhighwaymini_roundaboutSimilar to roundabouts, but at the center there is either a painted circle or a fully traversable island. In case of an untraversable center island, junction=roundabout should be used.

Rendered as anti-clockwise by default direction=anticlockwise. To render clockwise add the tag direction=clockwise.

highwaymotorway_junctionIndicates a junction (UK) or exit (US). ref=* should be set to the exit number or junction identifier. (Some roads – e.g., the A14 – also carry junction numbers, so the tag may be encountered elsewhere despite its name)highwaypassing_placeThe location of a passing spacehighwayplatformA platform at a bus stop or station.highwayrest_areaPlace where drivers can leave the road to rest, but not refuel.highwayservicesA service station to get food and eat something, often found at motorwayshighwayspeed_cameraA fixed road-side or overhead speed camera.highwaystopA stop signhighwaystreet_lampA street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road, which is turned on or lit at a certain time every nighthighwaytoll_gantryA toll gantry is a gantry suspended over a way, usually a motorway, as part of a system of electronic toll collection. For a toll booth with any kind of barrier or booth see: barrier=toll_boothhighwaytraffic_mirrorMirror that reflects the traffic on one road when direct view is blocked.highwaytraffic_signalsLights that control the traffichighwaytrailheadDesignated place to start on a trail or routehighwayturning_circleA turning circle is a rounded, widened area usually, but not necessarily, at the end of a road to facilitate easier turning of a vehicle. Also known as a cul de sac.highwayturning_loopA widened area of a highway with a non-traversable island for turning around, often circular and at the end of a road.highwayUser DefinedAll commonly used values according to Taginfo

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Historic

This is used to describe various historic places. For example: archaeological sites, wrecks, ruins, castles and ancient buildings. See the page titled Historic for an introduction on its usage.

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Landuse

This is used to describe the purpose for which an area of land is being used. See the page Landuse for an introduction on its usage.

KeyValueElementDescriptionRenderingPhoto

Common landuse key values - developed land

landusecommercialPredominantly commercial businesses and their offices. Commercial businesses which sell goods should be categorised as landuse=retail. Commercial businesses can sell services on site and may include private Doctor's Surgeries, and those non-government services for mental and physical health, such as a Counsellor's or Physiotherapist's practice or Veterinary. Government services and businesses should not use this tag. Commercial businesses can also include office buildings and business parks which have limited interface with the public and sell their services either on site, or externally. Commercial businesses have low amounts of public foot traffic.landuseconstructionA site which is under active development and construction of a building or structure, including any purposeful alteration to the land or vegetation upon it. Abandoned construction projects and sites should not use this tag.landuseeducationAn area predominately used for educational purposes/facilities.landuseindustrialPredominantly industrial landuses such as workshops, factories, or warehouses.landuseresidentialLand where people reside; predominantly residential detached (single houses, grouped dwellings), or attached (apartments, flats, units) dwellings. For "Mixed-Use" areas where more than half of the land is residential, tag as residential.landuseretailPredominantly retail businesses such as shops. Retail businesses sell physical goods such as food (prepared or grocery), clothing, medicine, stationary, appliances, tools, or other similar physical items. Retail businesses have high amounts of public foot traffic. Retail businesses do not exclusively provide or sell their services. For businesses which sell services see landuse=commercial.

Generally a member of the public could freely walk into and access a retail business. Retail is a subset of commercial, but should be used and treated as mutually exclusive in OpenStreetMap.

landuseinstitutionalKeyValueElementDescriptionRenderingPhoto

Common landuse key values - rural and agricultural land

landuseaquacultureis the farming of freshwater and saltwater organisms such as finfish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants.currently not rendered by osm-cartolanduseallotmentsA piece of land given over to local residents for growing vegetables and flowers.landusefarmlandAn area of farmland used for tillage (cereals, vegetables, oil plants, flowers).landusefarmyardAn area of land with farm buildings like farmhouse, dwellings, farmsteads, sheds, stables, barns, equipment sheds, feed bunkers, etc. plus the open space in between them and the shrubbery/trees around them.landuseflowerbedAn area designated for flowerslanduseforestManaged forest or woodland plantation (Other languages). Some use this to map an area of trees rather than the use of the land. See Forest.landusegreenhouse_horticultureArea used for growing plants in greenhouseslandusemeadowA meadow or pasture: land primarily vegetated by grass and non-woody plants, mainly used for hay or grazinglanduseorchardintentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food productionlanduseplant_nurseryintentional planting of plants maintaining for the production of new plantslandusevineyardA piece of land where grapes are grown.KeyValueElementDescriptionRenderingPhoto

Common landuse key values - waterbody

Warning: currently, there is no convention on the exact meaning of this tag. Therefore, it makes sense to treat it like "boundary of aquaculture" (without implication of water body), which means, water body should be tagged by its own, using natural=water etc.}}}

landusebasinAn area artificially graded to hold water.

Together with basin=* for stormwater/rainwater infiltration/detention/retention basins.

Other languages.

landusereservoirlandusesalt_pondA place where salt (saline) water is evaporated to extract its salt.KeyValueElementDescriptionRenderingPhoto

Other landuse key values

landusebrownfieldDescribes land scheduled for new development where old buildings have been demolished and clearedlandusecemeteryPlace for burials. You can add religion=* (values listed in the place of worship page). Smaller places (e.g. with a church nearby) may use amenity=grave_yard instead.landuseconservationProtected areas (deprecated) Alternate tagging of same thing: boundary=protected_area, protected_area=*landusedepotAn area used as a depot for e.g. vehicles (trains, buses or trams). Consider using rather standard landuse tags like landuse=railway, landuse=commercial, landuse=industrial, with subtag like industrial=depot.currently not rendered by osm-cartolandusegaragesOne level buildings with boxes commonly for cars, usually made of brick and metal. Usually this area belong to garage cooperative with own name, chairman, budget, rules, security, etc.landusegrassAn area of mown and managed grass not otherwise covered by a more specific tag. Some view this as not a landuse, see the main page landuse=grass for discussion.landusegreenfieldDescribes land scheduled for new development where there have been no buildings before. A greenfield is scheduled to turn into a construction site

(not rendered)

landuselandfillPlace where waste is dumped.landusemilitaryFor land areas owned/used by the military for whatever purposelanduseportcoastal industrial area where commercial traffic is handled. Consider using landuse=industrial + industrial=port for this type of industrial area.currently not rendered by osm-cartolandusequarrySurface mineral extractionlanduserailwayArea for railway use, generally off-limits to the general publiclanduserecreation_groundAn open green space for general recreation, which may include pitches, nets and so on, usually municipal but possibly also private to colleges or companieslandusereligiousAn area used for religious purposeslandusevillage_greenA village green is a distinctive area of grassy public land in a village centre. Not a generic tag for urban greenery. It is a typical English term – defined separately from 'common land' under the Commons Registration Act 1965 and the Commons Act 2006.landusewinter_sportsAn area dedicated to winter sports (e.g. skiing)landuseuser definedAll commonly used values according to Taginfo

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Leisure

This is used to tag leisure and sports facilities. See the page titled Leisure for an introduction on its usage.

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Man made

A tag for identifying man made (artificial) structures that are added to the landscape. See man_made=* for an introduction on its usage.

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Military

This is used for facilities and on land used by the military. These may include the Navy, Army, Air Force and Marines. See the page titled Military for an introduction on its usage.

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Natural

This is used to describe natural and physical land features. These also include features that have been modified by humans.

Vegetation

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Office

An office is a place of business where administrative or professional work is carried out.

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Place

See: Generic:Map Features:place.

This is used mainly to give details about settlements. See the page titled Places for an introduction on its usage.

Administratively declared places

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Populated settlements, urban

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Populated settlements, urban and rural

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Other places

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Additional attributes

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Power

These are used to map electrical power generation and distributions systems. See Power for an introduction on its usage.

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Public transport

This is used for features related to public transport. For example: railway stations, bus stops and services. See the page titled Public transport for an introduction on its usage.

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Railway

Main article: Railways

This tag includes all kinds of railways ranging from heavily used mainline railways to an abandoned rail line.

KeyValueElementCommentRendering cartoPhoto

Tracks

railwayabandonedThe course of a former railway which has been abandoned and the track removed. The course is still recognized through embankments, cuttings, tree rows, bridges, tunnels, remaining track ties, building shapes and rolling or straight ways. For demolished rails that are no longer identifiable, e.g. that have been built over, some use the highly questionable railway=razed.currently not rendered by osm-cartorailwayconstructionRailway under construction.railwaydisusedA section of railway which is no longer used but where the track and infrastructure remains in place. The track is likely overgrown.railwayfunicularCable driven inclined railways on a steep slope, with a pair of cars connected by one cablerailwaylight_railA higher-standard tram system, normally in its own right-of-way. Often it connects towns and thus reaches a considerable length (tens of kilometers).railwayminiatureMiniature railways are narrower than narrow gauge and carry passengers, frequently at an exact scale of "standard-sized" rail (for example "1/4 scale"). They can often be found in parks.railwaymonorailA railway with only a single rail. A monorail can run above the rail like in Las Vegas and Disneyland or can suspend below the rail like the Wuppertal Schwebebahn (Germany).railwaynarrow_gaugeNarrow-gauge passenger or freight trains. Narrow gauge railways can have mainline railway service like the Rhaetian Railway in Switzerland or can be a small light industrial railway. Use gauge=* to specify the actual width of rails in mm.railwaypreservedA railway running historic trains, usually a tourist attraction. Using railway:preserved=yes is an alternate method to mark railway as preserved.railwayrailFull sized passenger or freight trains in the standard gauge for the country or state.railwaysubwayA city passenger rail service running mostly grade separated (see Wikipedia:rapid transit). Often a significant portion of the line or its system/network is underground.railwaytramOne or two carriage rail vehicles, usually sharing motor road, sometimes called "street running" (Other languages).

Additional features

bridgeyesIf the railway goes over a street, waterway or other railway on an elevated structure.cuttingyesA section where the railway is significantly lower than ground level, but not underground.electrifiedcontact_line
rail
yes
nocontact_line: a power line over the train head
rail: a third rail near the track supplying the train with power
yes: electrified track, but no details available
no: track with no power supply.embankmentyesA section where the railway is raised significantly higher than ground levelembedded_railsyes/Specifies that a highway on which non-railway traffic is also allowed has railway tracks embedded in it but the rails are mapped as separate ways.frequencynumber [Hz]The frequency with which a line is electrified. Use 0 for DC. Also see the voltage tag.railway:track_refnumberTrack numberservicecrossoverRelatively short lengths of track which switch traffic from one parallel line to anotherservicesidingRelatively short lengths of track, running parallel to (and connected to) a main routeservicespurRelatively short lengths of track, built to give one company or entity access to a main or branch line.serviceyardTracks within railway company operated marshaling or maintenance yards.tunnelyesIf the railway goes below ground. Most subways have this tagtracksnumberNumber of parallel tracks in close proximity when mapped as one single way representing all tracks. If not given means unknown and defaults to 1. In many parts of the world the tracks are being drawn out separately so that there is more detail, in which case this tag isn't used.usagemain
branch
industrial
military
tourismmain line: heavy traffic
branch line: connecting places with a mainline
industrial: servicing large plants (iron, chemical etc.), surface mining, …
military: servicing military area
tourism: most mountain rails (rack-rails, funicular) and preserved railways.voltagenumberThe voltage with which a line is electrified. Also see the frequency tag.

Stations and Stops

railwayhaltA small station without switchespublic_transportstop_positionThe position on the railway track where the train (its center) stops at a platform. This is useful for routing on long platforms where also short trains stop and on long platforms where multiple trains stop behind each other. See also public_transport=stop_area.public_transportplatformThis is parallel to the rail line for showing where the actual platforms are. It is also to know where you can change platform and enter the station, so use footpaths to connect them. This is really useful for routing too. Use only if the platform is served by public transport.railwayplatformThis is parallel to the rail line for showing where the actual platforms are. It is also to know where you can change platform and enter the station, so use footpaths to connect them. This is really useful for routing too. Use in addition to public_transport=platform.public_transportstationRailway passenger only station.railwaystationRailway passenger and/or cargo station. Use in addition to public_transport=station.railwaysubway_entranceThe entrance to a subway station, usually going from surface to underground.railwaytram_stopA tram stop is a place where a passenger can embark / disembark a tram.

Other railways

railwaybuffer_stopstops the train at the end of a track. see Buffer_stop.currently not rendered by osm-cartorailwayderaila device used to prevent fouling of a rail track by unauthorized movements of trains or unattended rolling stock. See Derail_(railroad).currently not rendered by osm-cartorailwaycrossingA point where pedestrians may cross.railwaylevel_crossingA point where rails and roads cross.railwaytram_level_crossingA point where trams and roads cross.

landuserailwayGround used around railways and railway-stations.same rendering as landuse=industrial, but without border (see above)railwaysignalAny kind of railway signal.currently not rendered by osm-cartorailwayswitchFull connections between railways (aka 'points').currently not rendered by osm-cartorailwayrailway_crossingCrossing rails with no interconnection.currently not rendered by osm-cartorailwayturntableThese are used for changing the direction that part of a train is pointing in.: currently not rendered by osm-carto

:

railwayroundhouseA semicircular building with many stalls for servicing engines.Without building=*: currently not rendered by osm-carto

With building=*: same as building=*

railwaytraverserThese are used for changing trains between railways. Also known as transfer table.: currently not rendered by osm-carto

: currently not rendered by osm-carto

railwaywashA Railroad car washcurrently not rendered by osm-cartorailwaywater_craneA structure to deliver water to steam locomotivescurrently not rendered by osm-cartorailwayventilation_shaftA structure that allows ventilation in underground tunnelscurrently not rendered by osm-cartorailwayuser definedAll commonly used values according to Taginfo– – –– – –

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Route

Main article: relation:route

This is used to describe routes of all different kinds.

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Shop

The shop tag is used as a place of business that has stocked goods for sale. See the page titled Shop for an introduction on its usage.

KeyValueCommentRendering on default layer (osm-carto)Photo

Food, beverages

shopalcoholShop selling alcohol to take awayshopbakeryShop focused on selling breadshopbeveragesShop focused on selling alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. See also shop=alcohol.shopbrewing_suppliesShop focused on selling supplies for home brewing of beer, wine and spirits (where permitted).shopbutcherShop focused on selling meatshopcheeseShop focused on selling cheese.shopchocolateShop focused on selling chocolate.shopcoffeeShop focused on selling coffee.shopconfectioneryShop focused on selling sweets or candyshopconvenienceA small local shop carrying a small subset of the items you would find in a supermarketshopdeliShop focused on selling delicatessen (fine foods, gourmet foods), possibly also fine wine. Not to be confused with the US delis.shopdairyShop focused on selling dairy products.shopfarmShop or roadside stand focused on selling freshly harvested farm produceshopfrozen_foodShop focused on selling frozen food.shopgreengrocerShop focused on selling vegetables and fruits.shophealth_foodA health food shop; selling wholefoods, vitamins, nutrition supplements and meat and dairy alternatives.shopice_creamShop selling ice cream. See also amenity=ice_cream.shoporganicShop focused on selling organic food. Alternatively you can use the more versatile organic=* in combination with a general shop=* key (In this case: shop=supermarket or shop=convenience).shoppastaShop focused on selling (fresh) pasta, ravioli, etc.shoppastryShop focused on selling baked sweets like cakes, biscuits, strudel and pies.shopseafoodShop focused on selling fish/seafood.shopspicesShop focused on selling spices.shopteaShop focused on selling tea.shopwineShop selling wine.shopwaterShop focused on selling drinking water.

General store, department store, mall

shopdepartment_storeA single large store – often multiple storeys high – selling a large variety of goods (see also shop=mall)shopgeneralA store that carries a general line of merchandise. (see also shop=convenience if it sells food).shopkioskA small shop on the pavement that sells magazines, tobacco, newspapers, sweets and stamps.shopmallA shopping mall – multiple stores under one roof (also known as a shopping centre)shopsupermarketSupermarket – a large store with groceries and other itemsshopwholesaleWholesale/warehouse club or cash and carry - a store that sells items in bulk to retailers. The branch of industry can be defined with wholesale=*.

Clothing, shoes, accessories

shopbaby_goodsShop focused on selling objects for babies (clothes, prams, cots, toys).shopbagShop focused on selling bags.shopboutiqueA small shopping outlet, especially one that specializes in elite and fashionable itemsshopclothesShop focused on selling clothes and/or underwear (other related value in use is fashion)shopfabricShop focused on selling fabric and other materials for the purpose of making clothes and other products, eg dress making.shop[[ Too many Data Items entities accessed. | fashion ]]Shop focused on selling fashion. This is deprecated, please use shop=clothes.shopfashion_accessoriesShop focused on selling fashion accessories.shopjewelryJewellers shops.shopleatherShop focused on selling products made out of leather.shopsewingA shop that sells sewing supplies (fabric, thread, yarn, knitting needles, sewing machines, etc.)shopshoesShop focused on selling shoes.shoptailorA place where clothing is made, repaired, or altered professionally, especially suits and men's clothingshopwatchesShop focused on selling watches.shopwoolShop selling wool for making of clothes or other products.

Discount store, charity

shopcharityA charity shop is a shop operated by a charity, for the purposes of fundraising.shopsecond_handA shop buying and selling used clothes and other things. See also shop=pawnbrokershopvariety_storeA variety store retailer is a retail store that sells inexpensive items, sometimes with a single price point for all items in the store.

Health and beauty

shopbeautyA non-hairdresser beauty shop, spa, nail salon, etc.. See also shop=hairdresser.shopchemistShop focused on selling articles of personal hygiene, cosmetics, and household cleaning products (for a shop that potentially dispenses prescription drugs, cf. pharmacy. U.S. drug store, see amenity=pharmacy)shopcosmeticsShop focused on selling cosmeticsshopdrugstoreThis tag is discouraged. Please use either shop=chemist (if they sell prescription-free drugs, cosmetics, household cleaning products, etc.) or amenity=pharmacy (if they offer prescription drugs).shoperoticShop focused on selling erotic toys, -clothes or other erotic stuff.shophairdresserHere you can get your hair cut, coloured, … See also shop=beautyshophairdresser_supplyA shop, where you can buy hairdressing supplies.shophearing_aidsShop focused on selling hearing aids devicesshopherbalistShop focused on selling herbs, often for medical purposes. (See also: healthcare:speciality=herbalism and healthcare=alternative).shopmassageA massage shopshopmedical_supplyShop focused on selling medical supplies.shopnutrition_supplementsShops that sells one or more nutritional supplements (of vitamins, minerals and/or herbs)shopopticianShop focused on selling eyeglasses, contact lenses (may also check your eyes).shopperfumeryShop focused on selling perfumeryshoptattooA tattoo parlour.

Do-it-yourself, household, building materials, gardening

shopagrarianShop focused on selling agrarian products, like seeds, agricultural machinery, animal feed, etc.shopapplianceShop focused on selling large electrical items (aka white goods) washing machines, fridges, cookers, ovens, fans, etc.shopbathroom_furnishingShop focused on selling bathroom furniture and accessoriesshopdoityourselfShop focused on selling tools and supplies to do-it-yourself householders, gardening, …shopelectricalShop focused on selling electrical supplies and devicesshopenergyShop focused on selling energyshopfireplaceShop focused on selling electric fireplaces, stoves or masonry heaters and required fuelsshopfloristShop focused on selling bouquets of flowers (see shop=garden_centre for potted flowers).shopgarden_centreShop focused on selling potted flowers, maybe even trees (see also shop=florist for flower bouquets).shopgarden_furnitureShop focused on selling garden furniture (sheds, outdoor tables, gates, fences, ...). See shop=garden_centre if also plants are sold.shopgasShop focused on selling technical gas, such as argon, oxygen, acetylene, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc. in pressurized containersshopglazieryShop focused on selling and installing glazing for windows and doors.shopgroundskeepingShop focused on selling outdoor groundskeeping equipment (lawnmowers, chainsaws, small tractors, ...shophardwareShop focused on selling building supplies including screws, bolts & paints, … See also shop=doityourselfshophousewareShop focused on selling crockery, cutlery, kitchenware, small household appliances.shoplocksmithShop focused on selling keys, see also craft=locksmith and craft=key_cuttershoppaintShop focused on selling paints.shopsecurityShop focused on selling security items like burglar alarms, vaults, locking systems, video surveillance cameras, firefighting equipment, alarm systems, warning systems, etc.shoptradeShop focused on selling one or more building supplies such as timber/wood, cement etc. See also shop=doityourselfshopwindowsThis tag is deprecated. Please use craft=window_construction instead.

Furniture and interior

shopantiquesShop focused on selling antiques.shopbedShop focused on selling mattresses and other bedding products.shopcandlesShop focused on selling candles and candle accessories (holders, etc)shopcarpetShop focused on selling carpetsshopcurtainShop focused on selling curtains or drapes (see also shop=fabric)shopdoorsShop focused on selling doorsshopflooringShop focused on selling flooringsshopfurnitureShop focused on selling furniture, might range from small decorational items to a whole flat interiorshophousehold_linenShop focused on selling household linen.shopinterior_decorationShop focused on selling interior decorations.shopkitchenA shop where you can plan and buy your kitchen. (Sometimes called "kitchen studio" and the like, but plain kitchen is the most frequently used tag so far.)shoplampsUse shop=lighting instead.shoplightingA shop selling lighting fixtures and lamps.shoptilesShop focused on selling tiles.shopwindow_blindShop focused on selling window blinds.

Electronics

shopcomputerShop focused on selling computers, peripherals, software, …shopelectronicsShop focused on selling consumer electronics (TV, radio, …). Larger ones may also sell computers, fridges, …shophifiShop focused on selling High Fidelity or High End environment to listen music or watch films at homeshopmobile_phoneShop focused on selling mobile phones and accessoriesshopradiotechnicsShop focused on selling electronic components, electrical products, radio measuring devices, supplies for radio and electronics.shoptelecommunicationShop selling internet, television or similar services, and related hardware.shopvacuum_cleanerShop focused on selling vacuum cleaners and associated products.

Outdoors and sport, vehicles

shopatvshopbicycleShop focused on selling bicycles, bicycle equipment and may rent or repair themshopboatShop focused on selling boats, boat equipment and may rent or repair themshopcarCar store – a place to buy cars or to get your car repairedshopcar_repairShop focused on car repair (usually independent of a specific car brand).shopcar_partsShop focused on selling auto parts, auto accessories, motor oil, car chemicals, etc.shopcaravanA shop for caravans, motorhomes & similar recreational vehicles.shopfuelShop selling fuels (motor fuel, wood, coal, gas) that can't be considered a amenity=fuel (fuel station). Use fuel:*=yes/no to indicate which fuels are available.shopfishingShop focused on selling fishing equipment.shopgolfShop focused on selling golf equipment.shophuntingShop focused on selling gun and hunting equipment.shopjetskiShop focused on selling jetskis, jetski equipment and may rent or repair themshopmilitary_surplusShop selling used military equipmentshopmotorcycleShop focused on selling motorcycles and/or related accessories, clothes, parts, and rental services.shopoutdoorShop focused on selling camping, walking, climbing, and other outdoor sports equipment (GPSes, etc.)shopscuba_divingShop focused on selling scuba diving equipment.shopskiShop focused on selling skis, ski equipment and may rent or repair themshopsnowmobileShop focused on selling snowmobiles, snowmobile equipment and may rent or repair themshopsportsShop focused on selling sporting goods.shopswimming_poolA store that sells swimming pool equipment and supplies.shoptrailerShop focused on selling trailers and parts and/or repairing / renting themshoptyresShop focused on selling tyres.

Art, music, hobbies

shopartShop which sells works of art. May be paintings, sculpture, or other types of artshopcameraA shop mainly selling cameras and lensesshopcollectorA shop for different collector's items like stamps, coins, action figures, etc.shopcraftAn arts and crafts supply store. Commonly sold items are paper, canvas, paint, pencils, crafting wood, crafting tools, etc. - look at craft=*shopframeShop focused on selling frames.shopgamesShop focused on selling board games, card games and/or role-playing games.shopmodelShop specialising in the sale of scale models.shopmusicShop focused on selling recorded music (vinyl/CDs/...)shopmusical_instrumentShop focused on selling musical instruments, lyrics, scores. If focused on a specific instrument, specify with musical_instrument=*shopphotoShop focused on selling products or services related with photography.shoptrophyStore selling trophies, awards, plaques etc.shopvideoShop focused on selling or renting out videos/DVDs.shopvideo_gamesShop focused on selling video games.

Stationery, gifts, books, newspapers

shopanimeShop focused on selling anime stuff.shopbooksShop focused on selling books (for a library that lends books, see amenity=library)shopgiftShop focused on selling gifts, greeting cards, or tourist gifts (souvenirs)shoplotteryA shop of which the main or only purpose is the sale of lottery tickets.shopnewsagentShop focused on selling newspapers, cigarettes, other goodsshopstationeryShop focused on selling office suppliesshopticketShop focused on selling tickets for concerts, events, public transport, …

Others

shopbookmakerA shop that takes bets on sporting and other events at agreed upon odds.shopcannabisa shop primarily and legally selling non-medical cannabis productsshopcopyshopShop focused on selling photocopying and printing services.shopdry_cleaningShop or kiosk offering a clothes dry cleaning service. The actual cleaning may be done elsewhere.shope-cigaretteShop focused on selling electronic cigarettes.shopfuneral_directorsProviding services related to funeral arrangements, may also be known as a "funeral parlour" or "undertakers".shopinsuranceA shop selling insurance services from one or more insurance carriers.shoplaundryA shop to get your normal clothes washed. Might be self service coin operated, with service staff for drop off, …shopmoney_lenderA money lender offers small personal loans at high rates of interest.shopoutpostShop primarily used to pick-up items ordered online.shoppartyA shop for party and festival supplies, like costumes, etc.shoppawnbrokerA pawnbroker (or pawnshop) is an individual or business that offers secured loans to people. See also shop=second_handshoppest_controlShop selling pest control goods to exterminate rats, insects etc.shoppetA shop for pets, animals and toys or food for them.shoppet_groomingA shop offering grooming services for pets (most frequently dogs)shoppyrotechnicsStore of pyrotechnics: fireworks, firecrackers, sparklers etc.shopreligionShop focused on selling religious articles, church shop. See also religion=*shopstorage_rentalself storageshoptobaccoShop focused on selling tobacco, cigarettes and their related accessories.shoptoysShop focused on selling toys.shoptravel_agencyShop focused on selling tickets for travelling. Also known as a tour operator.shopweaponsShop focused on selling weapons like knives, guns etc.shopvacantAn unused vacant shop. Can be used for a (usually) empty retail space that seems to be available for lease or purchase where a retail store (or similar businesses) may be opened. No store is being operated in a vacant shop, and neither goods nor services are being offered. This tag can be used after a store was closed or for a newly built shop before any busisness was operated in the shop.shopyesA shop of unspecified type or indicator that feature such as fuel station has shopshopuser definedAll commonly used values according to Taginfo

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Sport

This is used to provide information about which sports are placed on a facility such as a pitch or stadium. It is intended to be used in conjunction with tags landuse=* or leisure=*. See the page titled Sport for an introduction on its usage.

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Telecom

These are used to map telecommunication systems.

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Tourism

This is used to map places and things of specific interest to tourists. For example these may be places to see, places to stay and things and places providing support. See the page titled Tourism for an introduction on its usage.

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Water

This is used to describe type of water body and is only used together with natural=water.

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Waterway

This is used to described different types of waterways. When mapping the way of a river, stream, drain, canal, etc. these need to be aligned in the direction of the water flow. See the page titled Waterways for an introduction on its usage.

Natural watercourses

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Man-made waterways

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Facilities

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Barriers on waterways

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Other features on waterways

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Additional properties

Addresses

This is used to provide postal information for a building or facility. See the pages titled Addresses and addr=* for an introduction on its usage.

KeyValueElementCommentRenderingPhoto

Tags for individual houses

addr:housenumberuser definedThe house number (may contain letters, dashes or other characters).
Addresses describes ways to tag a single building with multiple addresses.
Please do not only tag addr:housenumber=*, but also add at least addr:street=* or addr:place=* for places without streets (or map the belonging to a street with a relation using associatedStreet relation or street relation.)addr:housenameuser definedThe name of a house.
This is sometimes used in some countries like England, Spain, Portugal, Latvia instead of (or in addition to) a house number.addr:flatsuser definedThe unit numbers (a range or a list) of the flats or apartments located behind a single entrance door.addr:conscriptionnumberuser definedThis special kind of housenumber relates to a settlement instead of a street. Conscription numbers were introduced in the Austrio-Hungarian Empire and are still in use in some parts of Europe, sometimes together with street-related housenumbers which are also called orientation numbers.addr:streetuser definedThe name of the respective street. If the street name is very long or nonexistent, the ref of the respective street.
A way with highway=* or a square with place=square and the corresponding name should be found nearby. The belonging to a street can alternatively be represented by a associatedStreet relation or street relation. The keys addr:housenumber=* and addr:street=* in principle are the only necessary ones if there are valid border polygons. If you are not sure if it is so, just add addr:city=*, addr:postcode=* and addr:country=*.addr:placeuser definedThis is part of an address which refers to the name of some territorial zone (usually a place=* like island, square or very small village) instead of a street (highway=*). Should not be used together with addr:street=*.addr:postcodeuser definedThe postal code of the building/area. Some mappers prefer to rely on boundary=postal_codeaddr:cityuser definedThe name of the city as given in postal addresses of the building/area. (In some places the city in the address corresponds to the post office that serves the area rather than the actual city, if any, in which the building is located.) Some mappers assume it can be derived from a boundary=administrative relation.addr:countryuser definedaddr:postboxuser definedUse this for addressing postal service Post Office Box (PO Box, BP - Boîte Postale, CP - Case Postale, Поштански преградак, Поштански фах, Поштански претинац) as alternative to addressing using street names. Example: "PO Box 34"addr:fulluser definedUse this for a full-text, often multi-line, address if you find the structured address fields unsuitable for denoting the address of this particular location. Examples: "Fifth house on the left after the village oak, Smalltown, Smallcountry", or addresses using special delivery names or codes (possibly via an unrelated city name and post code), or PO Boxes.
Beware that these strings can hardly be parsed by software: "1200 West Sunset Boulevard Suite 110A" is still better represented as addr:housenumber=1200 + addr:street=West Sunset Boulevard + addr:unit=110A.

For countries using hamlet, subdistrict, district, province, state, county

addr:hamletuser definedThe hamlet of the object. In France, some addresses use hamlets instead of street names.addr:suburbuser definedaddr:subdistrictuser definedaddr:districtuser definedaddr:provinceuser definedaddr:stateuser definedaddr:countyuser defined

Tags for interpolation ways

addr:interpolationall/even/odd/ alphabeticHow to interpolate the house numbers belonging to the way along the respective street.
See detailed description.addr:interpolationNumber nEvery nth house between the end nodes is represented by the interpolation way.addr:inclusionactual/estimate/potentialOptional tag to indicate the accuracy level of survey used to create the address interpolation way.
See detailed description.

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Annotations

Providing further information about tag values for other mappers and in some cases also for users. See the page titled Annotations for an introduction on its usage.

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Name

The name=* tag is the primary tag used for mapping the name of an Element. See the page titled Names for an introduction on its usage.

KeyValueElementCommentnameUser definedThe common default name. (Notes:

• For disputed areas, please use the name as displayed on, e.g., street signs for the name tag
• Put all alternatives into either localized name tags (e.g., name:tr/name:el) or the variants (e.g., loc_name/old_name/alt_name)
• Do not abbreviate words: Abbreviations

name:User definedName in different language; e.g., name:fr=Londres. Note that all key variants below can use a language suffix. See: Multilingual names.name:left , name:rightUser definedUsed when a way has different names for different sides (e.g., a street that's forming the boundary between two municipalities).int_nameUser definedInternational name (note: consider using language specific names instead; e.g., name:en=... - see above – International does not (necessarily) mean English).loc_nameUser definedLocal name.nat_nameUser definedNational name.official_nameUser definedOfficial name. Useful where there is some elaborate official name, while a different one is a common name typically used. Example: official_name=Principat d'Andorra (where "name" is name=Andorra).old_nameUser definedHistorical/old name, still in some use.reg_nameUser definedRegional name.short_nameUser definedshould be a recognizable, commonly used short version of the name, not a nick name (use alt_name for that), useful for searching (recognized by Nominatim).sorting_nameUser definedname, used for correct sorting of names — This is only needed when sorting names cannot be based only on their orthography (using the Unicode Collation Algorithm with collation tables tailored by language and script, or when sorted lists of names are including names written in multiple languages and/or scripts) but requires ignoring some parts such as:

• ignoring leading articles, or
• lowering the relative importance of first names cited before a last name,
• ignoring the generic part of a street name when it occurs before the specific name (e.g., in French with "rue", "boulevard", "place", etc.),

all of them being ignored at the primary sort level and not easily inferable by a preprocessing algorithm.

alt_nameUser definedAlternative name by which the feature is known. If there is a name that does not fit in any of the above keys, alt_name can be used, e.g., name=Field Fare Road and alt_name=Fieldfare Road, or name=University Centre and alt_name=Grad Pad. In rare cases, the key is used for multiple semicolon-separated names, e.g. alt_name=name1;name2;name3, but this usage is not preferred.name_1 , name_2 , ...Do not use this tag, suffixed name tagging for multiple values is deprecated.

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Properties

This is used to give additional information of a general nature about another element.

KeyValueElementCommentRenderingPhotoareayesMeans a feature that is normally linear is an area. You should not add this to features that are already defined as an area type.branduser definedBrand of the feature.bridgeyes / aqueduct / viaduct / cantilever / movable / covered / …A bridge, use together with the tag layer=*. Value yes is generic, or you can specialize.capacityamountUsed for specifying capacity of a facility.chargeamountUsed for specifying how much is charged for use/access to a facility. See toll=* or fee=*.clothessee key's pageTagged on shops and other features to denote if they sell clothes or not and what type of clothes they sell.coveredyesUsed to denote that a node, way or area is covered by another entity (or in some cases the ground), when the use of layers is inappropriate, or additional clarification is needed.Various, depending on the covered entitycrossingno / traffic_signals / uncontrolled / island / unmarkedFurther refinement for nodes already tagged with highway=crossing or railway=crossingcrossing:islandyes / noSpecifies whether a pedestrian crossing has a refuge islandcuttingyes / left / rightdisusedyesFor features that are useful for navigation, yet are unused. See abandoned=* if infrastructure is removed.drinking_wateryes / noDescribes whether a drinking water is availabledrive_throughyes / noUsed to indicate if a pharmacy, bank, atm, or fast_food, or post_box offers drive_thru service. drive_through=* is different than drive_in=*}drive_inyes / noUsed to indicate if a cinema is a drive-in cinema or a restaurant offers drive-in service. drive_in=* is different than drive_through=*electrifiedcontact_line / railIndicates infrastructure to supply vehicles with electricity on rail trackseleNumberElevation (also known as altitude or height) above mean sea level in metre, based on geoid model EGM 96 which is used by WGS 84 (GPS). (see also Altitude)embankmentyesend_dateDateDate feature was removedest_widthNumberA rough guess of the width of way in metresfeeyes / noUsed for specifying whether fee is charged for use/access to a facility. See also toll=*.fire_object:typepoo / szoPotentially dangerous and socially significant objectsfire_operatorNameFire station, which serves the objectfire_rank1bis / 2 to 5Rank fire, defined for a particular objectfrequencyNumberFrequency in Hzhazardsee hazardIndicates of the hazards.hot_wateryes / noDescribes whether a hot water is availableinscriptionUser DefinedThe full text of inscriptions, which can be found on buildings, memorials and other objects.internet_accessyes / wired / wlan / terminal / noThis tag is for indication that a map entity such as a building, a shop, restaurant, etc. offers internet access to the public, either as a paid service or even for free.layer-5 to 50: ground (default); -1..-5:under ground layer; 1..5 (not +1):above ground layer
This is intended to indicate actual physical separation, shouldn't be used just to influence rendering order.leaf_cycleevergreen / deciduous / semi_evergreen / semi_deciduous / mixedDescribes the phenology of leavesleaf_typebroadleaved / needleleaved / mixed / leaflessDescribes the type of leaveslocationunderground / overground / underwater / roof / indoorLocationnarrowyesRelative indication that a way (waterway, highway, cycleway) gets narrower.nudismyes / obligatory / designated / no / customary / permissiveIndicates if the described object provides the possibility of nudismopening_hours24/7 or mo md hh:mm-hh:mm. (read described syntax)opening_hours describes when something is open.opening_hours:drive_through24/7 or mo md hh:mm-hh:mm. (read described syntax)opening_hours describes when something is open for drive-through services.operatorUser DefinedThe operator tag can be used to name a company or corporation who's responsible for a certain object or who operates it.power_supplyyes / noDescribes whether a power supply is availableproduceUser DefinedDescribes a feature's agricultural output produced though a natural process of growing or breeding.rentalsee key's pageTagged on shops and other features to denote if they rent something or not and what they rent.saunayes / noDescribes whether a sauna is availableservice_timessee opening_hoursTimes of service of a given feature e.g. church serviceshoweryes / noDescribes whether a shower is availablestart_dateDateDate feature was createdtactile_pavingyes /noIndicate if a specific place can be detected or followed with a blindman's stick.tidalyesArea is flooded by the tidetoiletsyes / noDescribes whether a toilets is availabletoplessyes / noIndicates if the described object provides the possibility of female topless practicetunnelyesA tunnel, use together with a tag layer=*.toilets:wheelchairyes / noStates if a location has a wheelchair accessible toilet or not.wheelchairyes / no / limitedIndicates if a place is accessible using a wheelchair.widthNumberWidth of way in metreswoodconiferous / deciduous / mixedApplies to landuse=forest and natural=wood detailing the sort of trees found within each landuse. Makes most sense when applied to areas.
Be careful : this tag is now deprecated, please use instead leaf_cycle=*

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References

This is used to add reference information for an element.

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Restrictions

This is used to define restrictions that apply to the associated element. See the page titled Restrictions for an introduction on its usage.

How many ways can 10 books be arranged on a shelf so that a particular pair of books shall be always together?

How many ways can 5 different books be arranged on a shelf if two specified books must not be side by side?

How many ways can you arrange 4 books in the shelf from 6 different books?

How many different ways are there to arrange 4 books in a row on a shelf?