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This is a list of norms that govern how an entry should be formatted. This includes what sections are allowed and what contents are expected to be found in them. These rules reflect what editors think as best concerning the standard format of an entry. Show
FlexibilityWhile the information below may represent some kind of “standard” form, it is not a set of rigid rules. You may experiment with deviations, but other editors may find those deviations unacceptable, and revert those changes. They have just as much right to do that as you have to make them. Be ready to discuss those changes. If you want your way accepted, you have to make the case for that. Unless there is a good reason for deviating, the standard should be presumed correct. Refusing to discuss, or engaging in edit wars may also affect your credibility in other unrelated areas. BasicsA very simple exampleThis is a simple entry for the word bed, and shows the most fundamental elements of an entry:
This example can be copied and used to start an entry or section of an entry. ==English== ===Noun=== {{en-noun}} A piece of [[furniture]] to [[sleep]] on.===References===
Variations for languages other than EnglishEntries for terms in other languages should follow the standard format as closely as possible regardless of the language of the word. However, a translation into English should normally be given instead of a definition, including a gloss to indicate which meaning of the English translation is intended. Also, the translations section should be omitted. For languages written in other scripts (Japanese, Gothic, etc.), we have romanization systems in place. It is required that each romanization entry contain at least one definition line starting with “#” in the wikitext. Some languages do have characteristics that require variation from the standard format. For links to these variations see Wiktionary:Language considerations. List of headingsThere are additional headings which you should include if possible, but if you don’t have the necessary expertise, resources or time, you have no obligation to add them, with the possible exception of “References”. The list below is not an exclusive list; other headings may be essential in some circumstances. An order for these headings is recommended, but variations in that order are also allowable. A typical entry that uses many of these additional headings could be formatted thus: ==English== ===Alternative forms=== ===Etymology=== ===Pronunciation===
A key principle in ordering the headings and indentation levels is nesting. The order shown above accomplishes this most of the time. A heading placed at one level includes everything that follows until an equivalent level is encountered. If a word can be a noun and a verb, everything that derives from its being the first chosen part of speech should be put before the second one is started. Nesting is a key principle of Wiktionary's entry layout norms, but it is difficult to describe with only a few words. If you have problems with it, look at existing entries or ask a more experienced editor for help. Headings before the definitionsIn general, headings in this group do not depend on the meaning of the word. They give an environment that leads up to the word and its relation to other words, and allow us to distinguish it from others that may be similar in some respects. Order of headings:
Headings after the definitionsThese headings generally derive from knowing the meaning of the word. Order of headings:
ContentsEntry nameThe name of the entry is the term, phrase, symbol, morpheme or other lexical unit being defined. For languages with two cases of script, the entry name usually begins with a lowercase letter. For example, use for the English noun and verb, not Work. Words which begin with a capital letter in running text are exceptions. Typical examples include proper nouns (, ), German nouns (, ), and many abbreviations (, ). If someone tries to access the entry with incorrect capitalization, the software will try to redirect to the correct page automatically. For prefixes, suffixes and other morphemes in most languages, place the character “-” where it links with other words: , , , etc. Some page titles can’t be created because of restrictions in the software, usually because they contain certain symbols such as # or |, or are too long. The full list of those entries is at Appendix:Unsupported titles. They are named using the descriptive format “Unsupported titles/Number sign”, while using JavaScript to show the correct title like a normal entry. For names of matched-pair entries such as ( ) and * *, see . For names of sign language entries, see . Before the first language sectionWhen multiple capitalizations, punctuation, diacritics, ligatures, scripts and combinations with numbers and other symbols exist, such as (as in “frying pan”), (the Greek god), (meaning “all-”) and (pan) (Japanese for “bread”), use the template ==English== ===Alternative forms=== ===Etymology=== ===Pronunciation===
5 at the top of the page to cross-link between them: ==English== ===Alternative forms=== ===Etymology=== ===Pronunciation===
6. When there are too many variations, place them in a separate appendix page, in this case Appendix:Variations of "pan". Language
Part of speechThe part of speech (POS) is a descriptor like “Noun” or “Adjective”; they are different types of terms, phrases, symbols, morphemes and other lexical units on Wiktionary. Each entry has one or more POS sections. In each, there is a headword line, followed by the definitions themselves. Allowed POS headers:
Other headers can be proposed as new additions to the list. The use of nonstandard POS headers may cause an entry to be categorized in a cleanup category for further inspection. Some POS headers are explicitly disallowed:
Headword lineThe headword line is the line directly below the part of speech header, in which the word is repeated, along with a romanization if applicable. You can use either the generic template ==English== ===Alternative forms=== ===Etymology=== ===Pronunciation===
7 or language-specific templates, such as ==English== ===Alternative forms=== ===Etymology=== ===Pronunciation===
8 for English nouns. In some languages, additional information such as genders and inflected forms are found in the headword line.
DefinitionsThe definitions are in the POS section, below the headword line. The definitions are organized as a numbered list. The numbers are generated by adding the number sign (#) at the start of each definition in the wikitext. The key terms of a definition should be linked to the respective entries. The vote “2006-12/form-of style” is relevant to this section, without specifying text to be amended in this document, so please see it for details. The vote “2010-08/Italicizing use-with-mention” is relevant to this section, without specifying text to be amended in this document, so please see it for details. For definitions concerning matched-pair entries and their components, see . AbbreviationsFor abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms (such as and ), the definitions usually use templates linking to the expanded forms of the abbreviation. For example, one of the senses in the entry may be a template that displays “Initialism of personal computer.” Do not capitalise words in the expanded form unless that is how the expanded form is usually written. (In the previous example, don’t write “Personal Computer”.) Where the expanded form is an entry that exists (or should exist) in Wiktionary, link to it. Otherwise, if an appropriate Wikipedia article exists, link to it. When the expanded form does not merit either a Wiktionary entry or a Wikipedia article, link it to its component words. You may expand the definition with a gloss if appropriate. Context labelsA context label identifies a definition which only applies in a restricted context. Such labels indicate, for example, that the following definition occurs in a limited geographic region or temporal period, or is used only by specialists in a particular field and not by the general population. Many context label templates also place an entry into a relevant category, but they must not be used merely for categorization (see , below). One or more labels may be placed before the definition: An example context label wikitext result # ==English== ===Alternative forms=== ===Etymology=== ===Pronunciation===
9 An [[informant]] or [[snitch]].
Details in Wiktionary:Context labels. Example sentencesMain article: Wiktionary:Example sentences Generally, every definition should be accompanied by one or more quotations illustrating that definition. Quotations are supplemented by example sentences, which are devised by Wiktionary editors in order to illustrate definitions. Example sentences should:
The goal of the example sentences is the following, which is to be kept in mind when making one up:
Alternative formsSome variations of the same word kept in multiple pages include:
DescriptionThe “Description” section is placed in entries for symbols, containing a visual description of the current symbol. Section contents:
EtymologyMain article: Wiktionary:Etymology The first header below the language heading is usually the level 3 “Etymology” header. The etymology is given right below the header without indentation. Etymology essentially shows where the word comes from. This may show the forms in other languages that underlie the word. For many modern words it may show who coined the word. If a word is derived from another in the same language by a regular rule, such as formation of an English adverb by adding “ly”, it is not necessary to repeat the complete details of the word’s origin on the page for the derived word. Sometimes two words with different etymologies belong in the same entry because they are spelled the same (they are homographs). In such a case there will be more than one “Etymology” header, which we number. Hence for a word like lead the basic header skeleton looks like this: ===Etymology 1=== ====Pronunciation==== ====Noun==== ===Etymology 2=== ====Pronunciation==== ====Noun==== ====Verb==== Note that in the case of multiple etymologies, all subordinate headers need to have their levels increased by 1 in order to comply with the fundamental concept of showing dependence through nesting. The vote “2007-10/style for mentioned terms” is relevant to this section, without specifying text to be amended in this document, so please see it for details. PronunciationMain article: Wiktionary:Pronunciation The “Pronunciation” section includes the transcriptions, audio pronunciations, rhymes, hyphenations and homophones.
A typical pronunciation section may look like the following (simplified) example based on the word :
Example with multiple accents (see entry ):
Examples with homophones depending on the dialect (see entries and , respectively):
Usage notes
QuotationsMain article: Wiktionary:Quotations Quotations are generally placed under the definition which they illustrate. If there is more than one being provided, or where this is not possible (e.g., a very early usage that does not clearly relate to a specific sense of the word), a separate section should be used. Quotations here are formatted normally but without definition numbers.
SynonymsThis is a list of words that have similar meanings as the word being defined. They are often very inexact. Where several definitions of the headword exist, synonyms can be given in a separate list for each meaning:
The synonyms section for might look like this:
To avoid identical lengthy lists of synonyms in many entries a single reference can be made in each to a common Thesaurus page:
An alternative to listing synonyms in a separate section is their placement immediately under the corresponding definition lines with
8: The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is furthest from the Earth.#: The highest point.#: The choice between the two formats is subject to editorial discretion. Further semantic relationsMain article: Wiktionary:Semantic relations The following headers are available to define sections containing semantically related words other than synonyms: Antonyms, Hypernyms, Hyponyms, Meronyms, Holonyms, Troponyms, Coordinate terms, See also. Each of these sections is formatted exactly like the Synonyms section (see above). All links in these sections use the
7 template rather than plain wikilinks. Derived termsList terms in the same language that are morphological derivatives. For example, the noun driver is derived, by addition of the suffix -er, from the verb to drive. If it is not known from which part of speech a certain derivative was formed it is necessary to have a “Derived terms” header on the same level as the part of speech headings. All links in this section use the
7 template rather than plain wikilinks. List words in the same language that have strong etymological connections but aren’t derived terms. Each such term should be wikified. For example, datum and data should point to each other in this section since the latter is the plural of the former, and the plural form is not obtained by morphological derivation but was taken directly from Latin (where it is a morphological derivation). Another example is the pair of nouns pendant and pennant. These should cross-reference each other as they have very similar (arguably identical) etymologies in some subsenses. CollocationsMain article: Wiktionary:Collocations Collocations are combinations of words that occur with much higher frequency than would be expected by chance. Collocations may either be added under the corresponding sense using
1 or
2 (after all nyms but before all examples), or under a dedicated
3 header, as described in Wiktionary:Collocations. DescendantsList terms in other languages that have borrowed or inherited the word. The etymology of these terms should then link back to the page. TranslationsMain article: Wiktionary:Translations
Here is an example (a shortened version of the entry for orange) illustrating some of the conventions: ===Noun=== {{en-noun}} The [[fruit]] of the [[orange tree]].The [[reddish]]-[[yellow]] [[colour]] of an orange.====Translations==== {{trans-top|fruit of the orange tree}}
==English== ===Alternative forms=== ===Etymology=== ===Pronunciation===
0
==English== ===Alternative forms=== ===Etymology=== ===Pronunciation===
1 Result:
TriviaOther observations may be added, under the heading “Trivia”. Because of the unlimited range of possibilities, no formatting details can be provided. See alsoThe “See also” section is used to link to entries and/or other pages on Wiktionary, including appendices and categories. Don’t use this section to link to external sites such as Wikipedia or other encyclopedias and dictionaries. ReferencesMain article: Wiktionary:References The “References” section contains reference works where users can verify the information available on our entries. This improves the reliability and usefulness of Wiktionary. References are especially encouraged for unusual or disputable claims in etymologies—such as the etymology of windhover—or usage notes.
Further readingThe “Further reading” section contains simple recommendations of further places to look.
Examples:
AnagramsMain article: Wiktionary:Anagrams Anagrams may be entered in alphabetical order under a level 3 header
0. Only list anagrams that are words in the same language. For post, the anagrams section would look like this: ==English== ===Alternative forms=== ===Etymology=== ===Pronunciation===
2 You may include the alphagram which is not wikied unless it is itself a word. For post, the anagrams section would look like this: ==English== ===Alternative forms=== ===Etymology=== ===Pronunciation===
3 MetadataThis is material which is edited in a regular edit box, but does not appear in the entry when it is read. In some cases where it appears depends on your user preferences, especially the skin that you have chosen. Category linksMain article: Wiktionary:Categorization A Wiktionary category is a group of related entries which are listed on a category page. Sub-categories may also appear on that page. Categories and lists under various names may seem very similar, but the way they are built is very different; in most cases, but especially in open-ended lists, they complement each other. To include an entry in a category, simply add a category tag to the entry thus: ==English== ===Alternative forms=== ===Etymology=== ===Pronunciation===
4 The link will appear at the bottom of the page in some skins and at the top in others, regardless of where it is placed in the edit box. Category links are placed one per line at the end of the appropriate language section. Putting these tags in a consistent place makes them easier to find in a longer entry’s edit field. A category link appears red if its category page has not yet been described, but categorized entries will appear there. You should edit a new category page, usually to add a brief description of the category and adding one or more tags to place it in a higher-level category. By convention, it is preferable to use the plural for most category names that are nouns. This will avoid having a category divided in two when some use the plural and some use the singular. Some votes are relevant to this section, without specifying text to be amended in this document, so please see them for details:
ImagesLemma entries, whether English or non-English, can contain relevant images. Constraints:
Further constraints may apply on a case-by-case basis, as decided by editors. See also
References
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