Listeria monocytogenes diagnosis
The FactsListeriosis is a foodborne illness. It most commonly affects newborns, people with weakened immune systems, seniors, and pregnant women. Pregnant women are at particular risk of having listeriosis, as they are 20 times more likely to acquire the disease than other healthy adults. Cases of listeriosis are usually infrequent, although there have been several known outbreaks in the past. Listeriosis is a rare disease but it is very serious since it is more likely to be fatal in severe cases, compared to other bacteria that cause food poisoning. Listeriosis is caused by infection with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. The bacterium is found in various places in the environment in animal feed, animal and human stool, plants, and soil. Listeria infection occurs by eating food contaminated by the bacteria. Contamination can occur at any point in the farming, distribution, and food preparation process. Listeria is different from other bacteria that cause food poisoning because it can survive and continue to grow even when in the refrigerator. Foods contaminated with listeria look, smell, and taste normal. Listeria can be killed by proper cooking methods. Types of food commonly contaminated by listeria include dairy products, fish, meat, and vegetables. Symptoms and ComplicationsNot everyone who is infected with listeria will develop listeriosis. Infants, people older than 50 years old (and especially over 65), or people with an impaired or weakened immune system are most likely to be affected. Symptoms of the disease may appear suddenly, as soon as 1day after or up to 90 days after eating food contaminated with listeria. Generally, milder forms of listeriosis will cause symptoms much sooner than more serious forms of the disease. Symptoms of listeriosis include:
Rarely, very severe forms such as meningoencephalitis (an infection of the brain and the surrounding tissues) or bacteremia (where the bacteria are present in the blood) may follow. Listeriosis can be particularly harmful during pregnancy. A mother who is infected during the first 3 months of pregnancy may miscarry. Listeria can also be passed from a pregnant woman to her unborn baby. Acute illness, premature birth, and stillbirth are possible if the mother is infected later in pregnancy. Newborns may also have low birth weight, meningitis, or overwhelming sepsis. Making the DiagnosisListeriosis is diagnosed by laboratory testing of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or stool samples. Because the symptoms of listeriosis closely resemble those caused by the flu and by other foodborne illnesses, many people are unaware that they have it. This, in addition to the potential severity of the disease, makes the prevention of listeriosis of even greater importance. Treatment and PreventionOnce diagnosed, listeriosis can be treated using antibiotics. There is no vaccine for listeriosis. However, listeriosis can be prevented by following proper food handling practices. Protect yourself from listeriosis by following these food safety tips:
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