Which 802.15 WPAN standard uses a device pairing process in order to work?
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IEEE 802 is a collection of networking standards that cover the physical and data-link layer specifications for technologies such as Ethernet and wireless. These specifications apply to local area networks () and metropolitan area networks (). IEEE 802 also aids in ensuring multi-vendor interoperability by promoting standards for vendors to follow. Show Essentially, the IEEE 802 standards help make sure internet services and technologies follow a set of recommended practices so network devices can all work together smoothly. IEEE 802 is divided into 22 parts that cover the physical and aspects of networking. The family of standards is developed and maintained by the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee, also called the LMSC. stands for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The set of standards started in 1979 with a "local network for computer interconnection" standard, which was approved a year later. The LMSC has made more than 70 standards for IEEE 802. Some commonly used standards include those for Ethernet, bridging and virtual bridged LANs, wireless LAN, wireless , MAN and as well as media independent handover services. The better-known specifications include 802.3 Ethernet, 802.11 Wi-Fi and 802.15 Bluetooth/ZigBee. However, some of these standards have been labeled as disbanded or hibernating and are either superseded by newer standards or are being reworked. Using an open process, the LMSC advocates for these standards globally. Individual "working groups" are decided on and assigned to each area in order to provide each area with an acceptable amount of focus. IEEE 802 specifications also split the data link layer into two different layers -- an LLC layer and a MAC layer. Standards can be found in a PDF provided by the LMSC for up to six months after they have been published. All standards stay in place until they are replaced with another document or withdrawn. Why IEEE 802 standards are importantLMSC was formed in 1980 in order to standardize network and provide a path to make compatible devices across numerous industries. Without these standards, equipment suppliers could manufacture network hardware that would only connect to certain computers. It would be much more difficult to connect to systems not using the same set of networking equipment. Standardizing protocols help ensure that multiple types of devices can connect to multiple network types. It also helps make sure network management isn't the challenge it could be if it wasn't in place. IEEE 802 will also coordinate with other international standards, such as , to help maintain international standards. In addition, the "802" in IEEE 802 does not stand for anything with high significance. 802 was just the next numbered project. Examples of IEEE 802 usesThe IEEE 802 specifications can be used by commercial organizations to ensure their products maintain any newly specified standards. So, for example, the 802.11 specification that applies to Wi-Fi could be used to make sure Wi-Fi devices work together under one standard. In the same way, IEE 802 can help maintain local area network standards. These specifications can also define what connectivity infrastructure will be used for -- individual networks, or those at a larger organizational scale. The IEEE 802 specifications apply to hardware and software products. So, to ensure manufacturers don't have any input on the standards, there is a voting protocol in place. This makes sure that one organization does not influence the standards too much. Working groupsThe working groups are the different areas of focus within the 802 specifications. They are numbered from 802.1 onward. 802OverviewBasics of physical and logical networking concepts.802.1BridgingLAN/MAN bridging and management. Covers management and the lower sub-layers of OSI Layer 2, including MAC-based bridging (Media Access Control), virtual LANs and port-based access control. This also contains the time-sensitive networking task group.802.2Logical LinkDisbanded802.3Ethernet"Grandaddy" of the 802 specifications. Provides asynchronous networking using "carrier sense, multiple access with collision detect" (CSMA/CD) over coax, twisted-pair copper and optical fiber media. Current speeds range from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps. Check on the commonly used list of 802.3 technologies. 802.4Token BusDisbanded 802.5Token RingDisbanded 802.6Distributed queue dual bus (DQDB)Superseded. Revision of 802.1D. Superseded by 802.1D-2004. 802.7Broadband LAN PracticesDisbanded 802.8Fiber Optic PracticesDisbanded 802.9Integrated Services LANDisbanded802.10Interoperable LAN securityDisbanded802.11 Wi-FiWireless LAN Media Access Control and Physical Layer specification. 802.11a, b, g, etc. are amendments to the original 802.11 standard. Products that implement 802.11 standards must pass tests and are referred to as "Wi-Fi certified."802.11a
Hibernating. This covers Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access methods that are used to create Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks. Connects Base Stations to the Internet using OFDM in unlicensed (900 MHz, 2.4, 5.8 GHz) or licensed (700 MHz, 2.5 - 3.6 GHz) frequency bands. Products that implement 802.16 standards can undergo WiMAX> certification testing.802.17Resilient Packet RingDisbanded 802.18Radio Regulatory TAGSupports IEEE 802 LMSC and IEEE 802 wireless Working Groups. Actively participates in and monitors radio regulatory matters. 802.19CoexistenceMakes standards for coexistence between different wireless standards for unlicensed devices. Disbanded 802.21Media Independent HandoffHibernating. Enables optimization of higher layer services. This includes IoT and handover services -- specifically between IEEE 802 networks. 802.22Wireless Regional Area NetworkHibernating. Creates a standard to enable spectrum sharing. 802.23Emergency Services Working GroupDisbanded 802.24Vertical Applications Technical Advisory Group (TAG)Focused on application categories which use IEEE 802 Standards, or use multiple work groups. For these, 802.24 acts as a point of contact with other organizations focused on other IEEE 802 standards. 802.24 can also serve as a resource for understanding the IEEE 802 standards by developing white papers and other documents. Check here for a list of disbanded and hibernating standards. All the 802.11 specifications use the Ethernet protocol and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance () for path sharing. The original modulation used in 802.11 was phase-shift keying (PSK). However, other schemes, such as complementary code keying (CCK), are used in some of the newer specifications. The newer modulation methods provide higher data speed and reduced vulnerability to interference. Which of the following is a IEEE WPAN standard used for device pairing at up to 300ft 100m distance?Bluetooth – IEEE WPAN standard used for device pairing at up to 300ft (100m) distance. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) – Supports mesh topology to large scale network devices.
What IEEE standard does WPAN use?IEEE 802.15 is a set of standard which caters to PAN network in a wireless mode. PAN stands for personal area network and caters for short range communication from 1 m to 100m. IEEE 802.15 is an IEEE which specifies WPAN a wireless personal area network standard. WPAN engulfs seven important task.
Which wireless standard is 802.15 1?1: WPAN / Bluetooth. Task group one is based on Bluetooth technology. It defines physical layer (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) specification for wireless connectivity with fixed, portable and moving devices within or entering personal operating space.
What frequency does 802.15 Bluetooth operate at?5 Summary. |
