What is referred to as the main component of the desktop computer that houses all the internal components of the computer?

Component

Description

Motherboard

The motherboard is the core of the system. It really is the PC; everything else is connected to it, and it controls everything in the system. Microprocessors are covered in detail in Chapter 3, "Microprocessor Types and Specifications."

Processor

The processor is often thought of as the "engine" of the computer. It's also called the CPU (central processing unit).

Memory (RAM)

The system memory is often called RAM (for random access memory). This is the primary memory, which holds all the programs and data the processor is using at a given time. Memory is covered in detail in Chapter 6, "Memory."

Case/chassis

The case is the frame or chassis that houses the motherboard, power supply, disk drives, adapter cards, and any other physical components in the system. The case is covered in detail in Chapter 21, "Power Supply and Chassis/Case."

Power supply

The power supply is what feeds electrical power to every single part in the PC. The power supply is covered in detail in Chapter 21.

Floppy drive

The floppy drive is a simple, inexpensive, low-capacity, removable-media, magnetic storage device.

Hard drive

The hard disk is the primary archival storage memory for the system. Hard disk drives are also covered in detail in Chapter 10, "Hard Disk Storage."

CD-ROM/DVD-ROM

CD-ROM (compact disc read-only) and DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc read-only) drives are relatively high-capacity, removable media, optical drives. These drives are covered in detail in Chapter 13, "Optical Storage."

Keyboard

The keyboard is the primary device on a PC that is used by a human to communicate with and control a system. Keyboards are covered in detail in Chapter 18, "Input Devices."

Mouse

Although many types of pointing devices are on the market today, the first and most popular device for this purpose is the mouse. The mouse and other pointing devices are covered in detail in Chapter 18.

Video card

The video card controls the information you see on the monitor. Video cards are covered in detail in Chapter 15, "Video Hardware."

Monitor

Monitors are covered in detail in Chapter 15.

Sound card

It enables the PC to generate complex sounds. Sound cards and speakers are covered in detail in Chapter 16, "Audio Hardware."

Modem

Most prebuilt PCs ship with a modem (generally an internal modem). Modems and other Internet-connectivity devices and methods are covered in Chapter 19, "Internet Connectivity."

System Unit

The system unit, also known as a "tower" or "chassis," is the main part of a desktop computer. It includes the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and other components. The system unit also includes the case that houses the internal components of the computer.
The term "system unit" is often used to differentiate between the computer and peripheral devices, such as the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. For example, if a repair shop asks you to bring in your computer, it may be unclear whether you need to bring your monitor and peripheral devices as well. If you are told to just bring your system unit, it is clear you only need to bring the computer itself.
Some modern computers, such as the iMac, combine the system unit and monitor into a single device. In this case, the monitor is part of the system unit. While laptops also have built-in displays, they are not called system units, since the term only refers to desktop computers.

Motherboard:-The motherboard is the main circuit board of micro computer. it is also know as main board  or system board.

CPU:-The CPU is the central electronic chip that determines the processing power of the computer.

Memory:-Memory is the part of computer that temporarily store application documents, and system operating information.

Bus:-A bus is an electronic line that allows is and OS to move from on place to another.

Expansion Slot:-expansion slot appear on the motherboard. They are sockets into which adapters are connected 

Ports and connectors: -A port is connector located on the motherboard or on a separate.

Bays:-a bay is a space inside the computer case where a hard drive, floppy drive or CD- ROM drive sits.

Power supply:-A power supply changes normal house hold electricity into  electricity that a computer can sue

Sound components:-A sound card lets a computer play and record high quality sound.

Central Processing Unit
 

Today, all CPU are microprocessors

1.         A microprocessor is a complete on a silicon chip

2.         A microprocessor does all of the functions of a computer

Store data and instructions waiting be use
Follows changeable instructions
Does input, processing. And output
CPU's have there basic parts

Does all of the mathematics in computer.
Does all of the logic compression of values.
Some common logic compression symbols.

= equal to
>grater than
<=less than or equal to
>= greater than or equal to
<>not equal

A hertz is on cycle per second.
Need to measure time determine cycles per second.
All computers have a clock built into them of timing the cycles.
The clock is usually located in a small metal box on the Motherboard.
Today, many CPU's can complete over six (6) instructions per second.

Speed or modern CPU’s

Most computers have a CPU than do more than 400 MHZ.
MHZ stands for megahertz’s.
A MHZ is 1,000,000 cycles per second.
Computer will soon be at speeds over gigahertz 1,0000,000,000 hertz

Memory:-

Primary memory can be used directly by the CPU

Consists of silicone chips, usually either VLS  VLSI technology use to Create chips.
Tow forms primary memory.
Read only memory. (ROM)
Random access memory (RAM)
Primary memory is also called primary storage.

Read Only memory (ROM)

Rom:-

Store instructions that are used by the CPU

Tells the CPU to be kind of computer is it, for example a windows,
Macintosh, or play station computer.

Tells the CPU how to work with the different parts of the computer.

ROM also hold program that are directly accessed by the CPU One
Such program in the self-test when the computer is first turned on.

The instruction ROM can not usually be changed.
The instructions are built into the electronic circuit of the chip.
These instructions in ROM are called firmware.
To change the intrusions in Rom you need to usually change the chips or do
Some other special process that normally not available to an average user.
The instruction in ROM is nonvolatile. They stay in ROM even when the computer is turned off.

Access to information is random access.
Random access means that any piece of information first. It is lot like the tracks on music CD. You can access any track any time and in any order.
The other kind of access is sequential access. You must access the information in the ordered that they are located. This is a lot like a music tape. You must play the songs in order; you have to fast forward past songs to get the one you want

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Store data and instruction that are used by the CPU to perform some task.
These instructions are usually loaded into RAM from secondary storage device.
RAM is also used to store instructions that tell the CPU how to work with its parts. These instructions are usually called drivers.
The intrusions in RAM constantly changing. Depending on the needs of the CPU.
The instruction in RAM is volatile.
When the computer turned off the information in RAM disappears.
The information in RAM needs to be saved to secondary storage before the computer turned off.
Access to information is random access.

How a store computer information
The computer store information as a string of zero (0) and ones (1)
The standard string length is eight 0’s or 1’s in an arrow
The standard length is called byte
A byte equals one chartered
A character is a letter, number or symbol – it is about any thing that can be type on keyboard.
There is 1156 standard character use by almost all computers.
Information size measurement

Kilo byte (KB)
One kilobyte equal about 1024 bytes
1 KB is about 140 words, about a half page typed double-spaced text words only)

Megabyte (MB)
One megabyte equals about 1000 KB
One megabyte equals about 1,000,000 bytes
One megabyte equal about 500 text pages or one large book

Gigabyte (GB)
One gigabyte equals about 1000 MB
One gigabyte equals about 1,000,000 KB
One gigabyte equals about 1,000,000,000 bytes
One gigabytes equals over 1, 00 books of text  

1 byte=8 bits
1 kilobyte(KB)=1024 bytes
1 megabyte(MB)=1024 kilobytes or  1,000,000 bytes
1 gigabyte(GB)=1024 Megabytes or  1,000,000,000 bytes
1 Terabyte (TB)= 1024 Gigabyte or  1,000,000,000,000 bytes
1 petabyte (PB)=1024 Terabytes or~1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes

Processor or Virtual Storage Disk Storage · 1 Bit = Binary Digit
· 8 Bits = 1 Byte
· 1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte
· 1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
· 1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
· 1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte
· 1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte
· 1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte
· 1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte
· 1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte
· 1024 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte
· 1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte

· 1 Bit = Binary Digit
· 8 Bits = 1 Byte
· 1000 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte
· 1000 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
· 1000 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
· 1000 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte
· 1000 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte
· 1000 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte
· 1000 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte
· 1000 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte
· 1000 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte
· 1000 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte

Some Common Storage Devices

Hard drive
The hard drive is the primary devices that a computer uses store information. The hard drive stores
Programs, data files, save and organizes files. The hard drive is located inside the computer case.
The hard drive magnetically stores data on stack of rotating disk called platters.

                                                 HDD

The floppy drive store and retrieves information on a floppy disk.

CD ROM Drive

CD- ROM is a device that reads information stored in a compact disk. CD- ROM stand for compact disc read only memory. One CD is equal to the space in over 40 floppy

Removable Hard Disk

A zip disk is a removable disk that holds a large amount of information. A zip disk can be used achieve, protect transfer large amount of data.

Motherboard

                                  
                                      Motherboard Back Panel