What is the best nursing intervention regarding complementary and alternative medicine?
Section snippetsBackgroundComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) refers to “a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine” [1]. CAM is divided into five main categories: alternative medical systems, mind/body interventions, body-based manipulation therapies, biologically based interventions (natural products), and energy/metaphysical therapies (Table 1) [2,3]. Show
CAM therapies have gained popularity over the last decades [4,5 Registration and eligibility criteriaThe methods adopted for this systematic review are consistent with the guidelines detailed on the PRISMA checklist [18]. The protocol of this systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO 2017 (registration number: CRD42017069130) [19]. Our systematic review included all observational studies, regardless of sampling design though the minimum sample size for study inclusion was 25. Letter to editors, case reports, study protocols, reviews, and narrative reviews were excluded. We included all Study selectionA total of 4488 articles were retrieved from the initial search in different databases. Out of 3480 non-duplicated studies in the title and abstract screening process, 3384 studies were excluded due to unrelated titles. Of the remaining 96 studies, 21 met eligibility criteria. Of the 75 excluded studies, 27 were review articles, 12 focused on a specific type of CAM, 12 were letters to editor, three did not have full text, 11 were qualitative studies, four were in a language other than English, DiscussionThis systematic review was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses regarding CAM therapy. Review of the literature found 21 studies conducted with participation by 5254 nurses from 13 countries. All instruments used in the included studies were researcher-made questionnaires and were developed based on expert opinion and review of textbooks or other authoritative sources, or were adapted from previously developed questionnaires. In other studies that looked at CAM ConclusionsGiven the level of knowledge, attitude and practice use of CAM therapies by nurses found in the current study, there is a clear need for additional knowledge. Access to accurate and reliable information through easy to access sources such as social media and the Internet, may be the most expeditious approach to increasing nurse knowledge and use of CAM therapies. Considering the use of various investigator developed instruments as well as investigation of the knowledge in a limited number of Authors' contributionAbbas Balouchi and Hosien Shahdadi: study design and conceptualization; Gholamhossein Mahmoudirad and Hosien Shahdadi: search strategy and data collection; Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad and Abbas Balouchi: data analysis and interpretation; Marie Hastings-Tolsma, Seyed Afshin Shorofi and Abbas Balouchi: manuscript writing; Hosien Shahdadi: study supervision. Funding/supportNone declared. Financial conflicts of interestNone declared. AcknowledgmentsThe author wishes to thank the nursing research center and the deputy of research and technology in Zabol University of Medical Sciences. Recommended articles (6)© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. The intent of this position statement is to provide clarification about the role of the registered nurse (RN) in the use of complementary and alternative therapies (CAT). POSITION It is the position of the New York State Nurses Association that:
BACKGROUND The nursing profession has a long history of viewing and caring for individuals in a holistic manner. Holistic care refers to approaches and interventions that address the needs of the whole person: body, mind, and spirit. Florence Nightingale recognized the importance of caring for the whole person and encouraged interventions that enhanced individuals' abilities to draw upon their own healing powers. She considered touch, light, aromatics, empathetic listening, music, quiet reflection, and similar healing measures as essential ingredients to good nursing care. Today's education of registered nurses is built upon these same principles (American Holistic Nurses Association, 2001). RNs recognize cultural, psychosocial, and spiritual needs that can impact upon health care practices, choices and preferences for treatment or non-intervention. Inherent in the nurse’s role is the ability to assess, intervene and evaluate preventive, supportive, and restorative functions of a patient’s physical, emotional, mental and spiritual domains. According to the 2002 National Health Interview Survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 62% of American adults use some form of complementary or alternative therapies. The World Health Organization (2013) defines CAT as “a broad set of health practices that are not part of that country’s own tradition or conventional medicine and are not fully integrated into the dominant health care system.” The growing interest in the use of CM may be ascribed to a number of factors including (Ping, 2015): (1) The recognition of the potential benefits of these therapies; (2) Limitations and side effects of orthodox treatment approaches; (3) An increasing expectation for a more holistic approach to providing care; (4) Quality of life issues; (5) Improving control in the treatment process; (6) Clients’ expectation of better communication with practitioners; and (7) Adoption of particular healing systems compatible with specific cultural backgrounds. It is essential in any health care setting, that both the patient and the health care practitioner understand and appreciate the difference between curing and healing. Curing involves specific actions to eliminate or modify a condition and may lead to healing. Healing involves the patient’s participation in a transformational process. Healing arts are those interventions that foster an individual's healing process, i.e., a return of the individual toward a state of wholeness in which body, mind, and spirit are integrated and balanced, and the person is able to reach deeper levels of personal understanding (American Holistic Nurses Association, 2001). Professional nurses are increasingly offering patients a variety of choices of therapies as part of a comprehensive care plan. Patients are seeking out practitioners who are willing to participate in a more diverse treatment plan combining conventional, alternative and complementary therapies. The literature describes the use of CAT in individuals with neurological diseases such as dementias, multiple sclerosis, neuropathies, spinal cord injury, and epilepsy (Fowler & Newton, 2006). The combination of conventional and alternative techniques is commonly referred to as integrative medicine. Although CAT therapies do not work for everyone, treatments such as acupuncture and healing touch therapies have been proven to help with nausea, pain, and other side effects of cancer treatment. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) defines complementary and alternative medicine as, “a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine” (Hokanson & Moyad, 2003). In 1992, the National Institute of Health (NIH) established an Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM) with a dual focus: 1) to develop research centers focusing on clinical conditions such as aging, cancer and pain; and 2) to conduct research focused on the evaluation of specific complementary. In addition, OAM is charged with establishing a clearinghouse to supply information to the public and health care practitioners on complementary therapies. Classification of CAT Therapies
NCCAM (2003) Alternative and complementary therapies are rooted in nursing’s history and many are derived from traditional nursing care approaches. RNs often combined therapies in their everyday care of patients. These therapies have given nursing a degree of autonomy and have enabled nursing to enrich its own practice and venture into entrepreneur opportunities. As of 2006, questions about CAT modalities are included in the NCLEX-RN examination thereby requiring professional nurses to be knowledgeable and current with such practices. RECOMMENDATIONS The New York State Nurses Association recommends that RNs incorporating CAT therapies into their nursing practice should:
Note: The use of the term “patient” anywhere in this document is intended to be generic and refers to the recipient of nursing care. Approved by the NYSNA Board of Directors on 8/08/07 Reviewed and revised March 23, 2018 References American Holistic Nurses’ Association. Position on the role of nurses in the practice of complementary and alternative therapies. Retrieved October 18, 2006, from http://www.ahna.org/about/statements.html#role Duryea, B. (2005). Marching to the beat of a different drummer. Complementary and alternative medicine. Imprint, 52(2) 55-57. Fowler, S., & Newton, L. (2006). Complementary and alternative therapies: the nurse's role. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 38(4):261-4. Hawks, J. H., & Moyad M. A. (2003). Complementary and preventive medicine. CAM: Definition and classification overview. Urologic Nursing, 23(3), 221-223. Helms, J. E. (2006). Complementary and alternative therapies: A new frontier for nursing education? Journal of Nursing Education, 45(3), 117-123. Nurse’s handbook of alternative & complementary therapies. (1999). Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corporation. (pp. 28-60). Parkman, C. A. (2002). Cam therapies and nursing competency. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development. 18(2), 61-67. Ping, L. S. K. (2015). Role of complementary medicine in nursing and health care professionals. SOJ Nur Health Care 1(2): Page 2 of 2 1-2. Retrieved March 23, 2018 from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1204/8e3322b3227e6abdb526cb186e8b17d9c7b4.pdf. Silva, M. C., & Ludwick, R. (2001, November 1). Ethical issues in complementary/alternative therapies. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Retrieved July 7, 2006, from http://www.nursingworld.org/ojin/ethicol/ethics_7.htm What is the role the nurse should provide in relation to complementary and alternative therapies?Nurses are professionally responsible to consider the patient's health status and assess risks and benefits of providing a treatment. In order to competently provide the treatment, you need to be informed about the treatment's purpose, action, and anticipated effects.
What should the nurse include when caring for a client of a different culture?There are many things nurses can do to provide culturally sensitive care to an increasingly diverse nation:. Awareness. ... . Avoid Making Assumptions. ... . Learn About Other Cultures. ... . Build Trust and Rapport. ... . Overcome Language Barriers. ... . Educate Patients About Medical Practices. ... . Practice Active Listening.. Why should nurses be aware of CAM?Nurse leaders must understand CAM trends and therapies to better integrate these concepts into health care policy, standards of care, and ethical nursing decisions.
What elements are essential for the nurse to plan to address to be able to deliver culturally competent care select all that apply?Culturally competent care consists of four components: awareness of one's cultural worldview, attitudes toward cultural differences, knowledge of different cultural practices and worldviews, and cross-cultural skills.
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