Which of the following regions on the map would have been most affected by the encomienda system
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journal article Show Annals of the Association of American Geographers Vol. 82, No. 3, The Americas before and after 1492: Current Geographical Research (Sep., 1992) , pp. 444-459 (16 pages) Published By: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2563355 Read and download Log in through your school or library Subscribe to JPASS Unlimited reading + 10 downloads Monthly Plan
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Abstract After the conquest of Mexico (1519-21), the Spaniards coopted Indian administrative structures, allowing the King and the new Colonial government to exploit traditional regional revenues. Key participants of the military campaigns were rewarded with rights to the tribute and limited labor conscription (encomienda) required of the indigenous population in a particular district. Legally, encomienda did not confer property rights, but holders of the privilege also received most of the earliest land grants and had the advantage of conscript labor during the planting and harvest seasons. As the encomienda system was gradually reformed and phased out, agriculture and stockraising became the major source of rural income for increasing numbers of Spanish settlers. Public land was overwhelmingly awarded to officials, the military, and the Colonial elite. Following the failure of the Puebla experiment (1531-34), designed to create a new class of farmers with small holdings, agricultural work was relegated to Indian labor. Property became the focus of competition between Spaniard and Indian, ending with partial dispossession of Indian lands by the early 1600s. The granting of lands (mercedes) is explicated by three examples: the Basin of Mexico, the district northwest of Puebla, and the Valley of Toluca. Archival documentation of land grants provides a powerful tool to decipher regional settlement histories and to examine the degree to which the Spanish legal system safeguarded Indian property rights. Spanish agricultural expansion was made possible by the Indian demographic collapse, as a result of recurrent epidemics, and was facilitated by Indian settlement amalgamation (congregacion). While the processes and temporal patterns of property transfer show structural similarities in the heart of Central Mexico, settlement histories in peripheral areas are unique. The means by which Indian communities slowed Spanish expansion are discussed. The pattern of dispossession of the Indian was established during the first hundred years, setting in motion a process that culminated with the powerful haciendas of the nineteenth century. Journal Information The Annals of the American Association of Geographers is one of the world’s foremost geography journals. It has been published since 1911 and currently has an Impact Factor of 2.799, ranking 8th out of 79 geography journals worldwide. The Annals contains original, timely, and innovative articles that advance knowledge in all facets of the discipline. Articles are divided into four major areas: Geographic Methods; Human Geography; Nature and Society; and Physical Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences. There are Editors responsible for each these themes. The Annals is published six times a year (January, March, May, July, September and November). One issue per year is a dedicated Special Issue drawing a diversity of papers from across the discipline under a single theme. Following tradition, the annual Presidential Address is published in Annals; Memorials for former AAG Presidents and exceptionally distinguished geographers are also published. Publisher Information Building on two centuries' experience, Taylor & Francis has grown rapidlyover the last two decades to become a leading international academic publisher.The Group publishes over 800 journals and over 1,800 new books each year, coveringa wide variety of subject areas and incorporating the journal imprints of Routledge,Carfax, Spon Press, Psychology Press, Martin Dunitz, and Taylor & Francis.Taylor & Francis is fully committed to the publication and dissemination of scholarly information of the highest quality, and today this remains the primary goal. Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR
Collection. Who did the encomienda system affect?The encomienda system was one of the many horrors inflicted on the Indigenous people of the New World during the conquest and colonial eras. It was essentially enslavement, given but a thin (and illusory) veneer of respectability for the Catholic education that it implied.
Where was the encomienda system used?encomienda, in Spain's American and Philippine colonies, legal system by which the Spanish crown attempted to define the status of the indigenous population. It was based upon the practice of exacting tribute from Muslims and Jews during the Reconquista (“Reconquest”) of Muslim Spain.
How did the encomienda system affect the Natives?Encomenderos are also mandated through these grants to convert Natives to Christianity and endorse Spanish as their primary language. Native peoples are forced to engage in hard labor and subjected to torture, extreme abuse, and, in some cases, death if they resist (Nies, 1996).
What was the main result of the encomienda system?The encomienda system allowed for a vast accumulation of wealth by the conquistadors and the Spanish crown. They benefited from the discovery of gold and silver in the New World, and the mining of those metals by their laborers.
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