The second version of the categorical imperative emphasizes which of the following?

1. Which of the following is an important objection to Kant's theory?

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   • What is the second version of the categorical imperative?
   • What are the 2 formulations of the categorical imperative?
   • What are Kant's 3 categorical imperatives?
   • Which is the 2nd ethical maxim for Kant?
   a. It doesn't consider consequences.
   b. The very same act can be described to yield consistency or inconsistency when universalized.
   c. As it stands, it seems to keep infants, young children, and advanced Alzheimer patients out of the moral community.
   d. all of the above
   e. none of the above
   

2. The Good Will resides in any person who

   a. means well, regardless of what she does.
   b. chooses to do what she believes is right.
   c. isn't doing something wrong.
   d. none of the above
   

3. According to Kant's Principle of Universal Law, theft is wrong because

   a. you wouldn't want to have your things taken.
   b. theft leads to hurt and further complications.
   c. if most people take whatever they want to make it their own, it would become impossible to do this.
   d. we all know it is wrong.
   e. theft is viewed as wrong in all human cultures.
   

4. The most Kantian reason for reporting a person who cheats on a test is

   a. if no one reports cheaters, then more will become cheaters, making the world a worse place for everyone.
   b. reporting a cheater will ultimately achieve more good than harm.
   c. if no one ever reports cheaters, then even higher grades will mean less and have less value.
   

5. Purely deontological theories (like that of Kant)

   a. grant some moral relevance to consequences.
   b. base many of their claims on consequences.
   c. completely reject any dependency on consequences.
   

6. What we should end up doing in a given situation, according to Ross, is called our _________ moral duty.

   a. actual
   b. absolute
   c. prima facie
   

7. Ross's duty of beneficencerequires that we

   a. don't harm others.
   b. show our thanks to others when they do something for us.
   c. extend generosity or kindness, say, to others.
   d. treat others fairly.
   

8. Ross believes that if people all sincerely and thoughtfully consult their moral intuitions, they would

   a. come up with very different fundamental moral duties.
   b. largely agree about most fundamental moral duties but would still sometimes disagree too.
   c. arrive at the same fundamental moral duties as others would (though they might find more than just Ross's seven duties).
   

9. Ross's theory offers

   a. no explanation of what actually makes justice a moral duty, although it does explain our duty of beneficence.
   b. explanations of each of its duties.
   c. no explanation of any of its duties.
   

10. A hypothetical imperative holds

    a. only if one has a certain goal.
    b. in every possible situation.
    c. whenever obeying it leads to happiness.
    d. for anyone who believes that is her duty.
    

11. According to Kant, if the universalization of a maxim conflicts with our purpose for acting as the maxim describes, then acting that way is

    a. ethical.
    b. unethical.
    c. either ethical or unethical, depending on the consequences.
    

12. Which of the following reflects a categorical (as opposed to a hypothetical) imperative?

    a. If you want to avoid heart disease, you should eat more whole grains.
    b. Respect your elders.
    c. To ensure profits in volatile markets, diversify your investments.
    

13. Toward animals, Kant insists that we can have

    a. only direct duties.
    b. only indirect duties.
    c. both direct and indirect duties.
    

14. To determine what is a foundational good, Kant argues that

    a. if we add pleasure to certain situations, those situations may be made worse.
    b. if we add knowledge to certain situations, those situations will only become better.
    c. adding pleasure or knowledge (or both) to certain situations will only make them become better.
    

15. Deontological theories can take which of the following pairs into account?

    a. an act's effects and the actor's intentions
    b. the kind of act and the act's effects
    c. the kind of act and the actor's intentions
    

16. Kant maintains that each person “makes” the moral law for himself. This means that each person

    a. can arrive at his own particular set of moral principles.
    b. should arrive at the exact same set of moral principles.
    

17. Arguably, Tom might have only indirect duties toward his baby sister. This points to Kant's potentially serious problem with

    a. many formulations.
    b. consequences.
    c. rational agents.
    

18. Which one of the following acts would Kant say shows something of true moral worth?

    a. Boy Scout Al helps his friend shovel the snow because he knows she will later make him some freshly baked cookies.
    b. Boy Scout Bert helps his friend weed the garden because he likes gardening and enjoys helping people.
    c. Boy Scout Cal helps his friend push his stuck car free because that is something he ought to do.
    

19. Which of the following kinds of theories generally emphasize duties rather than effects?

    a. deontological
    b. consequentialist
    c. objectivist
    d. all of the above
    e. none of the above
    

20. Ross's duty of gratitude requires that

    a. we pay people back what we owe them.
    b. we show our appreciation to them for something they do for us.
    c. if they keep their promises to us, we respond by keeping our promises to them.
    

21. In determining the maxim your act would fall under, you

    a. only should include a description of the act itself.
    b. only need to include your intention for acting that way.
    c. should include both a description of the act and your intention for acting that way.
    

22. According to Kant, the principle of law is

    a. equivalent to the principle of ends and so should always yields the same conclusions.
    b. not equivalent to the principle of ends, though they often yield the same conclusions.
    

23. Kant determines the rightness or wrongness of a particular kind of act in terms of

    a. the kind of act (and the intention).
    b. the likely effects of that kind of act.
    c. whether people want that kind of thing done to them.
    

24. Which of the following is a categorical imperative:

    a. “If you want to pass that course, you must attend regularly.”
    b. “People shouldn't break promises.”
    

25. Kant's Good Will

    a. is the only thing that Kant thinks has intrinsic or foundational moral value.
    b. tells us specifically what is right or wrong.
    

26. What holds concerning Kant's principle of universal law?

    a. It is unlike the principle of ends in that it encounters no problems with moral dilemmas.
    b. It can be difficult to apply because it's hard to tell if you are treating a person as an end or not.
    c. It says that something is wrong if the universalization test leads to inconsistency.
    d. It says that something is morally ok if the universalization test leads to an inconsistency.
    

27. According to Kant, lying is wrong because it amounts to treating another person as

    a. an end only but not as a means.
    b. an end and means both.
    c. a means only but not as an end.
    

What is the second version of the categorical imperative?

What are the 2 formulations of the categorical imperative?

What are Kant's 3 categorical imperatives?

Which is the 2nd ethical maxim for Kant?